LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Lesson notes · Oct 5, 2026

Boyfriend in Japanese: 彼氏かれし (かれし), 彼女かのじょ (かのじょ), 恋人こいびと, 付き合つきあう, and 元もとカレ

"Boyfriend" in Japanese is 彼氏かれし (かれし) and "girlfriend" is 彼女かのじょ (かのじょ). Careful: 彼女かのじょ also means "she", so context decides which one you mean. For a gender-neutral "partner" or "someone I'm dating", use 恋人こいびと (こいびと), and for "to go out with someone", use 付き合つきあう (つきあう).

Anime is full of these words. Someone shouts 「俺おれの彼女かのじょに手てを出だすな!」 and you understand the scene even without subtitles. But in real conversation the words behave a little differently from the textbook, and learners get tripped up in the same few places. This post covers the basics, the casual forms you will actually hear, and the classroom mistake I see more than any other: using 彼かれ and 彼女かのじょ as "he" and "she" all the time.

How do you say "boyfriend" and "girlfriend" in Japanese?

What are 彼氏かれし and 彼女かのじょ?

彼氏かれし (かれし) is a boyfriend and 彼女かのじょ (かのじょ) is a girlfriend. They are the everyday words, and you can use them in almost any casual or polite conversation.

彼氏かれしがいます。 — I have a boyfriend. (polite) 彼女かのじょができた。 — I got a girlfriend. (casual)

Notice the verbs. You usually say 彼氏かれしがいる (I have a boyfriend) for a state, and 彼女かのじょができる (a girlfriend "comes into being") for the moment it starts. 彼氏かれしを持もつ is not natural.

The same words work for both same-sex and opposite-sex couples: 彼氏かれし is "the male partner" and 彼女かのじょ is "the female partner", whoever is speaking.

Why does 彼女かのじょ also mean "she"?

彼女かのじょ (かのじょ) literally means "that woman", so it is both "she" and "girlfriend". The meaning comes from context.

彼女かのじょは先生せんせいです。 — She is a teacher. (polite, "she") 彼女かのじょは先生せんせいです。 — My girlfriend is a teacher. (polite, "girlfriend")

The two sentences are identical. A Japanese listener decides from the situation. If you want to make sure you are heard as "girlfriend", say 私わたしの彼女かのじょ, or add a hint like 付き合つきあっている.

彼氏かれし does not have this problem, because it only ever means boyfriend. The pronoun "he" is 彼かれ (かれ), and 彼かれ can also mean "boyfriend", which is why older songs and dramas use it. In modern speech, 彼氏かれし is the safer choice for "boyfriend".

How do you say "partner" or "lover"?

恋人こいびと (こいびと) is a romantic partner of any gender. パートナー is a more modern, neutral word that also covers spouses and long-term couples.

恋人こいびとはいますか。 — Do you have a partner? (polite) パートナーと住すんでいます。 — I live with my partner. (polite)

恋人こいびと sounds a bit more serious and gentle than 彼氏かれし or 彼女かのじょ, like "sweetheart". It is a good word when you do not want to assume anything about the person you are asking.

How do you talk about dating?

What does 付き合つきあう mean?

付き合つきあう (つきあう) means "to go out with someone", or in a wider sense "to keep company with". You say 〜と付き合つきあっている for "I'm dating ...".

彼かれと付き合つきあっている。 — I'm going out with him. (casual) 付き合つきあってください。 — Please go out with me. (polite confession)

The first step in a Japanese romance is usually a 告白こくはく (こくはく), a clear confession, followed by 付き合つきあってください. Without that moment, many Japanese speakers would hesitate to say two people are 付き合つきあっている, even if they have been on many dates. Once you are officially together, the verb for leaning sweetly on a partner is 甘あまえる, as in 彼氏かれしに甘あまえる, and 甘あまえる sets it against 甘あまやかす, the partner spoiling you back.

What are 元もとカレ, 元もとカノ and 今いまカレ?

元もとカレ (もとカレ) is an ex-boyfriend, 元もとカノ (もとカノ) is an ex-girlfriend, and 今いまカレ (いまカレ) is a current boyfriend. They are shortened, casual forms of 彼氏かれし and 彼女かのじょ.

元もとカレとはもう連絡れんらくしていない。 — I'm not in touch with my ex anymore. (casual) 今いまカレは優やさしい人ひとだ。 — My current boyfriend is a kind person. (casual)

The word 元もと (もと) means "former". You can stick it onto many words: 元彼女もとかの, 元夫もとお and so on. The short カレ and カノ are written in katakana to feel light and spoken.

Beyond the basics

How do you ask "Do you have a boyfriend?"

The natural question is 彼氏かれしいる? in casual speech, or 彼氏かれしはいますか in polite speech. In fast conversation the particle は and the verb ending often disappear.

彼氏かれしいる? — Do you have a boyfriend? (casual) 彼女かのじょはいますか。 — Do you have a girlfriend? (polite)

Look at what is missing. A textbook would give you あなたには彼氏かれしがいますか, but nobody says that. The あなた is dropped (see anata in Japanese for why), and が or は is dropped too. In a casual group chat you will also see 彼氏かれしほしい (I want a boyfriend), and in slang the cute かれぴ, a playful shortening of 彼氏かれし.

This is a personal question, so in a workplace or with someone you just met, it can feel nosy. Among friends it is a very normal topic. If the question makes you blush, 恥はずかしい is the exposed, want-to-hide feeling, whereas 照てれる is the warm kind that embarrassed in Japanese ties to compliments and confessions.

How do you hear it in anime?

Anime uses 彼女かのじょ for both "she" and "girlfriend", often with a very visible emotion, and the phrase 彼女かのじょいない歴れき is a classic joke.

俺おれの彼女かのじょに手てを出だすな! — Don't touch my girlfriend! (rough, male speech) 彼女かのじょいない歴れきイコール年齢ねんれい。 — I've never had a girlfriend in my whole life. (casual, self-mocking)

彼女かのじょいない歴れき means "the length of time without a girlfriend", and saying it equals your age is the usual way to joke that you have never had one. You will hear it a lot in comedies and from characters who are shy. The same pattern works for 彼氏かれしいない歴れき.

Another anime habit is possessive 俺おれの (my) in front of 彼女かのじょ, which marks a very dramatic or protective moment. In daily life, most people just say うちの彼女かのじょ or 彼女かのじょ on its own.

What about love and confessions?

"Like" and "love" are two different steps in Japanese, with 好すき used far more than 愛いとしてる. See I love you in Japanese and kataomoi vs ryoomoi for the full picture.

好すきです。付き合つきあってください。 — I like you. Please go out with me. (polite)

If the two of you are far apart, miss you in Japanese has the words for that feeling. And if things go well, married in Japanese is the next step.

Word Reading Meaning
彼氏かれし かれし boyfriend
彼女かのじょ かのじょ girlfriend; she
彼かれ かれ he; boyfriend (older/literary)
恋人こいびと こいびと romantic partner
パートナー パートナー partner
付き合つきあう つきあう to go out with
告白こくはく こくはく confession of love
元もとカレ もとカレ ex-boyfriend
元もとカノ もとカノ ex-girlfriend
今いまカレ いまカレ current boyfriend

Common mistakes

  • Calling every woman 彼女かのじょ in conversation. In a classroom, learners translate "she" straight into 彼女かのじょ for every sentence. In real Japanese, you usually repeat the name with さん, or drop the subject. And when you meet someone new, 彼女かのじょ can be heard as "my girlfriend", which makes a strange impression. Say 田中たなかさんは先生せんせいです, not 彼女かのじょは先生せんせいです.
  • Using 彼かれ as "he" in the same way. 彼かれ is stiff when overused, and it can also be heard as "boyfriend". Use the name and さん.
  • Saying 彼氏かれしを持もっています. Use 彼氏かれしがいます.
  • Forgetting 彼女かのじょ has two meanings. If you say 彼女かのじょは優やさしい, your listener may assume you mean your girlfriend.
  • Asking 彼氏かれしいる? to a stranger. It is friendly with friends but personal with everyone else.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: the same sentence heard two different ways.

1. Say politely, "I have a boyfriend."

Show answer

彼氏かれしがいます。 — you describe a state with いる, and the object takes が, not を.

2. Say casually, "I got a girlfriend."

Show answer

彼女かのじょができた。 — できる is the verb for a relationship that begins, and the past form ができた marks the moment it happened.

3. Translate 「彼女かのじょは先生せんせいです。」 when you are talking about a woman you just mentioned.

Show answer

She is a teacher. — here 彼女かのじょ is the pronoun "she" because the woman was already in the conversation.

4. The same sentence 「彼女かのじょは先生せんせいです。」 is said proudly by a man who just announced he has a partner. What does it mean now?

Show answer

My girlfriend is a teacher. — this is the pair to question 3. The words are the same, only the context changes the meaning of 彼女かのじょ.

5. Say politely, "Please go out with me."

Show answer

付き合つきあってください。 — 付き合つきあう is "to go out with", and 〜てください makes it a polite request.

6. Say, "I'm not in touch with my ex-boyfriend anymore."

Show answer

元もとカレとはもう連絡れんらくしていない。 — 元もとカレ is "ex-boyfriend", and とは marks the topic, with もう ... ない meaning "not anymore".

7. Ask a friend casually, "Do you have a boyfriend?"

Show answer

彼氏かれしいる? — in casual speech the particle が and the polite ending are dropped, and the rising tone makes it a question.

8. Fix this sentence for meeting someone new: 「彼女かのじょは先生せんせいです。」 (you mean Tanaka-san, who is a woman).

Show answer

田中たなかさんは先生せんせいです。 — repeating the name with さん is more natural than 彼女かのじょ, and it avoids being heard as "my girlfriend".

9. What is a gender-neutral word for "romantic partner"?

Show answer

恋人こいびと — こいびと. It does not say anything about gender, so it is a safe word when you ask someone about their love life.

10. Say, "Don't touch my girlfriend!" in rough anime style.

Show answer

俺おれの彼女かのじょに手てを出だすな! — 手てを出だす is "to lay a hand on", and the verb plus な is a rough command, typical of male anime speech.

Because 彼女かのじょ can mean "she" or "my girlfriend", in a trial lesson, practise introducing someone with a name and さん, and using 彼氏かれし or 彼女かのじょ only when you mean it.

FAQ

How do you say "boyfriend" in Japanese? 彼氏かれし (かれし). The shortened casual form is カレ.

How do you say "girlfriend" in Japanese? 彼女かのじょ (かのじょ). It also means "she".

Is 彼女かのじょ "she" or "girlfriend"? Both. Your listener decides from context, so add 私わたしの or a hint like 付き合つきあっている if it matters.

What is the gender-neutral word for partner? 恋人こいびと (こいびと) or パートナー.

How do you say "ex-boyfriend" or "ex-girlfriend"? 元もとカレ (もとカレ) and 元もとカノ (もとカノ).

How do you ask "Do you have a boyfriend?" 彼氏かれしいる? in casual speech, or 彼氏かれしはいますか in polite speech.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

彼氏	かれし — boyfriend
彼女	かのじょ — girlfriend; she
彼	かれ — he; boyfriend (older)
恋人	こいびと — romantic partner
パートナー	パートナー — partner
付き合う	つきあう — to go out with
告白	こくはく — confession of love
元カレ	もとカレ — ex-boyfriend
元カノ	もとカノ — ex-girlfriend
今カレ	いまカレ — current boyfriend
連絡	れんらく — contact
優しい	やさしい — kind
手を出す	てをだす — to lay a hand on

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 彼女かのじょ is the word that surprises learners most, because the same sound can mean "she" or "my girlfriend" depending on the room, and a quick name plus さん fixes most of the trouble. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

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