LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Talking to real people · Sep 28, 2026

甘あまえる (amaeru): leaning on someone''s kindness — and 甘あまやかす, spoiling them back

甘あまえる (amaeru) describes acting in a sweetly dependent way that presumes on someone's kindness or affection — leaning on them, expecting to be indulged, the way a child leans on a parent. 甘あまやかす (amayakasu) is the other side of that same interaction: to spoil or over-indulge the person who's doing the 甘あまえる.

Neither word has a clean one-word English equivalent, which is exactly why they trip learners up. 甘あまえる gets glossed as "to be spoiled" or "to act babyish," but that misses how often adults use it too, in ways that are polite and completely normal rather than childish. Understanding the 甘あまえる/甘あまやかす pair — who's doing which side of the interaction — clears up a surprising amount of Japanese social vocabulary at once.

The basics

甘あまえる: leaning on someone's kindness

甘あまえる describes the person receiving the indulgence: acting dependent, affectionate, or presumptuous on the assumption that the other person will accept it kindly.

子供こどもは母親ははおやに甘あまえる。 — The child acts sweetly dependent toward their mother, leaning on her kindness. (neutral, the classic image) 甘あまえないで、自分じぶんでやりなさい。 — Don't be so dependent, do it yourself. (casual, said in a scolding tone)

The person doing 甘あまえる is grammatically the subject, and the person being leaned on is marked with に — 子供こどもが母親ははおやに甘あまえる, "the child leans on the mother."

甘あまやかす: spoiling, over-indulging someone

甘あまやかす describes the other side of the same interaction — the person who allows, encourages, or feeds someone else's 甘あまえる, often to an excessive degree.

祖父母そふぼは孫まごを甘あまやかす。 — Grandparents spoil their grandchildren. (neutral, an extremely common observation) あまり甘あまやかさないでください。 — Please don't spoil them too much. (polite, a common request)

甘あまやかす is transitive, taking を for the person being spoiled: 祖父母そふぼが孫まごを甘あまやかす, "the grandparents spoil the grandchild" — the grammatical mirror image of 甘あまえる.

Beyond the basics

甘あまえる and 甘あまやかす: two sides of the same interaction

Put the pair together and you get the same scene described from each participant's role:

子供こどもが親おやに甘あまえる。 — The child leans on the parent's kindness. (the dependent side) 親おやが子供こどもを甘あまやかす。 — The parent spoils the child. (the indulging side)

They aren't synonyms — they're grammatical opposites describing the same relationship, similar to how personality adjectives often come in pairs that describe the same behavior from two different angles.

甘あまえさせる vs 甘あまやかす: allowing vs actively spoiling

甘あまえさせる (the causative form of 甘あまえる, "to let someone act 甘あまえる") and 甘あまやかす overlap heavily, but 甘あまえさせる leans toward permission — letting it happen, often framed as caring or appropriate — while 甘あまやかす more often implies actively overdoing it, with a mild note of concern about the long-term effect.

今日きょうぐらいは甘あまえさせてあげよう。 — Just for today, let's let them lean on us a bit. (casual, framed as acceptable, even kind) そんなに甘あまやかしたら、わがままになるよ。 — If you spoil them that much, they'll become selfish. (casual, a warning)

The difference is subtle and the two overlap in casual speech, but 甘あまやかす is the word you'll hear when someone thinks the indulging has gone too far. The softer feel of 甘あまえさせる comes from its causative ending, which can mean "let" as easily as "make", and the causative form contrasts 子供こどもにゲームをさせる, a child allowed to play, with 子供こどもに野菜やさいを食たべさせる, a child made to eat.

甘あまえる beyond parent and child: adults use it constantly

Adults use 甘あまえる with each other all the time, and one of the most useful set phrases in polite Japanese is built directly on it: お言葉ことばに甘あまえて (o-kotoba ni amaete, literally "leaning on your words"), meaning "taking you up on your kind offer."

お言葉ことばに甘あまえて、お先さきに失礼しつれいします。 — Taking you up on your kind offer, I'll go ahead and excuse myself first. (polite, a very common set phrase) 彼女かのじょは彼かれによく甘あまえる。 — She often acts sweetly dependent toward her boyfriend. (casual, romantic context)

This is a good reminder that 甘あまえる isn't inherently childish — accepting help gracefully, or being affectionately dependent on a partner, are both completely normal, adult uses of the same verb that starts out describing toddlers and parents, much like the layered, situation-dependent affection covered in saying "I love you" in Japanese.

甘あまやかす vs 優やさしい: indulgence is not the same as kindness

甘あまやかす often carries a note of concern or mild criticism — the implication that the indulgence has gone far enough to cause a problem — while 優やさしい (kind, considerate) is almost always positive. Someone can be 優やさしい without being 甘あまやかす at all, and someone can be 甘あまやかす specifically because they're too 優やさしい to say no.

優やさしいけど、甘あまやかしすぎだと思おもう。 — They're kind, but I think they spoil them too much. (casual, showing the two can pull in different directions)

Common mistakes

  • Using 甘あまえる only for children. お言葉ことばに甘あまえて and romantic uses like 彼かれに甘あまえる show adults using it constantly, in perfectly ordinary, non-childish contexts.
  • Mixing up 甘あまえる and 甘あまやかす. 甘あまえる is what the dependent person does (子供こどもが甘あまえる); 甘あまやかす is what the indulging person does (親おやが甘あまやかす) — they take opposite grammatical roles in the same scene.
  • Treating 甘あまやかす as automatically positive. It usually carries at least a light note of "maybe too much," unlike straightforward kindness (優やさしい).
  • Forgetting お言葉ことばに甘あまえて is a set phrase, not a literal description of leaning on someone's words. It's used specifically to politely accept an offer, not in ordinary sentences about dependency.

甘あまえる vs 甘あまやかす vs 甘あまえさせる

Word Reading Who does it Feel
甘あまえる あまえる The dependent person Neutral to affectionate
甘あまやかす あまやかす The indulging person Often a note of "too much"
甘あまえさせる あまえさせる The indulging person (permission-flavored) Often framed as caring, acceptable

FAQ

Is it insulting to say someone is 甘あまえる? Not inherently — it's often affectionate, especially about children, pets, or romantic partners. It becomes more pointed when paired with 甘あまえすぎ ("too much dependence") or used to criticize an adult's attitude.

What exactly does お言葉ことばに甘あまえて mean, and when do I use it? It means "taking you up on your kind offer," and you use it right when accepting someone's offer of help — for example, if someone says 先さきに帰かえっていいですよ ("you can go home first"), replying お言葉ことばに甘あまえて acknowledges their kindness while accepting.

Can 甘あまえる describe romantic relationships? Yes — 彼氏かれしに甘あまえる or 彼女かのじょに甘あまえる ("to act sweetly dependent toward one's boyfriend/girlfriend") is a common, warm way to describe affectionate dependence between partners.

What's the difference between 甘あまやかす and just being kind (優やさしい)? 優やさしい is straightforwardly positive — consideration and warmth. 甘あまやかす specifically means indulging someone, often past the point that's good for them, and usually implies at least mild concern about the effect.

Is there a word for "a spoiled, dependent person"? 甘あまえん坊ぼう (amaenbo) is the noun for someone who leans on others' kindness a lot — usually said affectionately about children or pets, and sometimes playfully about adults.

Practice

1. "The child acts sweetly dependent toward their mother, leaning on her kindness."

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子供こどもは母親ははおやに甘あまえる。 — 甘あまえる takes に for the person being leaned on.

2. "Don't be so dependent, do it yourself."

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甘あまえないで、自分じぶんでやりなさい。 — A common scolding use of negated 甘あまえる.

3. "Grandparents spoil their grandchildren."

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祖父母そふぼは孫まごを甘あまやかす。 — 甘あまやかす is transitive, taking を for the person being spoiled.

4. "Please don't spoil them too much."

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あまり甘あまやかさないでください。 — A common polite request aimed at the indulging person.

5. "The parent spoils the child." (describe the same scene as Q1, from the other role)

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親おやが子供こどもを甘あまやかす。 — The grammatical mirror image of 子供こどもが親おやに甘あまえる.

6. "Just for today, let's let them lean on us a bit."

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今日きょうぐらいは甘あまえさせてあげよう。 — 甘あまえさせる frames the indulgence as acceptable, even kind.

7. "If you spoil them that much, they'll become selfish."

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そんなに甘あまやかしたら、わがままになるよ。 — 甘あまやかす here carries a clear warning tone.

8. "Taking you up on your kind offer, I'll go ahead and excuse myself first."

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お言葉ことばに甘あまえて、お先さきに失礼しつれいします。 — A very common polite set phrase for accepting an offer.

9. "She often acts sweetly dependent toward her boyfriend."

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彼女かのじょは彼かれによく甘あまえる。 — 甘あまえる used naturally in a romantic, adult context.

10. Fix this: 親おやは子供こどもに甘あまやかす。(wrong particle for 甘あまやかす)

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親おやは子供こどもを甘あまやかす。 — 甘あまやかす is transitive and takes を, not に, for the person being spoiled.

お言葉ことばに甘あまえて is the set phrase for accepting an offer of help, so in a trial lesson, practise the offer and the reply as a pair.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

甘える	あまえる — to act dependent, lean on someone's kindness
甘やかす	あまやかす — to spoil, over-indulge someone
甘えさせる	あまえさせる — to let someone lean on you
甘えん坊	あまえんぼう — a spoiled, dependent person
お言葉に甘えて	おことばにあまえて — taking you up on your kind offer
子供	こども — child
親	おや — parent
祖父母	そふぼ — grandparents
孫	まご — grandchild
わがまま	わがまま — selfish, demanding
優しい	やさしい — kind, gentle

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, and お言葉ことばに甘あまえて is one of the first set phrases I teach anyone heading to a Japanese workplace — it takes almost all the awkwardness out of accepting help.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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