LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Eat in Japanese: 食たべる (たべる), 食くう, 召めし上あがる, and "let''s eat

"Eat" in Japanese is 食たべる (たべる, taberu). The polite form is 食たべます, "let's eat" is 食たべよう or 食たべましょう, and before a meal people say いただきます. To speak about a guest or a customer eating, Japanese switches to the respectful 召めし上あがる (めしあがる).

食たべる is one of the first verbs everyone learns, and it is also one of the best for learning how Japanese verbs work. It is a regular る-verb, so every form follows the rules. Around it, though, sit a rough male version, a very polite version, some surprising choices (soup is "drunk", not eaten), and a family of food words that come up at every meal. This post covers all of them.

How do you say "eat" in Japanese?

What are the basic forms of 食たべる?

食たべる is a る-verb (ichidan verb): drop る and add the ending.

Form Japanese Meaning
Dictionary 食たべる eat
Polite 食たべます eat (polite)
Past 食たべた / 食たべました ate
Negative 食たべない / 食たべません don't eat
て-form 食たべて eat and..., please eat
Let's 食たべよう / 食たべましょう let's eat

毎朝まいあさパンを食たべます。 — I eat bread every morning. (polite, a daily habit) もう食たべた? — Did you eat already? (casual, very common between friends and family)

Because 食たべる is so regular, it is the model verb in many textbooks. If the groups are new, our post on Japanese verb groups explains how to tell る-verbs from う-verbs.

How do you say "let's eat"?

食たべよう (casual) or 食たべましょう (polite). Right before you start, say いただきます.

お腹おなかすいた。何なにか食たべよう。 — I'm hungry. Let's eat something. (casual, suggesting) じゃあ、食たべましょう。 — Well then, let's eat. (polite, a host to guests) いただきます! — Thank you for the food! (said by everyone just before eating)

食たべよう suggests the idea; いただきます is the ritual start of the meal. They are different moments. Our post on いただきます and ごちそうさま explains what those words really mean.

How do you ask "What do you want to eat?"

何なにが食たべたい? (casual) or 何なにを食たべたいですか (polite). 〜たい means "want to".

今日きょう、何なにが食たべたい? — What do you want to eat today? (casual, choosing dinner) ラーメンが食たべたいです。 — I want to eat ramen. (polite)

The particle can be が or を with 〜たい; が sounds a little more natural in everyday speech. Our post on ほしい and たい covers the pattern.

Beyond the basics

What is 食くう?

食くう (くう) is a rough, casual "eat", used mostly by men among friends. It sounds blunt and hearty, the way an anime character with a big appetite talks.

腹減はらへった。飯はん食くおうぜ。 — I'm starving. Let's grab food. (rough, male, casual)

食くう is not rude among close friends, but it sounds coarse in polite company. You will hear it constantly in anime and in some fixed words like 食くいしん坊ぼう (くいしんぼう, glutton) and 大食たいしょくい (おおぐい, big eater). For the hunger side, see our post on hungry in Japanese.

What is 召めし上あがる?

召めし上あがる (めしあがる) is the respectful "eat", used when someone of higher status, a guest or a customer eats.

どうぞ、召めし上あがってください。 — Please, help yourself. (very polite, a host to a guest) 何なにを召めし上あがりますか。 — What would you like to eat? (very polite, staff to customers)

The humble side, for your own eating, is いただく: いただきます is exactly this verb. So in polite Japanese, the guest 召めし上あがる and you いただく. Our post on keigo and when to switch covers this kind of pair.

Why is soup "drunk" in Japanese?

Because Japanese usually uses 飲のむ (のむ) for things you swallow without chewing, like soup and medicine.

味噌汁みそしるを飲のむ。 — To have miso soup. (neutral, literally "drink") 薬くすりを飲のみましたか。 — Did you take your medicine? (polite, medicine is also "drunk")

So "eat soup" with 食たべる sounds odd for clear soups like miso soup. Thick stews with lots of ingredients, like curry, are usually 食たべる. Our post on drink in Japanese explains the full rule.

What is 食たべられる and 食たべれる?

食たべられる is the standard "can eat"; 食たべれる is a very common casual shortening.

納豆なっとう、食たべられますか。 — Can you eat natto? (polite, a classic question to visitors) 辛からいもの、食たべれる? — Can you handle spicy food? (casual, the shortened form)

Dropping the ら, called ら抜ぬき言葉ことば (らぬきことば), is everywhere in casual speech, especially among younger people. In writing and formal speech, keep 食たべられる. Our post on the potential form has the details.

Which food words come from 食たべる?

A lot of useful compounds start with 食たべ or 食しょく.

Word Reading Meaning
食べ物たべもの たべもの food
食たべ放題ほうだい たべほうだい all you can eat
食たべ過すぎ たべすぎ overeating
食たべかけ たべかけ half-eaten
食事しょくじ しょくじ a meal
外食がいしょく がいしょく eating out

昨日きのうは食たべ過すぎた。 — I ate too much yesterday. (casual, a very common complaint) 食たべ放題ほうだいに行いこう! — Let's go to an all-you-can-eat place! (casual)

食たべ放題ほうだい is worth knowing: many restaurants offer it for a fixed price and a time limit, and drinks are sometimes a separate 飲み放題のみほうだい.

What do you say if you don't eat something?

Say it gently: 〇〇はちょっと苦手にがてです, "I'm not very good with...".

すみません、生なまの魚さかなはちょっと苦手にがてです。 — Sorry, I'm not great with raw fish. (polite, the soft refusal)

苦手にがて sounds softer than 嫌きらい (dislike) and is the natural choice at a shared meal. If allergies are involved, be direct: 卵たまごアレルギーがあります, "I have an egg allergy". Our post on picky eaters has more.

Common mistakes

  • Saying スープを食たべる for miso soup. Clear soup is 飲のむ.
  • Using 食くう in polite company. It is rough. 食たべる is the safe default.
  • Using 食たべる for a guest's eating in formal situations. Switch to 召めし上あがる.
  • Mixing up 食たべよう and いただきます. One suggests eating; the other starts the meal.
  • Writing 食たべれる in formal text. Use 食たべられる.

Quick comparison

Word Reading Use
食たべる たべる the standard "eat"
食たべよう / 食たべましょう たべよう / たべましょう let's eat
食くう くう rough, casual, mostly men
召めし上あがる めしあがる respectful, others eating
いただく いただく humble, yourself eating
飲のむ のむ soup, medicine, drinks
食たべられる / 食たべれる たべられる / たべれる can eat (standard / casual)

Practice

Try each answer yourself before opening it. Questions 5 and 6 are a pair: the same act, seen from the host and from the guest.

1. Say "I eat bread every morning" politely.

Show answer

毎朝まいあさパンを食たべます — 食たべます is the polite form.

2. Casually ask a friend "Did you eat already?"

Show answer

もう食たべた? — the casual past with もう (already).

3. Suggest "Let's eat something" casually.

Show answer

何なにか食たべよう — 食たべよう is the casual "let's".

4. What does everyone say just before starting a meal?

Show answer

いただきます — the ritual start of the meal.

5. As a host, invite your guest to eat, very politely.

Show answer

どうぞ、召めし上あがってください — 召めし上あがる is the respectful "eat" for others.

6. As the guest, what humble verb do you use for your own eating?

Show answer

いただく — as in いただきます. This is the pair to question 5.

7. Which verb goes with miso soup: 食たべる or 飲のむ?

Show answer

飲のむ — 味噌汁みそしるを飲のむ. Clear soups are "drunk".

8. Ask politely "Can you eat natto?"

Show answer

納豆なっとう、食たべられますか — 食たべられる is the standard potential form.

9. What is 食たべ放題ほうだい?

Show answer

All you can eat — a fixed price, usually with a time limit.

10. Politely say you are not great with raw fish.

Show answer

生なまの魚さかなはちょっと苦手にがてです — 苦手にがて is softer than 嫌きらい.

In a short mealtime role-play in a trial lesson, say 食たべよう to a friend and 召めし上あがってください to a guest.

FAQ

What is the kanji for eat? 食しょく. It is read た in 食たべる and しょく in words like 食事しょくじ (meal), 食堂しょくどう (cafeteria) and 和食わしょく (Japanese food).

Is 食たべる an irregular verb? No, it is a regular る-verb. The only truly irregular verbs are する and 来くる.

What does 食たべちゃった mean? "I ended up eating it", often with a hint of guilt: ケーキ、全部ぜんぶ食たべちゃった, "I ate the whole cake".

How do you say "Enjoy your meal"? Japanese has no exact equivalent. A host says どうぞ、召めし上あがってください, or simply どうぞ.

What is the difference between ご飯はん and 食事しょくじ? ご飯はん means both "cooked rice" and "a meal" in everyday speech. 食事しょくじ is the more formal word for "a meal".

How do anime characters say "I'm starving"? Often 腹減はらへった (はらへった), the rough male version. The neutral version is お腹おなかすいた.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

食べる	たべる — to eat
食べよう	たべよう — let's eat (casual)
食う	くう — to eat (rough, casual)
召し上がる	めしあがる — to eat (respectful)
いただく	いただく — to eat, to receive (humble)
飲む	のむ — to drink; to take (soup, medicine)
食べられる	たべられる — can eat
食べ物	たべもの — food
食べ放題	たべほうだい — all you can eat
食べ過ぎ	たべすぎ — overeating
食べかけ	たべかけ — half-eaten
食事	しょくじ — meal
外食	がいしょく — eating out
苦手	にがて — not good with
味噌汁	みそしる — miso soup
腹減った	はらへった — I'm starving (rough)

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about. Food talk is one of the easiest ways into real conversation, and 食たべる is the verb that carries most of it. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

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