LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Young in Japanese: 若わかい (わかい), 若者わかもの, 年下としした and how to compliment someone

"Young" in Japanese is 若わかい (わかい), an い-adjective that describes people, ages, and things that feel fresh or youthful — and for "younger than me" you use a different word, 年下としした (としした).

English uses "young" for everything. Japanese splits the idea: 若わかい describes how young someone is in general, 年下としした compares two people, 子供こども means "child", and 若者わかもの is a group noun for young people. Once you see which job each word does, the rest is easy.

The basics

What is "young" in Japanese?

若わかい (わかい) is the standard word. It is a regular い-adjective, so it conjugates like any other: 若わかくない (not young), 若わかかった (was young), 若わかくて (young and...). If you need a refresher on how these work, see い-adjectives vs な-adjectives.

彼かれはまだ若わかいです。 — He is still young. (polite, neutral description) 若わかい先生せんせいが来きました。 — A young teacher came. (polite, 若わかい directly before a noun) 昔むかしは若わかかったです。 — I was young in the past. (polite, past tense of the い-adjective)

The opposite is not a single word. For people, you would say 年としを取とった or 年上としうえ (older), and the full story of "old" is in old in Japanese: 古ふるい and 年としを取とる. For respectful words about older people, see elderly in Japanese.

How do you say "young people" and "a young person"?

若者わかもの (わかもの) means "young people" as a group, and 若わかい人ひと (わかいひと) means "a young person". 若者わかもの is a noun and sounds a little like a news or sociology word. 若わかい人ひと is the plain, everyday phrase.

最近さいきんの若者わかものはよく旅行りょこうします。 — Young people travel a lot these days. (polite, general statement) あの若わかい人ひとは新入社員しんにゅうしゃいんです。 — That young person is a new employee. (polite, pointing out one person)

One small trap: 若者わかもの is a collective noun, so it is not usually used for exactly one person you are talking to. For one person, 若わかい人ひと or a name is safer.

How do you say "younger than me" and "older than me"?

年下としした (としした) means "younger than me" and 年上としうえ (としうえ) means "older than me". These are the key everyday words, because Japanese social life cares about who is older. They are nouns, so you add の or です.

彼かれは私わたしより二ふたつ年下とししたです。 — He is two years younger than me. (polite, comparing ages) 彼女かのじょは年上としうえの友達ともだちです。 — She is an older friend. (polite, 年上としうえの before a noun)

To state an actual age (二十歳はたち, 三十歳さんじゅうさい), see how to say your age in Japanese. The relationship between older and younger people at school and work also shapes the words in senpai and kouhai.

What is the difference between 若わかい, 子供こども, and 少年しょうねん?

子供こども (こども) is "child", 少年しょうねん (しょうねん) is "boy", and 少女しょうじょ (しょうじょ) is "girl". They name a stage of life, while 若わかい describes a quality. A 子供こども is not "young" in the same sense; the word for a small child's age is usually 小ちいさい (small).

子供こどもが公園こうえんで遊あそんでいます。 — The children are playing in the park. (polite, everyday) その少年しょうねんは一人ひとりで旅たびに出でました。 — That boy set out on a journey alone. (neutral-written, a story style)

少年しょうねん and 少女しょうじょ sound like a narrator, not a conversation. You hear them in novels and anime titles more than in daily talk.

Beyond the basics

What are 少年漫画しょうねんまんが and 少女漫画しょうじょまんが?

少年漫画しょうねんまんが (しょうねんまんが) is manga aimed at boys and 少女漫画しょうじょまんが (しょうじょまんが) is manga aimed at girls. These are well-known genre names, and many anime fans already know them. 少年しょうねん and 少女しょうじょ here mean "the target readers", not that the heroes must be that age.

少年漫画しょうねんまんがは戦たたかいの話はなしが多おおいです。 — Shonen manga has many fighting stories. (polite, a general statement about the genre) 私わたしは少女漫画しょうじょまんがも好すきです。 — I like shojo manga too. (polite, stating a preference)

The genre labels are about marketing, not rules. Plenty of adults read both.

How do you say "you look young"?

Use 若わかく見みえますね (わかくみえますね) for "you look young", or 若わかいですね for "you are young". 見みえる (to look, to appear) after the adverb form 若わかく is the natural pattern. The 〜く form of an い-adjective plus 見みえる is how Japanese says "looks ___".

若わかく見みえますね。 — You look young, don't you? (polite, a compliment) 全然ぜんぜんそう見みえません。若わかいですね。 — You don't look it at all. You're young! (polite, a reaction after hearing someone's age) 若わかいね! — You're young! (casual, with a friend or to someone younger)

A caution: talking about age is more delicate than the textbook makes it seem. A compliment about looking young is usually welcome, but "you are young" can sound like you are judging someone's experience. If you are not sure, a general line like お元気げんきですね (you seem energetic) is safer.

What is 若手わかて?

若手わかて (わかて) means "the younger members" of a group, especially at work or in a field. It is common in business and sports news: 若手わかて社員しゃいん (young employee), 若手選手わかてせんしゅ (young player). It is neutral and slightly positive, hinting at "rising talent".

若手わかての意見いけんも聞ききたいです。 — I want to hear the younger members' opinions too. (polite, a workplace sentence) 彼かれは若手わかての中なかで一番上手いちばんじょうずです。 — He is the best among the younger ones. (polite, comparing within a group)

What is 若造わかぞう?

若造わかぞう (わかぞう) is a rude word for a young man, meaning "kid" or "greenhorn". You will hear it from a tough older character in anime, usually mocking someone as inexperienced. Do not use it about a real person.

若造わかぞうのくせに生意気なまいきだ。 — You're just a kid, yet you're so cheeky. (rough, an anime-style insult from an older man)

Related rough words like ガキ (brat) appear in the same kind of scenes. Learn to recognize them, not to use them. The 生意気なまいき in 若造わかぞうのくせに生意気なまいきだ is cheek for one's age or rank, and 生意気なまいき and 図々ずーずーしい contrasts it with 図々ずーずーしい, plain nerve that has nothing to do with rank.

What about 幼おさない and 若々わかわかしい?

幼おさない (おさない) means "very young, childlike" and 若々わかわかしい (わかわかしい) means "youthful, full of life". 幼おさない usually applies to small children or a childish feeling; 若々わかわかしい is a warm compliment for someone older who has energy.

幼おさない子供こどもが泣ないています。 — A very young child is crying. (polite, describing a small child) あの方かたはとても若々わかわかしいです。 — That person is very youthful. (polite, a positive description)

Common mistakes

  • Using 若わかい to mean "younger than me". 若わかい describes someone as young; for a comparison you need 年下としした or 〜より若わかい. 彼かれは私わたしより若わかいです is understandable, but 年下としした is more natural for relationships.
  • Saying 若者わかもの for one person. 若者わかもの is a group noun. For a single person, 若わかい人ひと sounds more natural.
  • Calling a coworker 若造わかぞう as a joke. It is an insult in real life, even if it sounds funny in anime.
  • Commenting on someone's age first. In Japanese, a line like おいくつですか can be sensitive. Start with 若わかく見みえますね if a compliment fits, and do not ask the age without a reason.

The young words at a glance

Word Reading Meaning Feel
若わかい わかい young Neutral, everyday
若者わかもの わかもの young people Neutral, news style
年下としした としした younger than me Neutral, everyday
年上としうえ としうえ older than me Neutral, everyday
子供こども こども child Neutral, everyday
少年しょうねん / 少女しょうじょ しょうねん / しょうじょ boy / girl Written, genre names
若手わかて わかて younger members Business, sports
若造わかぞう わかぞう greenhorn, kid Rude, anime

FAQ

Is 若わかい a な-adjective? No, it is an い-adjective. The negative is 若わかくない and the past is 若わかかった.

How do you say "you look young" without being rude? 若わかく見みえますね is the safe, polite line. It is a statement about appearance, not a question about age.

What is the opposite of 若わかい? There is no single everyday opposite for people. Say 年上としうえ for "older than me", or see the old and elderly articles above for 年としを取とる and お年寄としより.

Is 若者わかもの the same as 青年せいねん? Close, but different in feel. 若者わかもの is the ordinary word. 青年せいねん (せいねん) is a more formal or literary word for a young man.

Why is the 少年しょうねん in 少年漫画しょうねんまんが not "boy" only? It names the target audience, mostly teenage boys. The hero can be any age, and many adults read it.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair — the same idea in two different words.

1. Say "He is still young."

Show answer

彼かれはまだ若わかいです — 若わかい is an い-adjective, so it goes straight before です.

2. What is the negative of 若わかい?

Show answer

若わかくない — drop い, add くない, like every い-adjective.

3. Say "He is two years younger than me." Which word fits best?

Show answer

彼かれは私わたしより二ふたつ年下とししたです — 年下としした compares two people.

4. Say "She is an older friend." Which word fits best?

Show answer

彼女かのじょは年上としうえの友達ともだちです — 年上としうえ is the pair to 年下としした, meaning older than me.

5. Which word means "young people" as a group?

Show answer

若者わかもの — a group noun; for one person use 若わかい人ひと.

6. Say "You look young, don't you?"

Show answer

若わかく見みえますね — 若わかく (adverb form) plus 見みえる means "look young".

7. What kind of manga is 少女漫画しょうじょまんが?

Show answer

Manga aimed at girls — 少女しょうじょ names the target readers.

8. Your colleague is a rising young player. Which word describes the younger members of a team?

Show answer

若手わかて — a neutral, slightly positive word for the younger members of a group.

9. An older anime character calls the hero 若造わかぞう. Is this a compliment?

Show answer

No, it is rough and mocking — it means "kid" or "greenhorn".

In a trial lesson, practise the safe compliment 若わかく見みえますね, then talk about the 若者わかもの around you and about someone who is your 年下としした.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

若い	わかい — young
若者	わかもの — young people
若い人	わかいひと — a young person
年下	としした — younger than me
年上	としうえ — older than me
子供	こども — child
少年	しょうねん — boy
少女	しょうじょ — girl
少年漫画	しょうねんまんが — manga for boys
少女漫画	しょうじょまんが — manga for girls
見える	みえる — to look, to appear
若手	わかて — younger members
若造	わかぞう — greenhorn, kid (rude)
幼い	おさない — very young, childlike
若々しい	わかわかしい — youthful

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about — including this one, which comes up in nearly every beginner's first few lessons. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

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