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N5Lesson notes · Oct 16, 2026

Which in Japanese: dore, dotchi, dochira and dono explained

"Which" in Japanese is どっち (casual) or どちら (more polite) when you compare two things, usually どれ (neutral) when you pick from three or more, and どの when it modifies a noun — and どちら also works as a polite "where" and "who."

English has one word, "which." Japanese splits the job along two axes: what you are choosing from (two things, or several) and how polite you need to be. Once you see both, the four words stop blurring together.

The basics

What are the Japanese words for "which"?

There are four you need: どれ, どっち, どちら, and どの. The first three work alone as a pronoun. どの is never used alone; it modifies a noun that follows.

  • どれ — which one (standard and neutral; usually from three or more)
  • どっち — which one (casual; usually comparing two)
  • どちら — which one (more polite; two or more)
  • どの + noun — which [noun], as in どの本ほん "which book"

They belong to the same family as これ・それ・あれ, with ど- as the "which?" member, as laid out in これ・それ・あれ・どれ. For the other basic question words, see なに・どこ・いつ.

How do you choose between どれ and どっち?

Count your options. When you compare two things, people usually say どっち (casual) or どちら (more polite). With three or more, どれ is the standard word, and どちら is the more polite option. どれですか is a perfectly normal polite question.

紅茶こうちゃとコーヒー、どっちが好すき? — Which do you like, tea or coffee? (casual, two options) りんごとみかんとぶどう、どれが好すき? — Which do you like: apples, mandarins or grapes? (informal, three options) メニューはこちらです。どちらになさいますか。 — Here is the menu. Which would you like? (polite, a menu of several items)

That last line is why どちら is not "two only." It is the more polite counterpart of どれ, and in a shop or restaurant you will hear it with a whole menu.

How is どの different from どれ?

どれ stands alone. どの is never used alone; it modifies a noun that follows, whatever the number of options. Other modifiers can come in between: どの赤あかいシャツ "which red shirt."

どれが一番いちばんおいしいですか。 — Which one is the tastiest? (polite, no noun, pointing at several dishes) どの料理りょうりが一番いちばんおいしいですか。 — Which dish is the tastiest? (polite, noun included)

For two options with a noun, どっちの+noun (casual) and どちらの+noun (polite) are often more natural than どの: どっちの本ほんがいい? "Which of the two books?"

What about people and places?

The kind of thing matters, not only the count. For people, use どの人ひと or the polite どなた. To ask where something is, use どこ; to choose between places, どの公園こうえん or どっちの店みせ works too. Avoid どれ for a person: it can sound rude, as if you were treating the person like an object. Casual uses exist, such as pointing at a photo and asking 写真しゃしんの中なかで君くんはどれ? "Which one is you?", but as a learner stick to どの人ひと, どの方ほう, or どなた.

どの人ひとが先生せんせいですか。 — Which person is the teacher? (polite) どなたが先生せんせいですか。 — Which person is the teacher? (more polite)

What does the choice look like at a glance?

Situation Casual / neutral More polite
Comparing two, no noun どっち どちら
Three or more, no noun どれ どちら
Any number, with a noun どの+noun どの+noun
Two, with a noun どっちの+noun どちらの+noun

Beyond the basics

Where else do you hear どちら?

どちら is also the polite way to ask about direction, place, and person. In service Japanese you hear it constantly.

お手洗てあらいはどちらですか。 — Where is the restroom? (polite, shops and restaurants) 失礼しつれいですが、どちら様さまでしょうか。 — Excuse me, may I ask who you are? (very polite, service and business) どちらからいらっしゃいましたか。 — Where have you come from? (formal, hotel or shop staff)

A bare どちら様さまですか can sound guarded, even cold, depending on tone, as when someone answers a door or phone. In service situations, soften it with 失礼しつれいですが and use どちら様さまでしょうか. You do not need to say these on day one, but you will hear them. Between friends the plain words are トイレはどこ? and 誰だれ?

How do you say "either is fine" or "any is fine"?

Add でも. どっちでもいい means "either is fine" or "I don't mind," and どれでもいい is the same for three or more.

どっちでもいいよ。 — Either is fine; I don't mind. (casual, two options) どれでもいいですよ。 — Any of them is fine. (polite, three or more) どちらでも構かまいません。 — Either one is fine with me. (formal)

Tone matters: a flat どっちでもいい can sound careless or indifferent. To sound warmer, say どっちもいいね。どっちでも大丈夫だいじょうぶ "both look good, either is fine" or, politely, どちらでも大丈夫だいじょうぶです "either is fine."

This is the same でも as in 何なんでも "anything," covered in なにか・なんでも.

How do you say "both," "all," "neither," and "none"?

Add も. どちらも/どっちも is "both," and どれも is "all" or "every one." With a negative form (a negative predicate), どちらも〜ない means "neither" and どれも〜ない means "none." The negative has to be there for that meaning.

どっちも好すきです。 — I like both. (casual word with a polite ending; fine with a teacher you chat with, not for formal service talk, where you say どちらも) どっちも好すきじゃないです。 — I like neither. (same register, negative) どれも高たかい。 — They're all expensive. (casual, positive) どれも高たかくない。 — None of them is expensive. (casual, negative) どれも買かいませんでした。 — I bought none of them. (polite, negative)

The mechanics are in the question word + も guide, and 両方りょうほう and どちらも goes deeper on "both."

What about "one of them" and "if I had to choose"?

どっちか and どれか mean "one of them," like 何なにか "something."

どっちか選えらんでください。 — Please pick one of the two. (polite request) どれか好すきなのを持もって行いって。 — Take whichever one you like. (casual, three or more)

For a soft preference, use どちらかというと.

どちらかというと、犬いぬのほうが好すきです。 — If I had to choose, I'd say I prefer dogs. (polite, soft preference)

For "A or B" sentences, see how to say "or" in Japanese.

Are there exceptions to the count rule?

Yes, it is a guideline, not a law. When the set is open or you have not counted it, どれ is natural even if it turns out to be only two. Standing at a souvenir shelf, you might say:

お土産みやげ、どれがいいかな。 — Which souvenir should I get, I wonder. (casual, thinking aloud, set not counted)

Treat the count as your default and listen for how native speakers bend it.

How does it sound in casual speech and anime?

In casual speech, どっち is everywhere, and it often drops everything else. A short どっち? with rising intonation is a full question. Add なの and どっちなの? can sound curious, impatient, or insistent depending on tone. In anime and dramas you often hear this when one character presses another to decide: the sharper the tone, the more it means "say it already." The words themselves are neutral; the voice does the work.

How to practise it

Next time you choose between two things, say it aloud: どっちがいい? With several, say どれがいい? Then answer with どっちでもいい, どっちも, or どちらかというと〜. Five small choices a day build the reflex.

Common mistakes

  • Dropping the noun after どの. どの is not a standalone answer. Say どれ, or add the noun: どの本ほん.
  • Using どっち in formal situations. どっちですか to a customer is too casual; どちらですか is the polite version.
  • Treating どちら as only "which." It also asks about direction, place, and person in polite speech. お手洗てあらいはどちらですか is a location question.
  • Mixing up でも and も. どっちでもいい = either is fine; どっちも好すき = I like both. The first is "I don't mind," the second is a statement about all of them.
  • Using どれ for a person. It can sound objectifying; use どの人ひと, どの方ほう, or どなた.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 5 and 6 are a pair: the same question with different politeness.

1. You hold two umbrellas and ask a friend which one to take. Casual.

Show answer

どっちがいい? — comparing two in a casual setting, so どっち.

2. A shop clerk shows two coats and asks which you prefer. Which polite word do they use?

Show answer

どちらがよろしいですか — comparing two in a polite setting, so どちら.

3. A shelf holds five kinds of pens. Ask "Which one is cheap?" casually.

Show answer

どれが安やすい? — five options, so どれ (neutral; it also works in a polite sentence).

4. Same shelf, but you name the noun: "Which pen is cheap?"

Show answer

どのペンが安やすい? — a noun follows, so どの.

5. At a station, politely ask a staff member where the exit is.

Show answer

出口でぐちはどちらですか — どちら is the polite word for direction and place.

6. Ask a friend the same thing casually.

Show answer

出口でぐちはどこ? — between friends, plain どこ is natural; どちら would sound stiff.

7. A friend offers tea or juice (two options) and you do not mind. Answer casually.

Show answer

どっちでもいいよ — two options plus でも means "either is fine."

8. A friend asks どれがいい? about three bags, and you like none. Answer "None of them."

Show answer

どれも好すきじゃない — the question has three options, so the answer is どれも plus a negative form, "none."

9. The same question about three bags, but now any of them is fine with you.

Show answer

どれでもいいよ — three options plus でも means "any is fine." どっち would not fit three bags.

10. You like cats and dogs but lean slightly toward cats. Give the soft answer.

Show answer

どちらかというと、猫ねこのほうが好すきです — "if I had to choose" is どちらかというと.

FAQ

What is "which" in Japanese in hiragana and kanji? In hiragana it is どれ, どっち, どちら, or どの. They are almost always written in hiragana; there is no everyday kanji form.

How do I ask "which way" when asking for directions? Casually, どっちに行いく? "Which way are we going?" Politely, どちらへ行いかれますか, or simply 駅えきはどちらですか for "which way is the station?"

How do I answer どちらになさいますか? Name your choice: こちらをお願ねがいします "I'll take this one, please," or Aでお願ねがいします. You do not need to repeat どちら.

How do I compare two things with どっち? Use どっちが + adjective: どっちが大おおきい? "Which is bigger?" Answer with the item plus のほう: こっちのほうが大おおきい.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

どれ	どれ — which (neutral; usually three or more)
どっち	どっち — which (usually of two), casual
どちら	どちら — which (polite) / where / who
どの	どの — which (+ noun)
どちらも	どちらも — both (with a negative: neither)
どれも	どれも — all, every one (with a negative: none)
どちらか	どちらか — one of the two
どれか	どれか — one of them
どちらかというと	どちらかというと — if anything, if I had to say
どなた	どなた — who (polite)
お手洗い	おてあらい — restroom (polite)
出口	でぐち — exit
紅茶	こうちゃ — black tea
料理	りょうり — dish, cooking
選ぶ	えらぶ — to choose
構いません	かまいません — I don't mind, it's fine

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about — including this one, which comes up in nearly every beginner's first few lessons. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons; 京都大学きょうとだいがく さみどり 日本語学にほんごがく習しゅう教材きょうざい (https://www.samidori.k.kyoto-u.ac.jp/study/exam?id=135).

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