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N5Lesson notes · Oct 8, 2026

Wash in Japanese: how do you say 洗あらう, 洗濯せんたくする, and お手洗てあらい?

"Wash" in Japanese is 洗あらう (あらう), and it works for hands, faces, dishes and vegetables — but teeth are 磨みがく, laundry is usually 洗濯せんたくする, and お手洗てあらい is not about hands at all, it is a polite word for the toilet.

Most learners meet 洗あらう in the first weeks and then run into trouble, because English "wash" covers a lot of ground and Japanese splits it up. This article gives you the hiragana, the conjugations, the objects that really go with 洗あらう, and the places where you need a different verb.

The basics

What does 洗あらう mean, and how do you read it?

洗あらう is read あらう (arau). It means "to wash" in the sense of cleaning something with water, often with soap. The kanji 洗せん has the water radical on the left, which is a nice memory hook.

手てを洗あらいます。 — I wash my hands. (polite, a daily-life sentence) 顔かおを洗あらう。 — I wash my face. (plain form, casual or in a dictionary)

The object takes を. You wash something, so you need a thing that gets washed: 手てを洗あらう, not just 洗あらう on its own, unless the context already shows what you mean.

How do you conjugate 洗あらう (masu form, te-form, past)?

洗あらう is a う-verb (godan verb, group 1). The final う changes depending on the form, and the one that surprises people is the negative, where the う becomes わ, not あ.

Form Japanese Meaning
Dictionary 洗あらう(あらう) wash
Polite (masu form) 洗あらいます(あらいます) wash (polite)
Polite negative 洗あらいません don't wash
Te-form 洗あらって(あらって) wash, and... / please wash
Past (plain) 洗あらった(あらった) washed
Past (polite) 洗あらいました washed (polite)
Negative (plain) 洗あらわない(あらわない) don't wash
Negative past (plain) 洗あらわなかった didn't wash

The masu form 洗あらいます is the answer to "wash in Japanese masu form." The te-form 洗あらって follows the usual pattern for verbs ending in う: the う becomes って, just like 買かう → 買かって. If te-form patterns still feel slippery, the full set of rules is in how to make the te-form.

手てを洗あらってください。 — Please wash your hands. (polite request with the te-form) もう手てを洗あらった? — Did you wash your hands already? (casual, plain past with a rising tone) 今日きょうは皿さらを洗あらわなかった。 — I didn't wash the dishes today. (plain negative past)

What can you wash with 洗あらう?

The most natural objects are things you wash with water in front of you:

野菜やさいを洗あらってから切きります。 — I wash the vegetables and then cut them. (polite, cooking) 皿さらを洗あらうのは私わたしの仕事しごとです。 — Washing the dishes is my job. (polite, household) 髪かみを洗あらってもいいですか。 — May I wash my hair? (polite, asking at someone's home) 車くるまを洗あらいました。 — I washed the car. (polite, past)

Hands, face, hair, body, dishes, vegetables, rice, a car: all fine. When the thing is a mass of dishes, Japanese also has the noun 洗あらい物もの (あらいもの), which means "the washing-up" and is what you say when someone is doing the dishes: 洗あらい物ものをする.

Beyond the basics

Where does English "wash" not match 洗あらう?

This is where most mistakes come from, so here is the quick map.

English Natural Japanese Not this
wash your hands 手てを洗あらう —
wash your face 顔かおを洗あらう —
wash your hair 髪かみを洗あらう —
brush your teeth 歯はを磨みがく(はをみがく) ✕ 歯はを洗あらう
take a shower シャワーを浴あびる(あびる) ✕ シャワーを洗あらう
take a bath お風呂ふろに入はいる ✕ お風呂ふろを洗あらう (that means cleaning the tub)
do the laundry 洗濯せんたくする(せんたくする) —
wash the dishes 皿さらを洗あらう / 洗あらい物ものをする —

Teeth are the classic trap. In Japanese you polish your teeth: 歯はを磨みがく. 歯はを洗あらう sounds like you took your teeth out and rinsed them. The same logic gives you シャワーを浴あびる, literally "to bathe in a shower," where the verb is about receiving water, not washing. For the bath side of that story, see bath in Japanese and the お風呂ふろ vocabulary.

寝ねる前まえに歯はを磨みがきます。 — I brush my teeth before bed. (polite, 磨みがく and not 洗あらう) 朝あさ、シャワーを浴あびてから出でかけます。 — In the morning I take a shower and then head out. (polite) お風呂ふろを洗あらっておいたよ。 — I cleaned the bathtub for you. (casual, here 洗あらう is about the tub, not about you)

Is 服ふくを洗あらう wrong? What about 洗濯せんたくする?

服ふくを洗あらう is not wrong. It just describes washing a specific item, often by hand or on its own. The everyday word for "doing the laundry" is 洗濯せんたくする, and it is a する-verb, so it needs no object.

今日きょうは洗濯せんたくをします。 — I'm doing the laundry today. (polite, the chore) 洗濯機せんたくきを回まわしておいて。 — Put the washing machine on, will you? (casual request) このセーターは手てで洗あらってください。 — Please wash this sweater by hand. (polite, a specific item) 洗濯物せんたくものを干ほします。 — I hang the washing out to dry. (polite, the next step)

So when a learner says 服ふくを洗あらう for "I did my laundry," the listener understands, but it sounds like a single piece of clothing in the sink. If you mean the weekly chore, say 洗濯せんたくする. For the clothing vocabulary itself, see clothes in Japanese.

What is お手洗てあらい, and is it the same as 手洗てあらい?

Both contain 手て (hand) and 洗あらう, which makes them confusing:

  • お手洗てあらい (おてあらい) is a polite word for the toilet. It is the "restroom" register, and you will see it on signs. It is a polite way of saying where you go to wash your hands, and over time it became the name for the room.
  • 手洗てあらい (てあらい) without お can also mean the toilet, but more often it means hand-washing, including washing clothes by hand.

お手洗てあらいはどこですか。 — Where is the restroom? (polite, the safe thing to say to staff) 手洗てあらいとうがいを忘わすれないでね。 — Don't forget to wash your hands and gargle. (casual, a reminder) 手洗てあらいしてください。 — Please hand-wash this. (polite, laundry label)

手洗てあらいうがい (hand-washing and gargling) is a real everyday habit in Japan. Schools and households teach it as a pair, especially when coming home from outside. Anime set in school often has a short scene where a character comes in and says "手洗てあらいうがいした?" The phrase sounds like a parent's voice, and it belongs to that world.

The word for the toilet changes a lot with the setting. In a restaurant or shop, お手洗てあらい is a safe choice. At home with friends, people usually just say トイレ.

What other words use 洗せん?

The kanji 洗せん appears in many compounds, and the meaning is easy to guess:

洗剤せんざいを買かい忘わすれた。 — I forgot to buy detergent. (casual, 洗剤せんざい = cleaning agent) 洗顔せんがんのあとに化粧水けしょうすいをつけます。 — After washing my face I put on lotion. (polite, 洗顔せんがん = face washing, skincare) 洗面所せんめんじょで顔かおを洗あらいます。 — I wash my face at the washstand. (polite, 洗面所せんめんじょ = washroom with a sink)

If your goal is "clean" in the general sense rather than "wash," a different verb takes over: 掃除そうじする for rooms and floors, and きれい for the state of being clean. That whole split is in clean in Japanese.

How to practise it

Narrate your day in Japanese for two minutes: what you wash, what you brush, what you take. Say 手てを洗あらう, 顔かおを洗あらう, 歯はを磨みがく, シャワーを浴あびる in order. The point is to make the verb come with its object as one block, instead of translating "wash" every time.

Then try the reverse when you watch something. When a character comes home, listen for 手洗てあらいうがい, 洗濯せんたく, or 洗あらい物もの, and notice which verb sits next to which noun.

Common mistakes

  • 歯はを洗あらう. The verb for teeth is 磨みがく: 歯はを磨みがく. 洗あらう is for the things you actually rinse.
  • Using 洗あらう for showers and baths. シャワーを浴あびる and お風呂ふろに入はいる are the set phrases. お風呂ふろを洗あらう means cleaning the tub.
  • Saying the negative as 洗あらあない. The う-verb rule gives 洗あらわない. The う becomes わ before ない.
  • Reading お手洗てあらい as "hand washing." In public it is the polite word for the toilet. 手洗てあらい without お is the one that often means hand-washing.
  • Dropping the object. 洗あらいます alone can leave a listener asking "what?" Unless it is obvious, name the thing: 手てを洗あらいます.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair — the same noun with two different verbs.

1. Say "I wash my hands" in polite Japanese.

Show answer

手てを洗あらいます — 洗あらう is a う-verb, and the masu form replaces う with います.

2. What is the te-form of 洗あらう, and why?

Show answer

洗あらって — verbs ending in う change to って, like 買かう → 買かって.

3. Say "I brush my teeth" naturally.

Show answer

歯はを磨みがきます — you polish teeth with 磨みがく, not wash them.

4. Why does 歯はを洗あらう sound strange?

Show answer

洗あらう is for rinsing things clean — it suggests teeth taken out and rinsed, which is why Japanese uses 磨みがく for brushing.

5. Make the plain negative of 洗あらう.

Show answer

洗あらわない — for う-verbs the う becomes わ before ない, not あ.

6. You want to say "I'm doing the laundry today" as a chore. Which verb?

Show answer

今日きょうは洗濯せんたくをします — 洗濯せんたくする is the chore. 服ふくを洗あらう would sound like one item washed.

7. Say "I take a shower" using the natural verb.

Show answer

シャワーを浴あびます — 浴あびる means to receive water over yourself, so 洗あらう is not used.

8. You are in a restaurant and need the restroom. What do you ask?

Show answer

お手洗てあらいはどこですか — お手洗てあらい is the polite word for the toilet.

9. What does 手洗てあらいうがい mean, and who says it?

Show answer

Hand-washing and gargling — a daily habit taught together, often said by parents and teachers when you come in from outside.

10. Ask someone politely to wash the vegetables, using the te-form.

Show answer

野菜やさいを洗あらってください — te-form 洗あらって plus ください makes a polite request.

In a 30-minute trial lesson, describe your morning with 手てを洗あらう, 顔かおを洗あらう, 歯はを磨みがく and 洗濯せんたくする, and ask when お手洗てあらい is the polite word to use.

FAQ

What is "wash" in Japanese hiragana? It is あらう. In the masu form it is あらいます, in the te-form あらって, and in the past tense あらった.

Is 洗あらう a ru-verb or a u-verb? It is a u-verb (group 1). The dictionary form ends in う, so the negative is 洗あらわない and the te-form is 洗あらって.

What is the difference between 洗あらう and 洗濯せんたくする? 洗あらう washes a thing: hands, dishes, a sweater. 洗濯せんたくする is the laundry chore as a whole, from the washing machine to hanging it out.

Can I use 洗あらう for taking a bath? No. You enter the bath: お風呂ふろに入はいる. 洗あらう appears when you wash your body (体からだを洗あらう) or hair (髪かみを洗あらう) inside it.

Is お手洗てあらい rude? No. It is the polite word for the toilet and the safe one to use with staff or strangers. トイレ is more casual and also very common.

How do I say "wash the dishes"? 皿さらを洗あらう is direct. Many people say 洗あらい物ものをする, which means "do the washing-up" in general.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

洗う	あらう — to wash
手	て — hand
顔	かお — face
皿	さら — dish, plate
野菜	やさい — vegetables
髪	かみ — hair
歯	は — tooth, teeth
磨く	みがく — to brush, to polish
浴びる	あびる — to take (a shower), to be showered with
洗濯する	せんたくする — to do the laundry
洗い物	あらいもの — the washing-up, dishes
お手洗い	おてあらい — restroom (polite)
手洗い	てあらい — hand-washing, restroom
洗濯物	せんたくもの — laundry, washing
洗剤	せんざい — detergent
洗面所	せんめんじょ — washroom, washstand

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about — including this one, which comes up in nearly every beginner's first few lessons. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

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