LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Clothes in Japanese: 服ふく (ふく), 着きる vs はく, 着替きがえる, 私服しふく, and 着物きもの

"Clothes" in Japanese is 服ふく (ふく), or 洋服ようふく (ようふく) for Western-style clothes. The tricky part is the verb for "wear": Japanese uses 着きる (きる) for things on your upper body, はく for pants, skirts, socks and shoes, and かぶる for hats. Taking clothes off is 脱ぬぐ (ぬぐ), changing clothes is 着替きがえる (きがえる), and traditional Japanese clothing is 着物きもの (きもの).

English has one verb, "wear", for everything. Japanese has several, chosen by where the item goes on your body. It sounds complicated, but it follows a simple logic, and getting it right instantly makes your Japanese sound natural. This post covers the clothing words and the wear verbs with plenty of examples.

How do you say "clothes" in Japanese?

What does 服ふく mean?

服ふく (ふく) is clothes or an outfit. 洋服ようふく (ようふく) is Western-style clothing, as opposed to 着物きもの.

新あたらしい服ふくを買かった。 — I bought new clothes. (casual) その服ふく、かわいいね。 — That outfit is cute. (casual)

For more compliments, see cute in Japanese.

How do you say "wear" for shirts and jackets?

着きる (きる) is for clothes on your upper body or whole body: shirts, jackets, dresses, coats.

今日きょうはセーターを着きている。 — I'm wearing a sweater today. (casual)

How do you say "wear" for pants and shoes?

はく is for things you put your legs into: pants, skirts, socks, shoes.

ジーンズをはいている。 — I'm wearing jeans. (casual) 靴くつをはいて出でかけた。 — I put on my shoes and went out. (casual)

What are the other wear verbs?

What do かぶる and つける mean?

かぶる is for hats and anything on your head. つける is for accessories like earrings, a watch or a mask (also かける for glasses).

帽子ぼうしをかぶっている。 — I'm wearing a hat. (casual) メガネをかけている。 — I'm wearing glasses. (casual)

Item Verb Example
shirt, coat, dress 着きる シャツを着きる
pants, skirt, socks, shoes はく ズボンをはく
hat かぶる 帽子ぼうしをかぶる
glasses かける メガネをかける
watch, earrings, mask つける 時計とけいをつける
tie しめる ネクタイをしめる

What do 脱ぬぐ and 着替きがえる mean?

脱ぬぐ (ぬぐ) is to take off clothes or shoes, and 着替きがえる (きがえる) is to change clothes.

家いえに入はいる前まえに靴くつを脱ぬいでください。 — Please take off your shoes before coming in. (polite) パジャマに着替きがえた。 — I changed into my pajamas. (casual)

What is 私服しふく?

私服しふく (しふく) is your own casual clothes, as opposed to a uniform.

先生せんせいの私服しふくを初はじめて見みた。 — I saw my teacher in casual clothes for the first time. (casual)

Beyond the basics

What is 着物きもの?

着物きもの (きもの) is traditional Japanese clothing. A lighter cotton version worn in summer and at festivals is 浴衣ゆかた (ゆかた).

夏祭なつまつりに浴衣ゆかたを着きていった。 — I wore a yukata to the summer festival. (casual)

How do you dress for the weather?

厚着あつぎ (あつぎ) is wearing lots of layers, and 薄着うすぎ (うすぎ) is dressing lightly. For weather words, see Japanese weather vocabulary.

寒さむいから厚着あつぎしていこう。 — It's cold, so let's bundle up. (casual)

What is 服屋ふくや?

服屋ふくや (ふくや) is a clothing store, and 古着ふるぎ屋や (ふるぎや) is a secondhand clothing store.

古着ふるぎ屋やでジャケットを見みつけた。 — I found a jacket at a secondhand clothing store. (casual)

How do you talk about fit?

きつい means tight, ゆるい means loose, and サイズが合あわない means "it doesn't fit". 似合にあう (にあう) means it suits you.

このズボン、ちょっときつい。 — These pants are a little tight. (casual) 試着しちゃくしてもいいですか? — May I try this on? (polite, in a shop)

試着しちゃく (しちゃく) is trying clothes on, and the fitting room is 試着室しちゃくしつ (しちゃくしつ). The 〜てもいいですか in 試着しちゃくしてもいいですか works with any verb, and te mo ii desu ka lists the answers, from a bare どうぞ to a trailing ちょっと今いまは… that means a soft no.

Common mistakes

  • Saying ズボンを着きる. Pants use はく: ズボンをはく.
  • Saying 帽子ぼうしを着きる. Hats use かぶる.
  • Saying メガネを着きる. Glasses use かける.
  • Saying 服ふくを取とる for taking clothes off. Use 脱ぬぐ.
  • Reading 着替きがえる as きかえる. It is きがえる.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: upper body versus legs.

1. Say "I bought new clothes."

Show answer

新あたらしい服ふくを買かった。 — 服ふく.

2. Compliment a friend's outfit casually.

Show answer

その服ふく、かわいいね。 — 服ふく.

3. Say "I'm wearing a sweater today."

Show answer

今日きょうはセーターを着きている。 — 着きる.

4. Say "I'm wearing jeans."

Show answer

ジーンズをはいている。 — はく. This is the pair to question 3.

5. Say "I'm wearing a hat."

Show answer

帽子ぼうしをかぶっている。 — かぶる.

6. Ask a guest politely to take off their shoes before coming in.

Show answer

家いえに入はいる前まえに靴くつを脱ぬいでください。 — 脱ぬぐ.

7. Say "I changed into my pajamas."

Show answer

パジャマに着替きがえた。 — 着替きがえる.

8. Say "I wore a yukata to the summer festival."

Show answer

夏祭なつまつりに浴衣ゆかたを着きていった。 — 浴衣ゆかた.

9. Say "It's cold, so let's bundle up."

Show answer

寒さむいから厚着あつぎしていこう。 — 厚着あつぎ.

10. Fix: スカートを着きている。

Show answer

スカートをはいている。 — skirts use はく.

Point at what you are wearing in a trial lesson and say it with 着きる, はく or かぶる until ズボンを着きる never slips out.

FAQ

How do you say "clothes" in Japanese? 服ふく (ふく).

How do you say "wear" in Japanese? 着きる for tops, はく for bottoms and shoes, かぶる for hats.

How do you say "take off clothes"? 脱ぬぐ (ぬぐ).

How do you say "change clothes"? 着替きがえる (きがえる).

What is 私服しふく? Your own casual clothes, not a uniform.

What is the difference between 着物きもの and 浴衣ゆかた? 浴衣ゆかた is a lighter cotton kimono for summer.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

服	ふく — clothes
洋服	ようふく — Western clothes
着る	きる — to wear (tops)
はく	はく — to wear (bottoms, shoes)
かぶる	かぶる — to wear (hats)
脱ぐ	ぬぐ — to take off
着替える	きがえる — to change clothes
私服	しふく — casual clothes
浴衣	ゆかた — summer kimono
厚着	あつぎ — wearing layers
古着屋	ふるぎや — secondhand clothing store
試着	しちゃく — trying on
きつい	きつい — tight

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 着きる versus はく is a lesson learners remember by pointing at their own body, and once it clicks, ズボンを着きる disappears from their Japanese for good. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

More “Objects, Food & Daily Life in Japanese” articles →

Want to try this in a real conversation?

30-minute trial lesson, $13. Times shown in your own timezone.

Practice it out loud with a Tokyo native. ★5.0 from 358 italki reviews.

See how the lessons work →

Book a trial lesson · $13