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N5Lesson notes · Oct 10, 2026

Vegetable in Japanese: how do you say 野菜やさい and name common vegetables?

Vegetable in Japanese is 野菜やさい (yasai), pronounced "ya-sa-i" with no long vowels and no っ — and it is not "のさい," which is the most common slip.

It is one of the first food words you meet, and it shows up all over menus, supermarket signs, and anime lunch scenes. This article covers the word itself, the polite お野菜やさい, the menu words built on it, a table of everyday vegetable names, and how to explain what you do and do not eat.

The basics

How do you say vegetable in Japanese?

野菜やさい (yasai). The first kanji 野の means "field" and the second 菜な means "greens," so it is literally "field greens." You say it with three even beats: ya-sa-i. There is nothing to stretch and nothing to squeeze.

野菜やさいを食たべます。 — I eat vegetables. (polite, a plain statement) 野菜やさいが好すきです。 — I like vegetables. (polite, a preference)

Notice the same pair as with any food word: 食たべる (to eat) takes を, and 好すき (to like) takes が. If you want the bigger picture of food vocabulary, start from 食べ物たべもの (たべもの), then see fruit in Japanese and meat in Japanese.

Is it 野菜やさい or お野菜やさい?

Both are correct, and お野菜やさい is the softer, more polite version. The お in front is a beautifying prefix. Shops, restaurants, and parents talking to children often use it. You do not need it to be polite, but you will hear it constantly.

お野菜やさいもちゃんと食たべてね。 — Eat your vegetables properly too. (casual, a parent or older person speaking gently) 新鮮しんせんな野菜やさいです。 — These are fresh vegetables. (polite, describing a shop's goods)

Use 野菜やさい for yourself in normal conversation. Save お野菜やさい for when you want a warm, gentle tone, or when you are echoing what a shop says.

How do you ask "Is there a vegetable dish?"

Use 野菜やさいの料理りょうり or the dish name, and ありますか. If you want a vegetable-based dish, just name it, or ask whether one exists.

野菜やさいの料理りょうりはありますか。 — Do you have a vegetable dish? (polite, asking at a restaurant) 野菜やさいだけでお願ねがいします。 — Just vegetables, please. (polite, asking for no meat)

If you are interested in how vegetables get cooked, cook in Japanese has the verbs for boiling, simmering and stir-frying.

Beyond the basics

What are the common menu words with 野菜やさい?

野菜やさい attaches to other words to name a dish. You will see it in front of dishes on almost any menu. Learn the pattern and you can read a lot of signs.

Menu word Reading Meaning
野菜やさいカレー やさいカレー vegetable curry
野菜炒やさいいため やさいいため stir-fried vegetables
野菜やさいサラダ やさいサラダ vegetable salad
野菜やさいスープ やさいスープ vegetable soup
野菜やさいジュース やさいジュース vegetable juice

The word 炒いため comes from the verb 炒いためる (to stir-fry), so 野菜炒やさいいため is simply "stir-fried vegetables." Because it is written as one compound, the pronunciation runs together: yasai-itame, with a quick join between the two.

野菜やさいカレーをください。 — A vegetable curry, please. (polite, ordering) 今日きょうは野菜炒やさいいためにします。 — I'll have the stir-fried vegetables today. (polite, choosing from a menu)

Be careful with one thing: a dish named 野菜やさい something does not always mean there is no meat. It tells you vegetables are the main part, but the sauce or stock may still contain meat or fish. More on that below.

What are the everyday vegetable names?

Nine names cover most of a supermarket's vegetable section. Some are written in hiragana, some in kanji, and some in katakana, because they came from other languages.

Vegetable Japanese Reading
carrot にんじん / 人参にんじん にんじん
onion たまねぎ / 玉たまねぎ たまねぎ
potato じゃがいも じゃがいも
cabbage キャベツ キャベツ
tomato トマト トマト
eggplant なす / 茄子なす なす
green pepper ピーマン ピーマン
green onion ねぎ ねぎ
daikon radish だいこん / 大根だいこん だいこん

A few notes on writing. キャベツ, トマト, and ピーマン are loanwords, so they are katakana. にんじん, たまねぎ, なす, and だいこん have kanji, but the hiragana is very common, and kanji can look intimidating on a label. じゃがいも is almost always hiragana.

玉たまねぎを切きります。 — I cut the onion. (polite, cooking) 大根だいこんおろしを作つくりました。 — I made grated daikon. (polite, past tense) スーパーでキャベツとトマトを買かいました。 — I bought cabbage and tomatoes at the supermarket. (polite, past tense)

A small word on ピーマン: it usually means the small green pepper. The big colorful ones are called パプリカ, so you will see two different names for what English speakers might call the same thing.

How do vegetables show up in anime?

As the food a child refuses. "I don't like vegetables" is a stock line for kid characters, and the usual villain on the plate is ピーマン. A parent or older sibling says something like "just one bite," and the child complains in a dramatic way.

ピーマンはきらい! — I hate green peppers! (casual, a child complaining) 野菜やさい、のこしちゃだめだよ。 — You can't leave your vegetables. (casual, a parent scolding gently) ひとくちだけでいいから食たべて。 — Just eat one bite, please. (casual, coaxing)

The ちゃ in のこしちゃだめ is the casual form of のこしては, and it is a very common way to say "you must not leave it." For more on this kind of fussiness, see picky eater in Japanese, which covers 好すき嫌きらい and the word for eating only what you like.

How do you say you don't eat meat?

Say 私わたしはベジタリアンです, then say what you do not eat. ベジタリアン is the loanword for vegetarian. It is understood, but many people hearing it do not know the details, so it helps to be specific.

私わたしはベジタリアンです。 — I am a vegetarian. (polite, introducing yourself) 肉にくと魚さかなは食たべません。 — I don't eat meat or fish. (polite, stating your choice) これにお肉にくは入はいっていますか。 — Does this have meat in it? (polite, asking)

Many dishes in Japan use fish-based stock, called だし. A soup or a simmered dish can look vegetable-only and still contain it. So the most useful question is often about the stock.

だしに魚さかなは入はいっていますか。 — Is there fish in the stock? (polite, asking about hidden ingredients)

Asking this one question can save you more trouble than saying ベジタリアン alone.

Common mistakes

  • Saying のさい or やさ. The word is やさい, three even beats. Practice it slowly and do not skip the middle さ.
  • Confusing 食たべない and 食たべられない. 野菜やさいを食たべない says you choose not to, or you are not eating it now. 野菜やさいを食たべられない says you cannot eat it, as in "I am unable to." Say the wrong one and a plain preference can sound like a serious problem.
  • Treating 野菜やさい dishes as automatically meat-free. 野菜炒やさいいため or 野菜やさいカレー can still use meat stock or sauce. Ask when it matters.
  • Mixing up を and が. 野菜やさいを食たべます is right, but 野菜やさいを好すきです is wrong. 好すき takes が: 野菜やさいが好すきです.
  • Thinking ピーマン covers every pepper. ピーマン is the small green one. The big colorful ones are パプリカ.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 2 and 3 are a pair, and so are 4 and 5.

1. Say "vegetable" in Japanese and write it in kanji.

Show answer

野菜やさい (やさい) — three even beats, ya-sa-i. The kanji mean "field" and "greens."

2. Say "I like vegetables."

Show answer

野菜やさいが好すきです — 好すき marks what you like with が, not を.

3. Say "I eat vegetables."

Show answer

野菜やさいを食たべます — 食たべる is an action verb, so the food takes を. This is the pair to question 2.

4. What does 野菜やさいを食たべない mean?

Show answer

I don't eat vegetables — 食たべない is the plain negative. It describes a choice or a habit and says nothing about ability. This is the pair to question 5.

5. What does 野菜やさいを食たべられない mean?

Show answer

I can't eat vegetables — 食たべられない is the "cannot" form, so it suggests an allergy, a problem, or a strong dislike. It sounds heavier than question 4.

6. Read this menu item aloud: 野菜炒やさいいため.

Show answer

やさいいため — 野菜やさい plus 炒いため, from 炒いためる, "to stir-fry." The result is "stir-fried vegetables."

7. Order a vegetable curry politely.

Show answer

野菜やさいカレーをください — を marks the thing you want, and ください means "please give me."

8. Which is the more polite, softer form of 野菜やさい?

Show answer

お野菜やさい — the お prefix makes it gentler. Shops and parents use it often.

9. You do not eat meat or fish. Say it politely.

Show answer

肉にくと魚さかなは食たべません — 食たべません is the polite negative, and は sets the two items against the rest. This is a choice, so 食たべません fits and 食たべられません does not.

10. A soup looks vegetable-only. What do you ask about the stock?

Show answer

だしに魚さかなは入はいっていますか — Japanese stock is often fish-based, so the stock is where the fish hides. A vegetable name on the menu does not guarantee a meat-free dish.

In a trial lesson, say 野菜やさい aloud with no long vowel and no っ, and order a 野菜炒やさいいため as if at a restaurant.

FAQ

Is it 野菜やさい or やさい? Both are fine. 野菜やさい is the normal spelling in text, and やさい is common in children's books or when a learner is practicing. The reading is always やさい.

Do I need お野菜やさい? No. 野菜やさい is polite enough in normal conversation. お野菜やさい is a softer, warmer version, often heard from shops and parents.

Is ピーマン the same as bell pepper? It usually means the small green pepper. The big colorful ones are パプリカ. In English the two overlap, but in Japanese the names split.

What is the difference between 食たべない and 食たべられない? 食たべない means you don't eat it, which can be a choice. 食たべられない means you can't, which suggests inability or a strong reason. Pick the one that matches what you mean.

Does 野菜やさいカレー have meat? Not necessarily in the main dish, but the base or sauce can contain meat or fish stock. If it matters, ask the staff directly.

How do I say "I'm a vegetarian" if the person does not know the word? Say ベジタリアンです, then add 肉にくと魚さかなは食たべません. The second sentence is the clear one.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab, and each line becomes one card.

野菜	やさい — vegetable
お野菜	おやさい — vegetable (polite, soft)
食べる	たべる — to eat
好き	すき — to like, liked
野菜炒め	やさいいため — stir-fried vegetables
野菜カレー	やさいカレー — vegetable curry
野菜サラダ	やさいサラダ — vegetable salad
野菜スープ	やさいスープ — vegetable soup
野菜ジュース	やさいジュース — vegetable juice
人参	にんじん — carrot
玉ねぎ	たまねぎ — onion
じゃがいも	じゃがいも — potato
キャベツ	キャベツ — cabbage
トマト	トマト — tomato
茄子	なす — eggplant
ピーマン	ピーマン — green pepper
パプリカ	パプリカ — bell pepper (colorful, large)
ねぎ	ねぎ — green onion
大根	だいこん — daikon radish
ベジタリアン	ベジタリアン — vegetarian
肉	にく — meat
魚	さかな — fish
だし	だし — soup stock
入っています	はいっています — to be in (it), to contain

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard in class and on screen — and "I don't like peppers" is a line you will hear in an anime kitchen sooner or later. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

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