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N4Lesson notes · Sep 30, 2026

Promise in Japanese: 約束やくそく, keeping it, breaking it, and when it just means 'plans

"Promise" in Japanese is 約束やくそく (やくそく), and you say it with する: 約束やくそくする, "to promise" — but the verbs around it are not the ones English uses, and 約束やくそく also quietly means "plans" or "an appointment with someone."

Most learners stop at the dictionary entry. That works until someone says 今日きょうは約束やくそくがあるんだ and you wonder who exactly promised what. This article covers the noun, the verb, the keep-and-break pair, the "pinky promise" culture, and the stronger words you hear in anime.

The basics

What is "promise" in Japanese?

The noun is 約束やくそく, and it covers both a promise you make and an arrangement you agree on. The verb is 約束やくそくする — the noun plus する, the same pattern as 勉強べんきょうする or 練習れんしゅうする.

約束やくそくします。 — I promise. (polite, a clear commitment) 約束やくそくする! — I promise! (casual, said to friends or family)

Notice there is no separate verb like "swear" or "vow" in the plain version. 約束やくそく is the neutral, everyday word, and it works from a child's mouth to a business meeting.

How do you say what you are promising?

Put the content before と約束やくそくする (quoted promise) or ことを約束やくそくする (formal, noun-style). Both are natural.

明日あしたは遅おくれないと約束やくそくします。 — I promise I won't be late tomorrow. (polite, quoted content) 毎日まいにち連絡れんらくすることを約束やくそくします。 — I promise to get in touch every day. (more formal, written-style) もう二度にどと嘘うそをつかないって約束やくそくする。 — I promise I'll never lie again. (casual, って replaces と)

If the ことを form feels familiar, that is the same こと that makes 〜ことにする work; see koto ni suru vs koto ni naru for how it turns a verb into a noun-like chunk. And if you want to say what you intend to do rather than swear it, つもり is the softer tool.

Which verbs go with 約束やくそく: keep and break?

This is where English speakers slip. English says "keep" and "break" a promise. Japanese does too, but with different verbs:

  • 約束やくそくを守まもる — to keep a promise (守まもる = to protect, to obey)
  • 約束やくそくを破やぶる — to break a promise (破やぶる = to tear, to rip)

彼かれは約束やくそくを守まもる人ひとです。 — He is a person who keeps his promises. (polite, praise) 約束やくそくを破やぶってごめんなさい。 — I'm sorry I broke my promise. (polite apology)

破やぶる is literally "to tear," the same verb you use for tearing paper. So a broken promise is a torn one — a nicely physical image, and a good way to remember it.

Beyond the basics

What do 約束やくそくだよ and 約束やくそくね mean?

They are the "promise me" tags at the end of a sentence. The だよ or ね turns 約束やくそく from a noun into a reminder, pressing the other person to commit.

絶対ぜったい来きてね。約束やくそくだよ。 — Be sure to come. It's a promise, okay? (casual, friends) じゃあ、約束やくそくね。 — Okay, then it's a deal. (casual, sealing an arrangement)

Because it is a noun sentence with だ, 約束やくそくだ on its own also sounds firm and a bit dramatic. Anime characters say 約束やくそくだ to close a scene, usually just before parting ways.

What is 指ゆび切きりげんまん?

指ゆび切きりげんまん is the pinky promise. Two people hook their little fingers, swing them, and sing a short rhyme, mostly as children. The first line is just the name of the gesture, 指ゆび切きりげんまん, and the rest of the rhyme is a playful threat about what happens to the one who lies. You do not need the lyrics to use the word.

指ゆび切きりしよう。 — Let's pinky-promise. (casual, said to a child or friend) 指ゆび切きりげんまん、約束やくそくね。 — Pinky swear, it's a promise. (casual, playful)

Adults use it half as a joke. It shows up in anime whenever a character wants a promise to feel childlike and sincere at once, which is why the scene often returns years later in the story.

Why does 約束やくそくがある mean "I have plans"?

Because 約束やくそく is any arrangement you have agreed with another person. If you have a meeting, a lunch date, or a call fixed with someone, that is a 約束やくそく.

今日きょうは友ともだちと約束やくそくがあるんだ。 — I have plans with a friend today. (casual, declining an invitation) 明日あしたの夜よるは先約せんやくがあります。 — I already have something arranged for tomorrow night. (polite, 先約せんやく = a prior engagement)

The phrase is a polite way to decline without giving details, since it says "I'm busy" without saying why. In English you would say "I have plans"; do not translate it as "I have a promise," which sounds like you owe someone something.

Watch the neighbour word: 予約よやく (よやく) is a reservation with a business (a restaurant, a doctor, a hotel), while 約束やくそく is a commitment with a person. If you are rescheduling, how to reschedule in Japanese covers the request, and how to cancel a reservation in Japanese covers the 予約よやく side.

How do you make a promise stronger?

Add a word. Two of them are everywhere.

必かならず戻もどってくる。約束やくそくする。 — I'll definitely come back. I promise. (casual, 必かならず = without fail) 絶対ぜったいに裏切うらぎらない。 — I will never betray you. (casual, 絶対ぜったいに = absolutely, with a negative)

必かならず means "without fail" and looks forward to a result. 絶対ぜったい means "absolutely" and is at home in both a strong yes (絶対行ぜったいいく) and a strong no (絶対ぜったいにしない). In real speech they stack: 絶対ぜったい、必かならず約束やくそくする.

What about 誓ちかう, the anime word?

誓ちかう (ちかう) is "to swear" or "to vow." It is heavier than 約束やくそく and appears in writing, ceremonies, and above all in anime, where a character swears on something bigger than themselves.

必かならず強つよくなると誓ちかう。 — I swear I will get stronger. (serious, spoken as a vow) 君きみを守まもると誓ちかいます。 — I vow to protect you. (polite-formal, romantic or heroic)

You would rarely say 誓ちかいます to a friend about a lunch date; it would sound theatrical. Reserve it for a truly serious moment, or for reading and watching.

Common mistakes

  • Using 守まもる and 破やぶる the English way round. English says "keep" and "break," but if you reach for 持もつ or 壊こわす, the sentence sounds wrong. The pair is 守まもる and 破やぶる.
  • Translating "I have plans" as 予約よやくがある. That means you have a reservation. For plans with people, use 約束やくそくがある; for a general schedule, 予定よていがある also works.
  • Saying 誓ちかう for everyday promises. 明日あした、電話でんわすると誓ちかう about a phone call sounds like you are on a stage.
  • Forgetting the quoted と. 遅おくれない約束やくそくする is missing the と; the natural form is 遅おくれないと約束やくそくする.

Expression map

Expression Meaning Example
約束やくそく promise; arrangement 約束やくそくは約束やくそくだ
約束やくそくする to promise 毎日まいにち連絡れんらくすると約束やくそくする
約束やくそくを守まもる to keep a promise 彼かれは約束やくそくを守まもる
約束やくそくを破やぶる to break a promise 約束やくそくを破やぶってごめん
約束やくそくだよ / 約束やくそくね "promise, okay?" (reminder) 絶対ぜったい来きてね。約束やくそくだよ
指ゆび切きりげんまん pinky promise 指ゆび切きりしよう
約束やくそくがある to have plans 今日きょうは約束やくそくがある
必かならず / 絶対ぜったい without fail / absolutely 必かならず行いく、絶対行ぜったいいく
誓ちかう to swear, to vow 強つよくなると誓ちかう

FAQ

What is the most common way to say "I promise" in Japanese? 約束やくそくします in polite speech and 約束やくそくする or 約束やくそくだよ in casual speech. Add 必かならず or 絶対ぜったい to make it firmer.

Is 約束やくそく the same as 予定よてい? Overlapping, but not identical. 予定よてい is any plan or schedule, including things you do alone. 約束やくそく needs another person, so 今日きょうは約束やくそくがある implies you are meeting someone.

Can 約束やくそく mean "appointment"? Yes, for an arrangement with a person, like a meeting or a lunch. For a doctor or a hairdresser you would normally use 予約よやく.

Is 誓ちかう stronger than 約束やくそくする? Yes. 誓ちかう is a vow, closer to "swear," and it feels serious or dramatic. In everyday speech, 約束やくそくする is the right choice.

Do adults really say 指ゆび切きりげんまん? Mostly with children, or as a joke between friends. Anime uses it to signal an innocent, sincere promise.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 4 and 5 are a pair — the same noun, two different meanings.

1. Say "I promise I won't be late tomorrow" in polite Japanese.

Show answer

明日あしたは遅おくれないと約束やくそくします — the quoted content plus と約束やくそくします.

2. Which verb means "to keep a promise": 持もつ, 守まもる or 破やぶる?

Show answer

約束やくそくを守まもる — 守まもる means to protect or obey. 破やぶる is its opposite, "to break."

3. Say "I'm sorry I broke my promise."

Show answer

約束やくそくを破やぶってごめんなさい — 破やぶる literally means "to tear," so a broken promise is a torn one.

4. A friend invites you out tonight and you already have a lunch date with a colleague. How do you say "I have plans today"?

Show answer

今日きょうは約束やくそくがある — 約束やくそく covers any arrangement with another person, so it works as "I have plans."

5. You booked a table at a restaurant. Do you say 約束やくそく or 予約よやく?

Show answer

予約よやく — a reservation with a business is 予約よやく. 約束やくそく is a commitment with a person. This is the pair to question 4.

6. What does 約束やくそくだよ add, compared with plain 約束やくそく?

Show answer

A reminder that presses for commitment — だよ turns the noun into "it's a promise, okay?"

7. Which is more theatrical for a promise to a friend to call tomorrow: 約束やくそくする or 誓ちかう?

Show answer

誓ちかう — it is a vow, heavy and dramatic. 約束やくそくする is the neutral, everyday choice.

8. Fix the sentence: 遅おくれない約束やくそくする。

Show answer

遅おくれないと約束やくそくする — the content being promised needs the quoting と before 約束やくそくする.

9. Add a word to make 約束やくそくする mean "I definitely promise, without fail."

Show answer

必かならず約束やくそくする — 必かならず means "without fail." 絶対ぜったい also works for "absolutely."

Use a trial lesson to make a promise with 約束やくそくする, keep or break it with 守まもる and 破やぶる, and say you have a 約束やくそく on Friday.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

約束	やくそく — promise; arrangement
約束する	やくそくする — to promise
守る	まもる — to keep, to protect
破る	やぶる — to break, to tear
指切りげんまん	ゆびきりげんまん — pinky promise
先約	せんやく — a prior engagement
予約	よやく — reservation
必ず	かならず — without fail
絶対	ぜったい — absolutely
誓う	ちかう — to swear, to vow
遅れる	おくれる — to be late
裏切る	うらぎる — to betray

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about — including this one, where 約束やくそくがある trips up learners because it sounds like a promise. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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