LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Lesson notes · Sep 27, 2026

Prejudice in Japanese: 偏見へんけん, 先入観せんにゅうかん and 決きめつける

"Prejudice" in Japanese is 偏見へんけん (へんけん, henken): a biased, usually unfair view of a group or a person. 先入観せんにゅうかん (せんにゅうかん, sennyuukan) is softer — a preconception you had before you knew the facts, which isn't always negative. And the verb learners need most is 決きめつける (きめつける), "to decide something about someone without asking."

In conversation, the most useful phrase isn't about prejudice at all. It is 先入観せんにゅうかんを持もたずに, "without preconceptions" — the polite way to say you tried to keep an open mind.

The basics

What does 偏見へんけん mean?

偏見へんけん is 偏へん (lean, tilt) + 見み (view): "a tilted view." It is used for prejudice about nationality, gender, age, appearance, hobbies, and anything else people are judged by. When a biased view turns into unfair treatment, the word is 差別さべつ, which discrimination in Japanese separates from the neutral 区別くべつ.

外国人がいこくじんに対たいする偏見へんけんは、まだある。 — Prejudice against foreigners still exists. (neutral, a discussion) オタクに偏見へんけんを持もっている人ひとも多おおい。 — Many people have a prejudice against otaku. (neutral)

The verb pattern is 偏見へんけんを持もつ (to hold a prejudice). You 持もつ it like an object you carry around.

What does 先入観せんにゅうかん mean?

先入観せんにゅうかん is 先さき (before) + 入にゅう (enter) + 観かん (view): "a view that got in first." It is what you believed before you saw for yourself. It can be negative, positive, or just wrong.

先入観せんにゅうかんを持もたずに見みてほしい。 — I want you to watch it without any preconceptions. (casual, recommending a show) 日本にほんは物価ぶっかが高たかいという先入観せんにゅうかんがあった。 — I had assumed Japan would be expensive. (neutral, a traveler's impression)

The second sentence is a very common thing to say after visiting Japan for the first time. It admits your assumption without sounding judgmental.

How are 偏見へんけん and 先入観せんにゅうかん different?

偏見へんけん 先入観せんにゅうかん
Meaning Prejudice, bias Preconception
Tone Negative, a moral problem Neutral, just an assumption
About Groups of people, usually Anything: places, food, shows, people
Typical phrase 偏見へんけんをなくす 先入観せんにゅうかんを捨すてる

Calling someone's opinion 偏見へんけん is a criticism. Saying you had a 先入観せんにゅうかん is just honest.

Beyond the basics

What does 決きめつける mean?

決きめつける is "to decide firmly" — but in daily use it means jumping to a conclusion about someone without evidence, and it almost always carries a complaint.

勝手かってに決きめつけないで。 — Don't just assume things about me. (casual, a little annoyed) 最初さいしょから無理むりだと決きめつけていた。 — I had decided from the start that it was impossible. (casual, admitting a mistake)

If a friend guesses something wrong about you, 決きめつけないで is the natural pushback. It is the everyday, personal version of 偏見へんけん.

What does 偏かたよった mean?

The 偏へん in 偏見へんけん is also a verb, 偏かたよる (かたよる), "to lean to one side." Its past form 偏かたよった works like an adjective for anything unbalanced, and it is often easier to use than 偏見へんけん itself.

それはちょっと偏かたよった意見いけんだと思おもう。 — I think that's a slightly one-sided opinion. (casual, softer than calling it 偏見へんけん) 最近さいきん、食事しょくじが偏かたよっている。 — My diet has been unbalanced lately. (neutral)

The second sentence is the same 偏へん as in 偏食へんしょく, an unbalanced diet. Once you notice the kanji, you start seeing it in news, health advice and debates.

What is 固定観念こていかんねん?

固定観念こていかんねん (こていかんねん) is a fixed idea, close to "stereotype" or "a rigid way of thinking." It is common in discussions about gender roles, work culture and education.

「男おとこは泣なくな」という固定観念こていかんねんは古ふるい。 — The idea that men shouldn't cry is outdated. (neutral, an opinion)

For a stereotype about a specific group, ステレオタイプ is also used, especially in writing.

What does 色眼鏡いろめがねで見みる mean?

色眼鏡いろめがね (いろめがね) is "tinted glasses." 色眼鏡いろめがねで見みる means to look at someone through a biased lens: judging them by their background instead of who they are.

派手はでな見た目みためだけで、色眼鏡いろめがねで見みられることが多おおい。 — People often judge me just by my flashy appearance. (neutral)

It is an idiom, so it sounds a little literary, but you will hear it in dramas and interviews. For more fixed phrases like this, see Japanese idioms.

How does 食わず嫌くわずぎらい connect?

食わず嫌くわずぎらい (くわずぎらい) literally means refusing food you have never tasted, but it is used for any kind of dismissing without trying — a genre, a hobby, even a person. It is the gentle, everyday version of 先入観せんにゅうかん, often used about yourself.

アニメは食わず嫌くわずぎらいだった。 — I had written anime off without really trying it. (casual)

For the full story of this phrase, see picky eater in Japanese.

How do you talk about keeping an open mind?

The positive side is just as useful:

  • 先入観せんにゅうかんを持もたずに — without preconceptions
  • 偏見へんけんなく — without prejudice
  • フラットに見みる — to see it neutrally (casual, borrowed from English "flat")

偏見へんけんなく、いろいろな人ひとと話はなしたい。 — I want to talk to all kinds of people without prejudice. (polite, a self-introduction goal)

How do you push back gently on a biased comment?

Sooner or later someone will say something like "people from your country are all…" Calling it 偏見へんけん to their face is strong. Japanese has softer ways to push back:

  • 人ひとによると思おもうよ。 — I think it depends on the person. (casual, the most common)
  • 一概いちがいには言いえないですね。 — You can't really generalize. (polite, a little formal)
  • それはちょっと偏見へんけんじゃない? — Isn't that a bit of a stereotype? (casual, with a smile)

日本人にほんじんはみんな静しずかって言いうけど、人ひとによると思おもうよ。 — People say all Japanese people are quiet, but I think it depends on the person. (casual)

The ちょっと in the third line matters. It turns an accusation into a light tease, which keeps the conversation friendly. For more ways to disagree without starting a fight, see how to disagree politely.

Common mistakes

  • Calling a small assumption 偏見へんけん. If you thought a shop would be closed and it was open, that is not 偏見へんけん. It was just a 思い込おもいこみ (assumption) or 先入観せんにゅうかん.
  • Saying 偏見へんけんをする. 偏見へんけん is something you have: 偏見へんけんを持もつ. There is no 偏見へんけんする.
  • Using 決きめつける neutrally. It sounds like a complaint. For a neutral "decide," use 決きめる.
  • Dropping the negative in 先入観せんにゅうかんを持もたずに. 先入観せんにゅうかんを持もって見みて means "watch it with your preconceptions," the opposite of what you meant.
  • Using 差別さべつ for prejudice. 差別さべつ (さべつ) is discrimination, the action. 偏見へんけん is the attitude behind it.

Practice

Answers are hidden — try your own sentence first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: a harsh bias and a harmless assumption.

1. "There is still prejudice against people with tattoos." (neutral)

Show answer

タトゥーがある人ひとへの偏見へんけんは、まだある。 — an unfair view of a group of people: 偏見へんけん.

2. "I had assumed Japanese food would be too salty for me." (neutral)

Show answer

日本にほんの料理りょうりは塩辛しおからいという先入観せんにゅうかんがあった。 — a harmless assumption before you tried it: 先入観せんにゅうかん.

3. "Please watch it without preconceptions." (polite)

Show answer

先入観せんにゅうかんを持もたずに見みてください。 — ず is "without," so 持もたずに is "without holding."

4. "Don't just assume things about me." (casual)

Show answer

勝手かってに決きめつけないで。 — 決きめつける is jumping to a conclusion about someone.

5. Fix this: 彼かれは外国人がいこくじんに偏見へんけんをしている。

Show answer

彼かれは外国人がいこくじんに偏見へんけんを持もっている。 — 偏見へんけん is held, not done: 持もつ.

6. "The idea that women should stay home is outdated." (neutral)

Show answer

「女性じょせいは家いえにいるべき」という固定観念こていかんねんは古ふるい。 — a rigid idea about roles: 固定観念こていかんねん.

7. "People judge me by my appearance." (neutral, using the idiom)

Show answer

見た目みためで色眼鏡いろめがねで見みられる。 — 色眼鏡いろめがねで見みる is to look through biased glasses. The passive shows it happens to you.

8. "I want to talk to people without prejudice." (polite)

Show answer

偏見へんけんなく、人ひとと話はなしたいです。 — なく turns 偏見へんけん into "without prejudice."

9. You thought a shop would be closed and it was open. Is 偏見へんけん the right word?

Show answer

No — 思い込おもいこみ or 先入観せんにゅうかん. — 偏見へんけん is for unfair views of people, not small mistakes.

In a trial lesson, talk about a 先入観せんにゅうかん you had before visiting somewhere, and use 決きめつける for the habit of judging too fast.

FAQ

Is 偏見へんけん a strong word? Yes. It points to a moral problem. Use it for real bias, not for small misunderstandings.

What is 思い込おもいこみ? 思い込おもいこみ (おもいこみ) is a belief you got stuck on, often wrongly: "I was convinced that…" It is the most casual of these words. 思い込おもいこみが激はげしい means someone jumps to conclusions a lot.

How do you say "stereotype"? ステレオタイプ or 固定観念こていかんねん. In conversation, people often describe it instead: 〜人ひとはみんな〜だと思おもわれている.

Is 差別さべつ the same as 偏見へんけん? No. 偏見へんけん is the attitude. 差別さべつ is treating people unfairly because of it. Prejudice can lead to discrimination, but they are separate words.

How do you say "open-minded"? 心こころが広ひろい (generous, tolerant) or 柔軟じゅうなん (じゅうなん, flexible thinking). 偏見へんけんがない人ひと also works.

What is the verb for "get rid of a preconception"? 先入観せんにゅうかんを捨すてる (throw away) or 偏見へんけんをなくす (make it disappear).

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

偏見	へんけん — prejudice, bias
先入観	せんにゅうかん — preconception
決めつける	きめつける — to jump to a conclusion about someone
固定観念	こていかんねん — fixed idea, stereotype
色眼鏡	いろめがね — tinted glasses; biased view
思い込み	おもいこみ — assumption, conviction
差別	さべつ — discrimination
食わず嫌い	くわずぎらい — dismissing without trying
ステレオタイプ	ステレオタイプ — stereotype
捨てる	すてる — to throw away
物価	ぶっか — prices, cost of living
見た目	みため — appearance
派手	はで — flashy
勝手に	かってに — on one's own, without asking
心が広い	こころがひろい — open-minded, generous
柔軟	じゅうなん — flexible
一概に	いちがいに — in general, sweepingly
人による	ひとによる — to depend on the person
偏る	かたよる — to lean to one side, to be unbalanced

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 先入観せんにゅうかんを持もたずに tends to come up when a learner describes the first time they visited Japan and how different it was from what they expected — it is a good phrase to have ready, because that story comes up in almost every conversation with a new Japanese friend.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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