LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Lesson notes · Oct 2, 2026

Nervous in Japanese: 緊張きんちょうする, ドキドキ, and the words around them

"Nervous" in Japanese is 緊張きんちょうする (きんちょうする) — and the sentence you want right now is 緊張きんちょうしている, "I'm nervous."

English uses one word, "nervous", for a dozen different feelings. Japanese splits them. Your muscles are tight before a big moment: 緊張きんちょう. Your heart is pounding: ドキドキ. You froze in front of an audience: あがる. You are afraid the result will be bad: 不安ふあん. Pick the right one and you sound like a native speaker; pick the wrong one and you say something slightly odd.

The basics

How do you say "I'm nervous" in Japanese?

Say 緊張きんちょうしている (きんちょうしている) for "I'm nervous right now," or 緊張きんちょうする when you are looking ahead at an event that has not happened yet. 緊張きんちょう means tension, and する turns it into a verb, so the literal idea is "to be tense."

緊張きんちょうしています。 — I'm nervous. (polite, you are in the moment) めっちゃ緊張きんちょうしてる。 — I'm so nervous. (casual, to a friend, しています shrinks to してる) 明日あしたのことを考かんがえると、緊張きんちょうする。 — When I think about tomorrow, I get nervous. (plain form, describing a general reaction)

Notice that 緊張きんちょう is a physical word. It points at the tight shoulders and the dry mouth, not at a vague worry in the back of your mind.

What is the difference between 緊張きんちょうする, 緊張きんちょうしている and 緊張きんちょうした?

They are three different moments on a timeline:

Form Moment Typical sentence
緊張きんちょうする Before, or in general ("I get nervous") 面接めんせつの前まえは、いつも緊張きんちょうする。
緊張きんちょうしている Right now, the state is ongoing 今いま、すごく緊張きんちょうしている。
緊張きんちょうした Past, it already happened 昨日きのうの発表はっぴょうは緊張きんちょうした。

The reason 緊張きんちょうしている is the default for "I'm nervous" is that nervousness is a state you are in, not a one-second action. This is the same logic as 結婚けっこんしている ("is married"): the ている form describes a state that started and is still going. If that idea is new, the 〜ている state-versus-action article explains it properly.

Compare 緊張きんちょうする and 緊張きんちょうしている side by side:

試験しけんの前まえは緊張きんちょうする。 — I get nervous before exams. (general habit, plain form) 今いま、試験しけんの前まえで緊張きんちょうしている。 — I'm nervous right now, just before the exam. (you are living it)

A learner often asks why 緊張きんちょうする can mean "I will be nervous." It does not quite say that. It says "nervousness happens to me," and the context (an event is coming) supplies the future.

What does 緊張感きんちょうかん mean?

緊張感きんちょうかん (きんちょうかん) is the "tension" in a situation, not a person's feeling. You use it for a room, a match, a scene in a movie.

会議室かいぎしつに緊張感きんちょうかんがあった。 — There was tension in the meeting room. (the atmosphere itself) この映画えいがは、最後さいごまで緊張感きんちょうかんが続つづく。 — The tension in this movie lasts to the very end. (about a work, not a person)

If you say 私わたしは緊張感きんちょうかんがあります, it sounds odd, like "I possess tension." For your own feeling, go back to 緊張きんちょうしている.

Beyond the basics

What is ドキドキ and how is it different from 緊張きんちょう?

ドキドキ is the sound of a heart pounding, an onomatopoeia (see Japanese onomatopoeia for how this whole family works). It describes the body, and it covers two very different feelings: fear and excitement.

発表はっぴょうの前まえ、心臓しんぞうがドキドキした。 — My heart pounded before the presentation. (nerves) 彼女かのじょの顔かおを見みると、ドキドキする。 — My heart pounds when I see her face. (romantic excitement)

So ドキドキ is not "nervous" by itself. It is "my heart is racing," and the context decides whether it is dread or a crush. 緊張きんちょう never carries the romantic meaning. If you tell your crush 緊張きんちょうしている, it just says you are tense.

You can also stack them: 緊張きんちょうして、ドキドキしている. "I'm nervous and my heart is pounding." That is natural and common.

What does it sound like in anime?

ドキドキ is everywhere in romance anime, because it is the sound of a character realizing they like someone. A heroine's hand touches the hero's, a narrator line says 心臓しんぞうがドキドキして止とまらない ("my heart won't stop pounding"), and you know what the scene is about without any confession.

心臓しんぞうがドキドキして、止とまらない。 — My heart is pounding and won't stop. (inner monologue, romance scene) な、なんでこんなにドキドキするの? — W-why is my heart pounding like this? (a character who just noticed her feelings)

Sports and battle anime use 緊張きんちょう instead: the tournament final, the last-second shot, the enemy standing across from you. The word is a good clue about genre. Romance scene: ドキドキ. Showdown: 緊張きんちょう.

What does あがる mean?

あがる (上あがる) in this sense means "to freeze up from stage fright." It is narrower than 緊張きんちょう: you are in front of people, and your mind goes white and your voice shakes. You usually say it about performing or speaking.

人前ひとまえで話はなすと、あがってしまう。 — I get stage fright when I speak in front of people. (a habit, てしまう adds "I can't help it") 本番ほんばんであがって、頭あたまが真っ白まっしろになった。 — I froze up on the day and my mind went blank. (past, a real performance)

The difference is practical. In a quiet waiting room, you are 緊張きんちょうしている. Once the spotlight is on you and your head is empty, you あがっている. 緊張きんちょう is the cause, あがる is a result.

How is 不安ふあん different from nervous?

不安ふあん (ふあん) is "anxiety about how things will turn out." 緊張きんちょう is the tense body in the moment; 不安ふあん is the worried mind looking ahead. You can have one without the other.

結果けっかが出でるまで、不安ふあんだった。 — I was anxious until the result came out. (waiting, nothing to do but worry) 面接めんせつの前まえは緊張きんちょうするけど、不安ふあんはない。 — I get tense before interviews, but I'm not anxious. (you can be tense and still confident)

A rough test: if the feeling disappears the second the event starts, it was 緊張きんちょう. If it stays because you don't know the outcome, it was 不安ふあん. Our article on feeling uneasy, 違和感いわかん covers a third neighbor, the "something feels off" kind of unease.

And 心配しんぱい?

心配しんぱい (しんぱい) is worry about something specific or someone: your friend's health, a missed train, a child out late. It faces outward, toward a thing or a person.

友ともだちのことが心配しんぱいです。 — I'm worried about my friend. (about a person) 電車でんしゃに間に合まにあうか心配しんぱいだ。 — I'm worried whether I'll make the train. (about a specific thing)

You would not use 心配しんぱい for "I'm nervous about my speech" in most cases, because you are not worried about the speech as an object; your body is tight. 緊張きんちょう fits. For the full picture of 心配しんぱい, see worried in Japanese: 心配しんぱい.

What is the casual way to say "scared" or "chickened out"?

びびる is casual slang for being startled or scared off, and it often means losing your nerve. It is a friend-to-friend word and sounds rude to a teacher or boss.

ジェットコースターの前まえで、びびってる。 — I'm freaking out in front of the roller coaster. (casual, mild fear) 最後さいごの最後さいごでびびって、言いえなかった。 — At the very last moment I chickened out and couldn't say it. (casual, past, lost nerve)

びびる is about fear and backing down, not general tension. If someone says あいつ、びびってるよ, they are teasing: "he's scared."

How do you tell someone not to be nervous?

Use 緊張きんちょうしないで ("don't be nervous") or the softer リラックスして ("relax"). Both are te-form requests.

緊張きんちょうしないで。大丈夫だいじょうぶだよ。 — Don't be nervous. It'll be fine. (casual, to a friend) リラックスして、楽たのしんで。 — Relax and enjoy it. (casual, encouraging) 緊張きんちょうしなくていいですよ。 — You don't need to be nervous. (polite, to a student or newcomer)

Teachers and interviewers prefer 緊張きんちょうしなくていいですよ, the "you don't have to" form, because it sounds like permission rather than an order.

How do you say your nerves went away?

緊張きんちょうがほぐれる (きんちょうがほぐれる) means the tension loosens, like a knot coming undone. ほぐす is the one you do to someone else.

先生せんせいが笑わらってくれて、緊張きんちょうがほぐれた。 — When the teacher smiled, my nerves eased. (the tension loosened on its own) 冗談じょうだんで、みんなの緊張きんちょうをほぐした。 — He broke everyone's tension with a joke. (an action on other people)

This is a kind, useful phrase for teachers, hosts and anyone running a meeting.

What about job interviews and a first lesson?

These are the two situations where you will use 緊張きんちょう the most, and both come with set phrases.

面接めんせつは、とても緊張きんちょうしました。 — The interview made me very nervous. (polite, looking back) 今日きょうは緊張きんちょうしていますが、よろしくお願ねがいします。 — I'm a little nervous today, but please treat me kindly. (polite, a natural opening line) 初はじめてのレッスンなので、少すこし緊張きんちょうしています。 — It's my first lesson, so I'm a little nervous. (polite, to a new teacher)

Saying you are nervous is not a weakness in Japanese. It is a polite, humble way to start. For more interview language see Japanese job interview phrases. If you are preparing for a first session with a teacher, what happens in a first lesson walks you through it so there is less to be nervous about.

How do the words compare side by side?

Here is the whole family on one page.

Word Feeling Use it when
緊張きんちょうする Tense body Before an event, interview, lesson
ドキドキ Pounding heart Nerves or a crush
あがる Stage fright In front of people, mind blank
不安ふあん Anxious mind You don't know the outcome
心配しんぱい Worry about something A person or a specific problem
びびる Scared, lost nerve Casual, with friends

Common mistakes

  • Using 緊張感きんちょうかん for yourself. 緊張感きんちょうかんがある describes a room or a scene. For your own feeling use 緊張きんちょうしている.
  • Using 緊張きんちょうする to mean "I'm nervous right now" only. The plain form is fine for a habit or a coming event, but for a state you are in at this moment, 緊張きんちょうしている is the natural one.
  • Treating ドキドキ as always romantic. It is just a pounding heart. A job interview can give you ドキドキ too.
  • Confusing 不安ふあん and 緊張きんちょう. Worrying about an unknown result is 不安ふあん; a tense body before the moment is 緊張きんちょう.
  • Using 心配しんぱい for your own stage fright. 心配しんぱい faces outward at a person or problem, so 発表はっぴょうが心配しんぱいだ means "I'm worried about how the presentation will go," not "I'm nervous."
  • Saying びびる to your boss. It is slang and can sound childish or rude.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair, and so are 5 and 6.

1. How do you say "I'm nervous" right now, politely?

Show answer

緊張きんちょうしています — nervousness is a state you are in, so the ている form fits; しています is the polite version.

2. Which is better for "I always get nervous before exams": 緊張きんちょうする or 緊張きんちょうした?

Show answer

緊張きんちょうする — a general habit uses the plain present form; 緊張きんちょうした would be one specific past time.

3. Your heart pounds before a speech. Which word describes it?

Show answer

ドキドキ — it describes the body, the heartbeat, and works for nerves.

4. Your heart pounds when you see someone you like. Is 緊張きんちょう the right word?

Show answer

No, use ドキドキ — 緊張きんちょう only means tense; it never carries the romantic meaning, while ドキドキ can mean either nerves or a crush.

5. You froze on stage and your mind went blank. Which verb?

Show answer

あがる — it means stage fright, the result of the tension, in front of people.

6. You are anxious while waiting for an exam result. Which word?

Show answer

不安ふあん — it is anxiety about the unknown outcome. 緊張きんちょう is the tense body; this is the worried mind.

7. Say "I'm worried about my friend."

Show answer

友ともだちのことが心配しんぱいです — 心配しんぱい faces outward at a specific person, which is why it takes のことが.

8. Tell a friend, casually, "Don't be nervous."

Show answer

緊張きんちょうしないで — the negative te-form is a casual request. A softer option is リラックスして.

9. What does 会議室かいぎしつに緊張感きんちょうかんがあった describe?

Show answer

Tension in the room — 緊張感きんちょうかん is the atmosphere of a place or scene, not one person's feeling.

10. How do you say "My nerves eased when the teacher smiled"?

Show answer

先生せんせいが笑わらってくれて、緊張きんちょうがほぐれた — 緊張きんちょうがほぐれる means the tension loosens on its own; the ほぐれる intransitive fits because you did not do it yourself.

In a 30-minute trial lesson, say 緊張きんちょうしています as you would before a presentation or an interview, and describe the ドキドキ that comes with it.

FAQ

Is 緊張きんちょうする the same as "nervous" in English? Close, but not identical. 緊張きんちょう is tension in the body in front of an event. English "nervous" can also mean anxious, which is 不安ふあん in Japanese.

Can I say 緊張きんちょうしています to my teacher? Yes. It is polite and is a normal way to start a first lesson or an interview, often with よろしくお願ねがいします.

What is the difference between ドキドキ and ワクワク? ドキドキ is a pounding heart, from fear or love. ワクワク is happy excitement, looking forward to something. A good exam gives you ワクワク; a hard one gives you ドキドキ.

How do I say "I get nervous easily"? 緊張きんちょうしやすい (きんちょうしやすい) — する-stem plus やすい, "easy to." 私わたしは緊張きんちょうしやすいタイプです means "I'm the kind of person who gets nervous easily."

Is あがる the same as 緊張きんちょう? No. あがる is stage fright, a narrower result of tension when facing people. You can be 緊張きんちょうしている in a waiting room without あがっている.

Is びびる rude? Not rude with friends, but it is slang. Don't say it to a boss or a teacher about yourself or someone else.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

緊張	きんちょう — tension, nervousness
緊張する	きんちょうする — to be nervous
緊張感	きんちょうかん — tension (of a place or scene)
ドキドキ	ドキドキ — heart pounding
あがる	あがる — to get stage fright
不安	ふあん — anxiety, unease
心配	しんぱい — worry
びびる	びびる — to get scared, to chicken out
リラックス	リラックス — relax
ほぐれる	ほぐれる — to loosen, to ease
ほぐす	ほぐす — to loosen up (something)
面接	めんせつ — interview
発表	はっぴょう — presentation
本番	ほんばん — the real thing, the day itself
人前	ひとまえ — in front of people
ワクワク	ワクワク — excited anticipation

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about — including this one, which comes up in nearly every learner's first lessons and interviews. For practice, work through Japanese practice exercises, then bring your questions to a lesson.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

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