LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Food in Japanese: 食べ物たべもの (たべもの), 料理りょうり, ご飯はん, 和食わしょく, and 食事しょくじ

"Food" in Japanese is 食べ物たべもの (たべもの), literally "something to eat". A prepared dish or a cuisine is 料理りょうり (りょうり), a meal is 食事しょくじ (しょくじ) or, casually, ご飯はん (ごはん), which also means rice. 和食わしょく (わしょく) is traditional Japanese cuisine and 洋食ようしょく (ようしょく) is Western-style food, including Japan's own versions. "Let's grab food" is ご飯はん行いこう.

How do you say "food" in Japanese?

What does 食べ物たべもの mean?

食べ物たべもの (たべもの), "something to eat", is food in general.

好すきな食べ物たべものは何なんですか? — What's your favorite food? (polite) 日本にほんの食べ物たべものはおいしい。 — Japanese food is delicious. (casual)

For eating verbs, see eat in Japanese.

What does 料理りょうり mean?

料理りょうり (りょうり) is a prepared dish, a cuisine, or cooking itself. It does not have to be heated: sashimi and salad are 料理りょうり too.

この料理りょうり、おいしいね。 — This dish is delicious. (casual) イタリア料理りょうりが好すきです。 — I like Italian food. (polite)

For words to praise food, see Japanese words for delicious.

What does ご飯はん mean?

ご飯はん (ごはん) means cooked rice, and also a meal. 朝あさご飯はん (あさごはん) is breakfast, 昼ひるご飯はん (ひるごはん) lunch, and 晩ばんご飯はん (ばんごはん) dinner.

ご飯はん行いこう! — Let's grab food! (casual) 晩ばんご飯はん、何なににする? — What should we have for dinner? (casual)

Which word do you use when?

The three words are not separate boxes. One curry can be 好すきな食べ物たべもの, a good 料理りょうり, or today's ご飯はん, depending on what you are talking about.

Word Use it when you talk about… Example
食べ物たべもの the kind of thing people eat, in general or something you do not recognize yet カレーは好すきな食べ物たべものです。 (Curry is a favorite food.)
料理りょうり a dish someone made, or a style of cooking このカレーはおいしい料理りょうりですね。 (This is a delicious dish.)
ご飯はん a meal, or the rice itself 今日きょうのご飯はんはカレーだよ。 (Today's meal is curry.)
食事しょくじ eating a meal, in a slightly more polite or neutral tone 食事しょくじはもう済すみましたか? (Have you finished eating?)

A common classroom puzzle is ご飯はん itself. In ご飯はんをおかわりする (have another bowl of rice) it is rice, and in ご飯はんに行いく (go out to eat) it is a meal. The verb next to it tells you which one.

What other food words are there?

What is the difference between 和食わしょく and 洋食ようしょく?

和食わしょく (わしょく) is traditional Japanese cuisine. 洋食ようしょく (ようしょく) is Western-style food, and in everyday Japanese it often means dishes that developed in Japan, like omurice and hamburg steak. "Japanese food" in the broad sense, including ramen, is usually 日本にほんの食べ物たべもの or 日本料理にほんりょうり.

今日きょうは和食わしょくにしよう。 — Let's have Japanese food today. (casual)

What does 食事しょくじ mean?

食事しょくじ (しょくじ) is a meal or the act of eating. It sounds a little more polite than ご飯はん, but it is also used in everyday talk, like 食事しょくじした? ("Did you eat?").

一緒いっしょに食事しょくじでもいかがですか? — Would you like to have a meal together? (polite)

What is 屋台やたい?

屋台やたい (やたい) is a food stall, at festivals or on the street.

お祭まつりの屋台やたいでたこ焼やきを買かった。 — I bought takoyaki at a festival stall. (casual)

Beyond the basics

What is 食たべ放題ほうだい?

食たべ放題ほうだい (たべほうだい) is all-you-can-eat. 飲み放題のみほうだい (のみほうだい) is all-you-can-drink.

焼肉やきにくの食たべ放題ほうだいに行いった。 — I went to an all-you-can-eat yakiniku place. (casual)

How do you talk about food you can't eat?

苦手にがてな食べ物たべもの (にがてなたべもの) is food you don't like, and 食たべられない物もの is food you can't eat, for example because of allergies or dietary restrictions. 苦手にがて alone does not tell you whether it is an allergy, so ask directly if it matters. See picky eater in Japanese.

苦手にがてな食べ物たべものはありますか? — Is there any food you don't like? (polite)

What does グルメ mean?

グルメ is a foodie, or good food in general: B級きゅうグルメ (ビーきゅうグルメ) is cheap, tasty everyday food.

この町まちはB級きゅうグルメが有名ゆうめいだ。 — This town is famous for cheap eats. (casual)

What do you say before and after eating?

Before eating, people say いただきます, and after eating, ごちそうさまでした. Both show thanks for the food and for whoever made or paid for it. See itadakimasu and gochisousama.

Common mistakes

  • Praising a plate with 食べ物たべもの. To compliment a finished dish, 料理りょうり is the more natural word. (Asking "what food is this?" about something unfamiliar is fine with 食べ物たべもの.)
  • Thinking ご飯はん only means rice. It also means a meal.
  • Using 食事しょくじ for a casual invitation to friends. 食事しょくじ行いこう is understandable, but ご飯はん行いこう is what friends usually say.
  • Calling omurice 和食わしょく. It is 洋食ようしょく, Japanese-style Western food.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. These questions use new situations, not the examples above.

1. A friend points at an unfamiliar item at a market and you want to ask what kind of food it is. Politely.

Show answer

これは何なんという食べ物たべものですか? — 食べ物たべもの. You are asking about the thing itself, not praising a finished dish, so 食べ物たべもの fits here.

2. Compliment the curry your friend cooked, casually: "This dish is great."

Show answer

この料理りょうり、最高さいこうだね。 — 料理りょうり. A finished plate in front of you is a 料理りょうり.

3. Ask a coworker politely if they want to eat lunch together.

Show answer

お昼ひるご飯はん、一緒いっしょにどうですか? — 昼ひるご飯はん is lunch, and ご飯はん here means a meal. For a polite offer 食事しょくじ would also work, but ご飯はん is lighter.

4. Say casually, "Tonight's dinner is okonomiyaki."

Show answer

今日きょうの晩ばんご飯はんはお好このみ焼やきだよ。 — 晩ばんご飯はん (dinner). The same dish can be a 好すきな食べ物たべもの or a 料理りょうり too; here you name tonight's meal, so ご飯はん fits.

5. Your friend says ご飯はんをおかわりしてもいい? at a home meal. What does ご飯はん mean?

Show answer

Cooked rice (a second helping of rice). — ご飯はん means rice when it is something you refill; compare ご飯はんに行いこう, where it means a meal.

6. Suggest Western-style food today, casually.

Show answer

今日きょうは洋食ようしょくにしよう。 — 洋食ようしょく. Omurice and hamburg steak count, because they are Western-style dishes that developed in Japan.

7. Say politely, "I like Chinese food."

Show answer

中華料理ちゅうかりょうりが好すきです。 — 〜料理りょうり attaches to a country or style to name a cuisine.

8. Say "I ate candy apples at the summer festival stall."

Show answer

夏祭なつまつりの屋台やたいでりんご飴あめを食たべた。 — 屋台やたい is a food stall; りんご飴あめ (りんごあめ) is a candy apple.

9. Ask politely if there is any food someone cannot eat.

Show answer

食たべられない物ものはありますか? — 食たべられない物もの is food a person cannot eat, for example because of allergies or religion. 苦手にがて only says they dislike it, so it does not tell you about allergies.

10. Say "We went to an all-you-can-drink place after work."

Show answer

仕事しごとの後あとに飲み放題のみほうだいの店みせに行いった。 — 飲み放題のみほうだい follows the same pattern as 食たべ放題ほうだい: verb stem + 放題ほうだい.

FAQ

Is ramen 和食わしょく? Many people say it is, but the label is not fixed. Ramen came from Chinese noodles and is often grouped with Japanese everyday food, while 和食わしょく in the narrow sense usually means traditional cuisine like rice, miso soup and fish. In a restaurant, "和食わしょく" on a menu rarely includes ramen.

Can I say ご飯はん in a formal situation? Yes, with お or an honorific verb it is fine, for example ご飯はんをいただきます. For a very formal invitation, 食事しょくじ or お食事しょくじ is the safer choice.

What do I call a snack or sweets? お菓子かし (おかし) is sweets and snacks, and おやつ is a snack between meals. They are not usually called 食べ物たべもの on their own.

How do I ask what someone wants to eat? 何なにが食たべたいですか? asks what they want to eat, and 何なにを食たべますか? asks what they will eat.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

食べ物	たべもの — food
料理	りょうり — dish, cuisine, cooking
ご飯	ごはん — meal, rice
晩ご飯	ばんごはん — dinner
食事	しょくじ — meal; eating
和食	わしょく — Japanese cuisine
洋食	ようしょく — Western-style food
屋台	やたい — food stall
食べ放題	たべほうだい — all-you-can-eat
苦手	にがて — not a fan of
お菓子	おかし — sweets, snacks

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 好すきな食べ物たべものは何なんですか? is the easiest conversation starter I know, and ご飯はん行いこう is the phrase that turns a classmate into a friend. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

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