LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Close in Japanese: 閉しめる vs 閉しまる vs 閉とじる, plus 近ちかい and 親したしい

"To close" in Japanese is 閉しめる (しめる) when you close something, like a door or window. When something closes by itself, use 閉しまる (しまる). For eyes, books and apps, use 閉とじる (とじる). If you mean "close" as in near, that is 近ちかい (ちかい), and a close friend is 親したしい友ともだち (したしいともだち).

The English word "close" covers several ideas, and Japanese splits them into different words. The trickiest part for learners is the pair 閉しめる and 閉しまる, which look almost the same but use different particles. Once that pair clicks, the rest is easy.

How do you say "close" in Japanese?

What does 閉しめる mean?

閉しめる (しめる) means you close something. The thing you close takes を.

ドアを閉しめてください。 — Please close the door. (polite) 寒さむいから窓まどを閉しめた。 — I closed the window because it was cold. (casual)

What does 閉しまる mean?

閉しまる (しまる) means something closes, with no one doing it on purpose. The thing that closes takes が.

ドアが閉しまります。 — The doors are closing. (a train announcement) 銀行ぎんこうは三時さんじに閉しまる。 — The bank closes at three. (casual)

In a train announcement like ドアが閉しまります, ドア is the everyday word for the doors, and door in Japanese contrasts it with 扉とびら for heavy or dramatic doors.

How do I remember 閉しめる vs 閉しまる?

Ask "who is doing it?" If a person does it, use 閉しめる with を. If it happens, use 閉しまる with が.

Word Reading Use
閉しめる しめる close something (を)
閉しまる しまる something closes (が)
閉とじる とじる close eyes, a book, an app
閉店へいてん へいてん a shop closing
開あける あける open something (を)
開ひらく あく something opens (が)
近ちかい ちかい close, near
親したしい したしい close (relationship)

The same pattern works for opening: 窓まどを開あける (I open the window) and 窓まどが開ひらく (the window opens). Many Japanese verbs come in pairs like this, so learning them together saves time later.

When do you use 閉とじる?

閉とじる (とじる) is for things that fold or shut, like eyes, books, umbrellas, and computer windows.

目めを閉とじて。 — Close your eyes. (casual) アプリを閉とじてから、もう一度いちど開ひらいて。 — Close the app and open it again. (casual)

How do you say a shop is closed?

閉店へいてん (へいてん) is a shop closing for the day or for good. A sign saying 本日ほんじつ休業きゅうぎょう means "closed today".

この店みせは十時とときに閉店へいてんします。 — This shop closes at ten. (polite) あのカフェ、先月せんげつ閉店へいてんしたよ。 — That cafe closed down last month. (casual)

What about "close" meaning near?

For distance, use 近ちかい (ちかい). 駅えきに近ちかい means close to the station.

家いえは駅えきから近ちかい。 — My house is close to the station. (casual)

For more, see near and far in Japanese.

How do you say "close friend"?

A close friend is 親したしい友ともだち or 親友しんゆう (しんゆう) for a best friend. 仲なかがいい (なかがいい) means "get along well".

彼かれとは小学校しょうがっこうから仲なかがいい。 — We've been close since elementary school. (casual)

For friend words, see friend in Japanese.

What about "close" as in almost?

A close call is ぎりぎり or 危あぶなかった. In a game, a close match is 接戦せっせん (せっせん).

ぎりぎり間に合まにあった。 — I made it just in time. (casual)

Japanese speakers use ぎりぎり all the time, for trains, deadlines, and exam scores. It is one of the most useful casual words you can add this week, and it sounds natural in almost any close situation.

Common mistakes

  • Saying ドアを閉しまる. Use ドアを閉しめる or ドアが閉しまる.
  • Using 閉しめる for eyes. Use 目めを閉とじる.
  • Using 閉しめる for "near". Use 近ちかい.
  • Saying 近ちかい友ともだち for a close friend. Use 親したしい友ともだち.
  • Reading 閉店へいてん as しめてん. It is へいてん.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: closing the door yourself versus the door closing.

1. Ask someone politely to close the door.

Show answer

ドアを閉しめてください。 — 閉しめる with を.

2. Say what the train announcement says when the doors are closing.

Show answer

ドアが閉しまります。 — 閉しまる with が. This is the pair to question 1.

3. Say "I closed the window because it was cold."

Show answer

寒さむいから窓まどを閉しめた。 — 閉しめる.

4. Say "The bank closes at three."

Show answer

銀行ぎんこうは三時さんじに閉しまる。 — 閉しまる.

5. Tell a friend to close their eyes.

Show answer

目めを閉とじて。 — 閉とじる.

6. Say "Close the app and open it again."

Show answer

アプリを閉とじてから、もう一度いちど開ひらいて。 — 閉とじる.

7. Say "That cafe closed down last month."

Show answer

あのカフェ、先月せんげつ閉店へいてんしたよ。 — 閉店へいてん.

8. Say "My house is close to the station."

Show answer

家いえは駅えきから近ちかい。 — 近ちかい.

9. Say "We've been close since elementary school."

Show answer

彼かれとは小学校しょうがっこうから仲なかがいい。 — 仲なかがいい.

10. Say "I made it just in time."

Show answer

ぎりぎり間に合まにあった。 — ぎりぎり.

In a trial lesson, say the door closes by itself, ドアが閉しまる, and that you close it, ドアを閉しめる, in a few scenes until the が and を pairing sticks.

FAQ

How do you say "close" in Japanese? 閉しめる (しめる) for closing something.

What is the difference between 閉しめる and 閉しまる? 閉しめる is you closing it. 閉しまる is it closing.

How do you say "close your eyes"? 目めを閉とじて.

How do you say "close" as in near? 近ちかい (ちかい).

How do you say "close friend"? 親したしい友ともだち or 親友しんゆう.

How do you say a shop is closed? 閉店へいてん or 本日ほんじつ休業きゅうぎょう.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

閉める	しめる — to close (something)
閉まる	しまる — to close (by itself)
閉じる	とじる — to close (eyes, book, app)
閉店	へいてん — shop closing
本日休業	ほんじつきゅうぎょう — closed today
近い	ちかい — close, near
親しい	したしい — close (relationship)
仲がいい	なかがいい — to get along well
ぎりぎり	ぎりぎり — just barely
接戦	せっせん — close match

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. ドアを閉しまる is one of the most common slips I hear, and the train announcement ドアが閉しまります is the easiest way to remember the right pair. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

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