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N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Buy in Japanese: 買かう (kau) and What You Say at a Shop

To buy in Japanese, say 買かう (kau), a godan (う-verb) that becomes 買かいます in polite speech, 買かった in the past and 買かって in the te-form — but at a real shop, people rarely say 買かいます to a clerk.

The verb is easy to learn and slightly tricky to use. The conjugation has one sound change that trips up beginners, and the natural way to buy something in Japan skips the verb entirely. This article covers both.

The basics

How do you say "buy" in Japanese?

The dictionary form is 買かう (かう). In polite speech it is 買かいます (かいます), and it takes the particle を for the thing you buy.

本ほんを買かいます。 — I'll buy a book. (polite, a plain statement) 新あたらしいスマホを買かいたいです。 — I want to buy a new phone. (polite, 〜たい = "want to")

A natural-sounding pattern is "thing + を + 買かう". The place of purchase takes で: 駅えきで買かいます means "I'll buy it at the station."

How do you conjugate 買かう?

買かう is a godan verb ending in う, so the う changes by group rules. Forms that use a small つ sound (past, te-form) become 買かった and 買かって, because the う drops out and a small っ replaces it.

Form Japanese Meaning
Dictionary 買かう to buy
Polite 買かいます buy (polite)
Past 買かった / 買かいました bought
Te-form 買かって buy, and... / please buy
Negative 買かわない / 買かいません don't buy
Want to 買かいたい want to buy
Potential 買かえる can buy

The two spots that surprise people are the sound change in 買かった / 買かって and the negative 買かわない (not 買かあない). Verbs ending in う use わ before ない. If the te-form is still shaky, see how to make the te-form, and for the bigger picture see Japanese verb groups.

昨日きのう、新あたらしい靴くつを買かった。 — I bought new shoes yesterday. (casual, plain past) コンビニでお茶ちゃを買かって、電車でんしゃに乗のった。 — I bought tea at the convenience store and got on the train. (te-form links the actions)

What is 買い物かいもの (shopping)?

買い物かいもの (かいもの) is a noun meaning "shopping" or "things you buy". It is the standard way to talk about the activity, and it appears in a few fixed phrases.

買い物かいものに行いく。 — I'm going shopping. (casual, 行いく = go) 今日きょうは買い物かいものをします。 — I'll do some shopping today. (polite, する makes it a verb)

Remember 買い物かいもの as a noun: you don't say 買い物かいものを買かう. You go shopping (買い物かいものに行いく) or you do shopping (買い物かいものをする). It is a handy pair with the idea of travelling to a place, which 行いく and 来くる cover in detail.

Beyond the basics

What do people really say at a shop instead of 買かいます?

At a counter you say what you want plus ください (please give me), or you announce your choice with にします (I'll go with this one). The verb 買かう stays in your head.

これをください。 — This one, please. (polite, the default at any counter) これにします。 — I'll take this one. (polite, after comparing options) これ、お願ねがいします。 — This, please. (polite, handing the item over)

Saying 買かいます to a clerk is not wrong, but it sounds like announcing your plan rather than ordering. ください is a request, and you can read more about its grammar in te-kudasai requests. For the whole shop script, with asking about stock and sizes, see Akihabara shop phrases.

What does 買かってくる mean?

〜を買かってくる means "go buy something and come back with it". It is te-form plus くる, and it packs a short errand into one phrase.

コンビニで水みずを買かってくる。 — I'll go buy some water at the convenience store (and be right back). (casual, announcing a quick errand) 牛乳ぎゅうにゅうを買かってきて。 — Pick up some milk, please. (casual, 〜てきて asks someone to do the errand)

The same pattern works in 買かってきた (I bought it and came back with it): お土産みやげを買かってきたよ means "I brought souvenirs back for you."

How do you say "can buy" and "can't buy"?

買かえる (かえる) is the potential form of 買かう and means "can buy". Its negative is 買かえない (can't buy), and it often shows up when talking about money or availability.

このゲームはまだ買かえない。 — I can't buy this game yet. (casual, not on sale) ここでチケットが買かえますか。 — Can I buy tickets here? (polite, a common question)

For talking about price and money itself, see asking prices with いくらですか and money in Japanese. If you want to say something is a good deal, check cheap in Japanese.

What is the opposite of 買かう?

The opposite is 売うる (うる), "to sell". Note the shop's point of view: a shop sells things, so 売うっている means "is on sale / is sold here".

この店みせは古ふるい本ほんを売うっている。 — This shop sells old books. (casual, 〜ている = ongoing state) この靴くつはどこで売うっていますか。 — Where are these shoes sold? (polite, handy question for shopping) 使つかわないゲームを売うった。 — I sold a game I don't use. (casual, plain past)

買かう and 売うる look similar on the page, so read the kanji carefully: 買か has the 貝かい (shell) at the bottom, while 売ばい has no 貝かい at all.

Is there a more formal word?

Yes, 購入こうにゅう (こうにゅう), usually written as 購入こうにゅうする. It is the formal, written word for "purchase", common on websites, receipts and announcements.

ご購入こうにゅうありがとうございます。 — Thank you for your purchase. (very polite, on an online store or receipt) 商品しょうひんを購入こうにゅうする。 — To purchase a product. (written/formal, buttons and instructions)

In speech you almost never say 購入こうにゅう to a friend. Think of 買かう as the everyday word and 購入こうにゅう as the word on the screen.

How do 衝動買しょうどうがい and 爆ばく買かい sound in anime and daily life?

衝動買しょうどうがい (しょうどうがい) means "impulse buying" and 爆ばく買かい (ばくがい) means "buying a huge amount at once". Both are well-known words, especially for tourists and big shopping trips.

セールだったから、つい衝動買しょうどうがいしちゃった。 — It was on sale, so I bought something on impulse. (casual, しちゃった = regretful tone) 今日きょうは爆ばく買かいするぞ! — Today I'm going on a massive shopping spree! (casual, excited, typical of a hype-up line)

Anime characters often say 買かっちゃった (I went and bought it) when they spend on a favorite item, and 買かっておく (buy in advance) when they stock up before an event.

Common mistakes

  • Saying 買かいます to a clerk. It isn't wrong, but ください or にします sounds much more natural at a counter.
  • Forgetting the sound change. 買かう becomes 買かった and 買かって, not 買かいた or 買かいて. The う drops out and っ appears.
  • Writing 買かあない for the negative. Verbs ending in う use わ before ない: 買かわない.
  • Using 買い物かいものを買かう. 買い物かいもの already means shopping or purchases. Use 買い物かいものに行いく or 買い物かいものをする.
  • Mixing up 買かう and 売うる. The kanji look alike, the meaning is opposite: かう is buy, うる is sell. Check which side of the counter you stand on.
  • Using 購入こうにゅう in casual speech. It sounds like a form on a website. In conversation, stick with 買かう.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair (two sound changes of the same verb), and so are 7 and 8 (buying and selling, the two ends of one transaction).

1. Say "I'll buy a book" in polite Japanese.

Show answer

本ほんを買かいます — the thing you buy takes を, and 買かいます is the polite form of 買かう.

2. What is the te-form of 買かう?

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買かって — godan verbs ending in う change to って, so 買かう becomes 買かって.

3. Say "I don't buy" in casual speech.

Show answer

買かわない — verbs ending in う use わ before ない. 買かあない is wrong.

4. Say "I bought it" in casual speech.

Show answer

買かった — the past tense uses the っ sound change, not 買かいた. This is the pair to question 3.

5. You are at a shop counter and have chosen an item. What do you say?

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これをください (or これにします) — you ask for the item rather than announce that you buy it.

6. How do you say "I'll go and buy some water and come back"?

Show answer

水みずを買かってくる — the te-form of 買かう plus くる means going out to buy something and returning.

7. Say "Can I buy tickets here?" in polite Japanese.

Show answer

ここでチケットが買かえますか — 買かえる is the potential form and the object is often marked with が. This is the pair to question 8.

8. Say "Where are these shoes sold?"

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この靴くつはどこで売うっていますか — 売うる (sell) in the 〜ている form means "is sold". This is the opposite verb to question 7.

9. Which is more natural on an online store's receipt: 買い物かいもの or ご購入こうにゅう?

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ご購入こうにゅう — 購入こうにゅう is the formal written word, and ご adds politeness. 買かう is the everyday spoken verb.

10. What does 衝動買しょうどうがい mean?

Show answer

Impulse buying — buying something suddenly without planning it. 衝動しょうどう means "impulse" and 買かい comes from 買かう.

A trial lesson is a good place to act out buying something at a shop, and an impulse buy (衝動買しょうどうがい), and practise ください and にします instead of announcing 買かいます.

FAQ

Is 買かう a godan verb or an ichidan verb? Godan. It ends in う, so the past is 買かった, the te-form is 買かって and the negative is 買かわない. The potential form 買かえる (can buy) is a separate verb that conjugates like an ichidan verb.

Can I say 買かいます in a shop? Yes, you will be understood. But ください or にします is what shoppers normally say at a counter, because those words ask or choose, rather than announce.

What is the difference between 買い物かいもの and 買かう? 買かう is the verb "to buy". 買い物かいもの is the noun "shopping", used in phrases like 買い物かいものに行いく. You don't say 買い物かいものを買かう.

What is the difference between 買かう and 購入こうにゅうする? 買かう is the everyday word for "buy". 購入こうにゅうする is a formal, written word for "purchase", used on websites, receipts and announcements, rarely in daily talk.

Is 爆ばく買かい something I would say? You'll hear it in news and variety shows for big shopping trips, usually in a joking or excited way. It is fine to use with friends in casual speech, but you don't need it as a beginner.

How do I say "sell" in Japanese? 売うる (うる). It is also godan, so it becomes 売うります and 売うった. See the section on the opposite of 買かう for examples.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

買う	かう — to buy
買い物	かいもの — shopping
売る	うる — to sell
購入	こうにゅう — purchase (formal)
衝動買い	しょうどうがい — impulse buying
爆買い	ばくがい — buying in huge quantities
ください	ください — please give me
にします	にします — I'll go with (this one)
行く	いく — to go
買ってくる	かってくる — to go buy and come back
お土産	おみやげ — souvenir
牛乳	ぎゅうにゅう — milk
靴	くつ — shoes
チケット	チケット — ticket

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about — including this one, which comes up in nearly every beginner's first few lessons. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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