LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Sep 30, 2026

Also in Japanese: the particle も, and which particles it replaces

The everyday Japanese word for "also" and "too" is the particle も, and its one big rule is this: it replaces は, が and を, but it gets added after に, で and と.

Learners usually look up "also in Japanese" and find a list of words: も, また, それに, さらに. They are not interchangeable. も is a tiny particle that sits inside a sentence. The others work at the level of a whole sentence, and they sound more formal. Once you see which is which, "also" stops being one confusing word and becomes a small toolkit. In lessons, the trouble is rarely the meaning of も. It is choosing which particle it should replace, and that is what this article walks through, step by step, with a table you can come back to.

The basics

What does も mean, and where does it go?

も means "also," "too," or "as well," and it goes right after the thing that is being added. It marks the extra item, not the whole sentence.

私わたしは学生がくせいです。友達ともだちも学生がくせいです。 — I'm a student. My friend is a student too. (polite, the second は becomes も) これもおいしいです。 — This is delicious too. (polite, pointing at a second dish) 私わたしも行いきます。 — I'll go too. (polite, joining someone's plan)

Notice that the sentence structure does not change. You take a normal sentence and swap one particle. In casual speech, 私わたしも! on its own is the natural way to say "me too!"

Which particles does も replace?

も replaces は, が and を. These three particles mark the topic, the subject and the object, and も takes over their job while adding "also." You never write both.

私わたしはコーヒーを飲のみます。 — I drink coffee. (neutral, the starting sentence) 私わたしもコーヒーを飲のみます。 — I drink coffee too. (も replaces は: the person is added) 私わたしは紅茶こうちゃも飲のみます。 — I drink tea as well. (も replaces を: the thing is added)

The particle you pick tells the listener what is "also." 私わたしも means another person does it too. 紅茶こうちゃも means you do another thing too. If you want more on how は and が differ, see は vs が.

Which particles does も get added after?

After に, で, と, から, まで and へ, も is added on top instead of replacing them. Those particles carry meaning (place, means, partner, starting point) that the sentence still needs.

東京とうきょうにも行いきます。 — I'll go to Tokyo as well. (polite, に stays because it marks the destination) ここでも買かえます。 — You can buy it here too. (polite, で stays because it marks the place) 友達ともだちとも話はなしました。 — I talked with my friend too. (polite, と stays because it marks the partner)

Here is the whole picture in one table.

Original particle With "also" Example
は (topic) も — replaces 私わたしも行いきます
が (subject) も — replaces 雨あめも降ふっています
を (object) も — replaces 紅茶こうちゃも飲のみます
に にも — adds 東京とうきょうにも行いきます
で でも — adds ここでも買かえます
と とも — adds 友達ともだちとも話はなしました
から からも — adds 彼かれからも聞ききました

Beyond the basics

How do you say "both A and B"?

Put も after each item: AもBも. It means "both A and B," and it is much more common than the word for "both" itself.

猫ねこも犬いぬも好すきです。 — I like both cats and dogs. (polite, も after each noun)

There is a full article on this pattern, including how it differs from 両方りょうほう and どちらも: both in Japanese.

What is も doing in 何なにも食たべません?

Attach も to a question word (何なに, 誰だれ, どこ) and add a negative verb, and you get "nothing," "nobody," "nowhere." This is a different job for も: it is not adding an item, it says "not even one."

何なにも食たべませんでした。 — I ate nothing. (polite, negative verb is required) 誰だれも来きませんでした。 — Nobody came. (polite)

The negative ending is not optional. The full breakdown is in how to say "nothing" in Japanese.

Why does 3時間じかんも待まった sound different?

When も follows an amount, it adds emphasis: the speaker feels the amount is a lot. It is not "also" any more. It is closer to "as many as" or "a whole."

3時間じかんも待まちました。 — I waited as long as three hours. (polite, the speaker is surprised or annoyed at how long) ラーメンを5杯はいも食たべた。 — I ate as many as five bowls of ramen. (casual, amazed at the number)

Compare 3時間待じかんまちちました, which just states the fact. The も adds the feeling. You hear it often in anime when a character is exasperated about a long wait or a huge quantity.

What about また, それに and さらに?

These are the sentence-level "also" words. They join whole sentences rather than sit inside one.

  • それに — "besides," "on top of that." It adds one more reason or fact and is fine in conversation.
  • さらに — "furthermore," "even more." It leans written and formal, or dramatic in speech.
  • また — "also" as a formal connector, common in writing and announcements. But また most often means "again," so context decides.

この店みせは安やすいです。それに、おいしいです。 — This shop is cheap. Besides, it's tasty. (polite, adding a second good point) 料金りょうきんが上あがります。さらに、送料そうりょうもかかります。 — The fee is going up. On top of that, shipping is charged too. (polite, formal tone)

I'd treat また as a formal connector you'll mostly read, and それに as the one to say. If you meant "again," go to again in Japanese instead.

And listing reasons with し?

し is not really "also," but it does the same job of piling up reasons: 安やすいし、おいしいし… ("it's cheap, and tasty, and…"). It gets its own article: 〜し, listing reasons.

Common mistakes

  • Writing 私わたしはも. は and も do not stack. It is 私わたしも, with も instead of は.
  • Writing 紅茶こうちゃをも飲のみます in a normal conversation. をも exists, but it is a formal, mostly written combination. In everyday Japanese, を simply becomes も: 紅茶こうちゃも飲のみます.
  • Putting も on the wrong word. 私わたしもコーヒーを飲のみます says I drink coffee too, while 私わたしはコーヒーも飲のみます says I drink coffee in addition to something else. Before you write も, decide what exactly is being added.
  • Using も where you mean "even." も sometimes feels like "even" with numbers, but "even" with a noun is usually でも or さえ, which are different patterns.
  • Using また for every "also." また is formal and often reads as "again." In speech, reach for も or それに.

FAQ

Is も the same as "too" at the end of an English sentence? Close. English puts "too" at the end, but Japanese puts も right after the item that is added. 私わたしもコーヒーを飲のみます literally puts the "too" after 私わたし.

Can I use も more than once in one sentence? Yes. 猫ねこも犬いぬも好すきです uses it twice, and it is a standard pattern. The two も mean "both."

Does も change the verb? No. The verb stays the same. Only the particle changes, so 私わたしはコーヒーを飲のみます becomes 私わたしもコーヒーを飲のみます with an identical verb.

Is それに rude or too casual? Not at all. It is a normal spoken connector. さらに is the stiffer one.

Can も go with a negative sentence? Yes. 私わたしも行いきません means "I'm not going either." English switches to "either" in negatives, but Japanese keeps も.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 4 and 5 are a pair: the same も, attached to two different parts of the sentence.

1. Say "I'll go too." (You are joining someone.)

Show answer

私わたしも行いきます — も replaces は after 私わたし. You do not write 私わたしはも.

2. Say "I drink tea as well." Which particle does も replace?

Show answer

紅茶こうちゃも飲のみます — も replaces を, because 紅茶こうちゃ is the object being added.

3. What is wrong with 私わたしはも行いきます?

Show answer

は and も cannot stack. も takes the place of は, so it is 私わたしも行いきます.

4. Say "I'll go to Tokyo as well." (Tokyo is the destination.)

Show answer

東京とうきょうにも行いきます — に stays because it marks the destination, and も is added after it.

5. Say "I'll go to Tokyo too." (Someone else is going.) Which part changes from question 4?

Show answer

私わたしも東京とうきょうに行いきます — now も is on 私わたし and replaces は. Same "too," different thing added. Where you put も tells the listener what is being added, so it is worth deciding that before you speak.

6. Say "I talked with my friend too." (The friend is the partner.)

Show answer

友達ともだちとも話はなしました — と marks the partner, so it stays, and も follows it.

7. Say "I like both cats and dogs."

Show answer

猫ねこも犬いぬも好すきです — put も after each item to get "both A and B."

8. What is the difference between 3時間待じかんまちちました and 3時間じかんも待まちました?

Show answer

The second adds emphasis. も after an amount says the speaker feels it is a lot: "I waited as long as three hours." The first just states the time.

9. Which is more natural in conversation to add a second reason: それに or さらに?

Show answer

それに — a normal spoken connector. さらに leans formal or written.

The particle も replaces some particles and sits after others, so make a few "me too" sentences about people, pets and plans, and let a teacher catch the traps in a trial lesson.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

友達	ともだち — friend
学生	がくせい — student
紅茶	こうちゃ — black tea
猫	ねこ — cat
犬	いぬ — dog
待つ	まつ — to wait
安い	やすい — cheap
それに	それに — besides, on top of that
さらに	さらに — furthermore
また	また — also, again

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from patterns I've actually heard learners trip over in lessons, and も is one of the first. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

More “Grammar, One Piece at a Time” articles →

Want to try this in a real conversation?

30-minute trial lesson, $13. Times shown in your own timezone.

Practice it out loud with a Tokyo native. ★5.0 from 358 italki reviews.

See how the lessons work →

Book a trial lesson · $13