LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Thirsty in Japanese: のどが渇かついた (nodo ga kawaita) and why it is past tense

To say "I'm thirsty" in Japanese, say のどが渇かついた (nodo ga kawaita) — literally "my throat has gotten dry," in the past tense even though you are thirsty right now.

English says "I am thirsty," a plain present state. Japanese tells it as a small event: your throat became dry, and it is still that way. That one idea explains the past tense, the ています version, and why お腹おなかが空あいた ("I'm hungry") works the same way.

The basics

How do you say "I'm thirsty" in Japanese?

The standard phrase is のどが渇かついた. のど is "throat," が marks it as the subject, and 渇かついた is the past form of 渇かわく (kawaku), "to become parched, to thirst."

のどが渇かついた。 — I'm thirsty. (casual, said to yourself or a friend) のどが渇かわきました。 — I'm thirsty. (polite, to a teacher, a host, or staff) のどが渇かついたので、水みずを飲のみます。 — I'm thirsty, so I'll drink some water. (polite, giving a reason)

The kanji for のど is 喉のど, but in everyday writing and subtitles you will often see it as plain のど. Either way, you say it the same way.

Why is it past tense when I'm thirsty right now?

Because 渇かわく describes a change. The throat goes from "fine" to "dry," and た marks that the change has already happened and the result is still in effect. Japanese has a whole family of verbs like this, and they all use た for "I'm in this state now."

疲つかれた。 — I'm tired. (casual, literally "I have gotten tired") お腹おなかが空あいた。 — I'm hungry. (casual, literally "my stomach has emptied") のどが渇かついた。 — I'm thirsty. (casual, literally "my throat has dried")

If you want to know how the hunger version works in full, see hungry in Japanese. The pattern is identical, and learning the two together is the fastest way to make it feel natural.

What does のどが渇かついています mean?

It means the same thing as のどが渇かついた, but it describes the state more explicitly. 〜ている is the "result is still here" form, so のどが渇かついています is "my throat is in a dried-out state."

のどが渇かついています。 — I'm thirsty. (polite, calm and descriptive) のどが渇かついていますか。 — Are you thirsty? (polite, asking a guest)

Use のどが渇かわきました when you announce it for the first time, and のどが渇かついていますか when you check on someone else. Asking someone 渇かわきましたか sounds like asking whether the thirst just started, which is a bit odd, so the ています form is the natural way to ask.

Can you drop the が?

Yes. In casual speech, が is very often dropped.

のど渇かついた。 — I'm thirsty. (casual, the most common spoken form) のど渇かついた〜。 — I'm thirsty~ (casual, stretched out, a little whiny) お腹おなか空あいた。 — I'm hungry. (casual, the same drop)

Dropping が is not sloppy. It is how people actually talk, and it makes the sentence feel lighter. In writing, a report, or a polite message, keep the が.

Beyond the basics

What does カラカラ add?

カラカラ is an onomatopoeia for "bone dry." It makes the thirst stronger and more physical.

のどがカラカラだ。 — My throat is parched. (casual, very strong thirst) のどがカラカラです。 — I'm parched. (polite) 走はしったらのどがカラカラになった。 — After running, my throat got totally dry. (casual, a change of state)

Note the grammar: with カラカラ you use だ or です, not た, because カラカラ is a state word rather than a verb. For more words like this, see our guide to Japanese onomatopoeia.

How do you say "I want something to drink"?

Add 何なにか ("something") and 飲のみたい (the want-form of 飲のむ, "to drink").

何なにか飲のみたい。 — I want something to drink. (casual, the natural follow-up to のど渇かついた) 何なにか飲のみたいです。 — I'd like something to drink. (polite) 冷つめたいものが飲のみたい。 — I want something cold to drink. (casual)

The 〜たい form is for verbs you want to do. For a thing you want to have, Japanese uses ほしい instead. ほしい vs たい explains the split, and it matters here: 水みずが飲のみたい is "I want to drink water," while 水みずがほしい is "I want water."

How do you invite someone to drink something?

Use 何なにか飲のみませんか, a polite invitation, or a casual 何なにか飲のまない?

何なにか飲のみませんか。 — Would you like to drink something? (polite invitation) 何なにか飲のもうか。 — Shall we get something to drink? (casual, suggesting together) 飲み物のみものはいかがですか。 — Would you like a drink? (very polite, a host or staff)

If you only need the word for the drink itself, the basics are in water in Japanese.

What is the difference between 渇かわく and 乾かわく?

Both are read かわく, and the sound is the same. The kanji carry different pictures. 渇かわく is the one for thirst, the throat or the body craving liquid. 乾かわく is the one for things drying out, like laundry, paint, or a wet floor.

のどが渇かわく。 — My throat gets thirsty. (thirst, the standard kanji) 洗濯物せんたくものが乾かわく。 — The laundry dries. (things drying, 乾かわく)

Because the two are pronounced the same, you will also see のどが乾かわいた in everyday writing. When you write by hand or type, 渇かつ is the safer choice for thirst, and hiragana (のどがかわいた) is always fine.

How does it sound in anime?

Anime uses the casual, dropped-が forms almost all the time. A character who has just run, fought, or sat through a long scene says のど渇かついた〜 in a loose voice, and another character answers with a drink. It is also a classic way to start an "I'll buy you something" moment.

のど渇かついた。ジュース買かってくる。 — I'm thirsty. I'll go buy a juice. (casual, a typical anime line) のどカラカラなんだけど。 — I'm totally parched, you know. (casual, a complaint with んだけど)

Listen for the pairing: のど渇かついた and お腹おなか空あいた often come out one after the other.

Common mistakes

  • Saying 私わたしはのどが渇かついている as your default. It is grammatical, but heavy. In real speech people say のど渇かついた, or のどが渇かわきました in polite settings.
  • Using the present form 渇かわく to say "I'm thirsty." のどが渇かわく on its own sounds like a general statement ("one's throat gets dry") or a habit, not "I'm thirsty right now."
  • Mixing 〜たい and ほしい. 飲み物のみものが飲のみたい is awkward, since you want to drink it. Say 何なにか飲のみたい or 飲み物のみものがほしい.
  • Using 乾かわいた for thirst in a formal text. It appears often in casual writing, but 渇かついた is the standard kanji for thirst.
  • Using カラカラ with た. のどがカラカラた is wrong. With カラカラ, use だ, です, or なる: カラカラになった.

The thirsty phrases at a glance

Phrase Feel Meaning
のど渇かついた Casual, most common I'm thirsty
のどが渇かついた Casual, a little fuller I'm thirsty
のどが渇かわきました Polite I'm thirsty
のどが渇かついています Polite, descriptive I'm in a thirsty state
のどがカラカラ Casual, strong I'm parched
何なにか飲のみたい Casual I want something to drink
何なにか飲のみませんか Polite Shall we have a drink?

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair, because お腹おなかが空あいた and のどが渇かついた work exactly the same way.

1. Say "I'm thirsty" casually, with the が dropped.

Show answer

のど渇かついた — the casual spoken form. The が is optional in speech.

2. Say "I'm thirsty" politely to a host.

Show answer

のどが渇かわきました — the polite past form, with が kept.

3. Say "I'm hungry" in the same casual pattern.

Show answer

お腹おなか空あいた — 空あく is a change-of-state verb, so it also uses た for the current state. This is the pair to question 4.

4. Why does のどが渇かついた use past tense when you are thirsty now?

Show answer

Because 渇かわく describes a change that has already happened. た marks "the throat has become dry," and that result is still true now. Hunger works the same way.

5. You want to ask a guest whether they are thirsty. Which form is natural, 渇かわきましたか or 渇かついていますか?

Show answer

のどが渇かついていますか — the ています form asks about the current state. 渇かわきましたか sounds like asking whether the thirst just started.

6. Say "My throat is parched" with カラカラ.

Show answer

のどがカラカラだ(です) — カラカラ is a state word, so it takes だ or です, not た.

7. Say "I want something to drink."

Show answer

何なにか飲のみたい — 何なにか ("something") plus 飲のみたい, the want-form of 飲のむ.

8. Which kanji is used for thirst, 渇かわく or 乾かわく?

Show answer

渇かわく — it is the kanji for thirst. 乾かわく is for things drying, like laundry (洗濯物せんたくものが乾かわく).

9. Invite a coworker politely to get a drink together.

Show answer

何なにか飲のみませんか — the polite negative-question form works as an invitation.

10. Is のどが渇かわく a natural way to say "I'm thirsty right now"?

Show answer

No. のどが渇かわく sounds like a general statement or a habit. For right now, use のどが渇かついた.

In a 30-minute trial lesson, say のどが渇かついた in a role-play where you ask for a drink, and check why Japanese uses the past tense.

FAQ

Is のど渇かついた rude? No. It is the everyday casual form, fine with friends and family. In polite company, switch to のどが渇かわきました.

Why not just say 私わたしはのどが渇かついている? It is grammatical, but it sounds like a description from a textbook. Japanese speakers usually drop 私わたしは, since the speaker is obvious, and say のど渇かついた.

Can I say 喉のどが渇かついた in hiragana? Yes. のどがかわいた is perfectly fine, and it is common in casual writing and easier to read for beginners.

Is 渇かわく the same as 乾かわく? They are pronounced the same, but the kanji differ. 渇かわく is for thirst, and 乾かわく is for things drying out. In casual writing you will see のどが乾かわいた, but 渇かつ is the standard choice.

How do I ask a friend for something to drink? Say 何なにか飲み物のみものある? ("Do you have anything to drink?") or 水みずもらってもいい? ("Can I have some water?"). Both are casual and friendly.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

喉	のど — throat
渇く	かわく — to be thirsty, to become parched
乾く	かわく — to dry out (laundry, floors)
お腹が空く	おなかがすく — to become hungry
飲む	のむ — to drink
飲み物	のみもの — a drink
何か	なにか — something
カラカラ	からから — bone dry, parched
疲れる	つかれる — to get tired
洗濯物	せんたくもの — laundry
冷たい	つめたい — cold (to the touch)

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard learners ask about. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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