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N4Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Smell in Japanese: 匂におい vs 臭くさい (both におい), 香かおり, and 匂においがする

"Smell" in Japanese is におい. When it is pleasant or neutral, it is written 匂におい; when it is bad, it is written 臭くさい. To say "it smells good", use いい匂においがする, and to describe something as smelly, use the adjective 臭くさい, read くさい.

Smell is one of those topics where Japanese is both simpler and trickier than English. Simpler, because one sound, におい, covers almost every smell. Trickier, because the kanji you write tells the reader whether the smell is nice or nasty, and because the most natural sentence uses a verb English would never pick: する, "to do". This post covers the noun, the verbs, the adjectives, and a few useful set phrases, including the one detectives in anime use.

How do you say "smell" in Japanese?

What is the difference between 匂におい and 臭くさい?

Both are read におい. 匂におい is for nice or neutral smells, and 臭くさい is for bad ones. In speech, you cannot hear the difference, so the adjective around the word does the job: いい匂におい (a nice smell), 変へんな臭くさい (a strange, bad smell).

いい匂においですね。 — That smells nice. (polite, about food or flowers) この部屋へや、変へんな臭くさいがする。 — This room has a weird smell. (casual, something is off)

This is a writing convention, not a hard rule: newspapers use 匂におい for pleasant smells, 臭くさい for unpleasant ones, and ひらがな when it is unclear. If you are not sure, ひらがな におい is always safe.

How do you say "it smells good"?

Say いい匂においがする, literally "a good smell does". Japanese uses がする for sensations that reach you: smell, sound, taste and even feelings.

キッチンからいい匂においがする。 — Something smells good from the kitchen. (casual, very common at home) カレーの匂においがします。 — I can smell curry. (polite, naming the smell with の)

The pattern is [thing] の 匂においがする, "it smells of [thing]". The same structure gives you 音おとがする (I hear a sound) and 味あじがする (it tastes of). Once you know one, you know them all.

How do you say "to smell" something on purpose?

The verb is 嗅かぐ (かぐ), "to sniff, to smell on purpose". Use it when you bring your nose to something. For a smell that simply reaches you, use 匂においがする instead.

この牛乳ぎゅうにゅう、ちょっと嗅きゅういでみて。 — Smell this milk for a second. (casual, checking if it has gone bad) 花はなの匂においを嗅かぎました。 — I smelled the flowers. (polite, a deliberate action)

This is the main contrast to remember: 嗅かぐ is the action you choose, and 匂においがする is the smell that arrives.

How do you say "smelly" in Japanese?

What does 臭くさい (くさい) mean?

臭くさい read くさい is an い-adjective meaning "smelly" or "stinks". Note the double reading: as a noun, 臭くさい is におい (a bad smell); as an adjective, it is くさい (smelly).

この靴くつ、臭くさい! — These shoes stink! (casual, blunt) 納豆なっとうは臭くさいけど、おいしい。 — Natto smells bad, but it's delicious. (casual, an honest opinion)

くさい is strong. Saying it about a person, or about food someone made, is rude. With friends and about obvious things like old shoes, it is normal.

What words attach 臭くさい to other things?

〜臭くさい (くさい) attaches to nouns to mean "smells of" something unpleasant. You will hear 汗臭あせくさい (あせくさい, smells of sweat), 焦げ臭こげくさい (こげくさい, smells of burning) and タバコ臭くさい (smells of cigarettes).

何なにか焦げ臭こげくさくない? — Doesn't something smell like it's burning? (casual, a warning) 部屋へやがタバコ臭くさい。 — The room smells of cigarettes. (casual, a complaint)

The same 〜くさい also means "seems like" in a negative way: 面倒めんどうくさい (めんどうくさい, what a pain) and 古臭ふるくさい (ふるくさい, old-fashioned). Those have nothing to do with smell anymore, but the bad feeling stays. 古臭ふるくさい is aimed at ideas and style, and old in Japanese explains why calling a person 古ふるい means old-fashioned, not elderly.

Beyond the basics

What is 香かおり?

香かおり (かおり) is a fragrance or aroma: a pleasant smell, often of tea, coffee, perfume or flowers. It sounds more elegant than 匂におい and is common in product descriptions.

このお茶ちゃは香かおりがいいです。 — This tea has a lovely aroma. (polite, a compliment) バラの香かおりのシャンプー。 — Rose-scented shampoo. (a product label)

The verb is 香かおる (かおる), "to be fragrant". 香水こうすい (こうすい) is perfume, from the same kanji.

What does 臭におう mean?

臭におう (におう) is a verb: "to give off a smell", usually a bad one. 匂におう with the other kanji is for nice smells, but in speech they sound the same.

ゴミが臭におう。 — The trash smells. (casual, plain description) 何なにか臭におうな……。 — Something smells fishy... (casual male speech, a detective's suspicion)

The second line is a classic in detective and mystery anime. Just like English "smells fishy", 臭におう can mean "seems suspicious". The suspect does not literally smell; the story does.

How do you say "a good nose"?

鼻はながいい (はながいい) means "to have a good sense of smell". The figurative "a nose for" something is usually 鼻はなが利きく (はながきく).

うちの犬いぬは鼻はながいい。 — Our dog has a great sense of smell. (casual, literal) 彼かれはいい店みせを見みつけるのに鼻はなが利きく。 — He has a nose for finding good restaurants. (casual, figurative)

How does smell connect to taste?

Japanese often describes food by smell and taste together. For words like 甘あまい (sweet), 酸すっぱい (sour) and 濃こい (strong), see Japanese taste words. And when a smell is surprisingly strong, 匂においが強つよい is the natural phrase; our post on strong and weak in Japanese shows how 強つよい works with senses.

Quick reference

Word Reading Meaning Note
匂におい におい smell (nice or neutral) いい匂におい
臭くさい (noun) におい smell (bad) 変へんな臭くさい
臭くさい (adj.) くさい smelly, stinks strong, can be rude
匂においがする においがする there is a smell 〜の匂においがする
嗅かぐ かぐ to sniff on purpose 匂においを嗅かぐ
香かおり かおり fragrance, aroma elegant, products
臭におう におう to smell (bad); seem suspicious 何なにか臭におうな
焦げ臭こげくさい こげくさい smells of burning a warning

Common mistakes

  • Saying 匂においを感かんじます for "I can smell it". It is understandable but stiff. 匂においがします is the natural phrase.
  • Using 嗅かぐ for a smell that just reaches you. 嗅かぐ is a deliberate sniff. Use 匂においがする.
  • Writing 臭くさい when you mean a nice smell. The kanji tells the reader it is bad. Use 匂におい or におい.
  • Calling someone's cooking くさい. Even if it smells strong, say 匂においが強つよいですね.
  • Forgetting the の. It is カレーの匂におい, "the smell of curry".

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: a smell that reaches you versus a smell you go looking for.

1. Say "That smells nice" politely.

Show answer

いい匂においですね。 — 匂におい is used for nice smells, and ね shares the feeling.

2. Say "I can smell curry" politely.

Show answer

カレーの匂においがします。 — the pattern is [thing] の 匂においがする.

3. A nice smell is coming from the kitchen. Say so casually.

Show answer

キッチンからいい匂においがする。 — a smell that reaches you uses 匂においがする.

4. Ask a friend to sniff some milk to check it.

Show answer

この牛乳ぎゅうにゅう、ちょっと嗅きゅういでみて。 — sniffing on purpose is 嗅かぐ. This is the pair to question 3.

5. Say "These shoes stink!"

Show answer

この靴くつ、臭くさい! — the adjective 臭くさい is read くさい here.

6. Something smells like it is burning. Warn your friend.

Show answer

何なにか焦げ臭こげくさくない? — 焦げ臭こげくさい means "smells of burning".

7. Praise a tea's aroma politely.

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このお茶ちゃは香かおりがいいです。 — 香かおり is an elegant word for a pleasant aroma.

8. In a mystery anime, the detective says 何なにか臭におうな. What does he mean?

Show answer

"Something smells fishy." — 臭におう can mean "seems suspicious", just like English.

9. How do you read 臭くさい in この部屋へや、変へんな臭くさいがする?

Show answer

におい — it is a noun here. As an adjective, 臭くさい is read くさい.

10. Say "Our dog has a great sense of smell."

Show answer

うちの犬いぬは鼻はながいい。 — 鼻はながいい means a good nose.

In a 30-minute trial lesson, describe a good smell with いい匂においがする and a bad one with 臭くさい, and notice that speech hides which kanji you mean.

FAQ

How do you say "smell" in Japanese? におい. Write 匂におい for nice or neutral smells and 臭くさい for bad ones, or just use ひらがな.

How do you say "it smells good" in Japanese? いい匂におい! or いい匂においがする. Politely: いい匂においですね.

What is the difference between 匂におい and 香かおり? 匂におい is any smell, usually neutral or nice. 香かおり is a fragrance or aroma, more elegant, often for tea, coffee, flowers and perfume.

How do I read 臭くさい? As a noun, におい (a bad smell). As an adjective, くさい (smelly).

What is the verb "to smell" in Japanese? 嗅かぐ (かぐ) for sniffing on purpose. For "it smells", use 匂においがする or 臭におう.

Why does 面倒めんどうくさい contain くさい? 〜くさい can mean "has the unpleasant quality of", not only "smells of". 面倒めんどうくさい means "what a pain".

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

匂い	におい — smell (nice or neutral)
臭い	におい — smell (bad)
臭い	くさい — smelly, stinks
嗅ぐ	かぐ — to sniff, smell on purpose
臭う	におう — to give off a (bad) smell
香り	かおり — fragrance, aroma
香水	こうすい — perfume
汗臭い	あせくさい — smells of sweat
焦げ臭い	こげくさい — smells of burning
面倒くさい	めんどうくさい — what a pain
古臭い	ふるくさい — old-fashioned
鼻がいい	はながいい — has a good sense of smell
牛乳	ぎゅうにゅう — milk
納豆	なっとう — natto, fermented soybeans

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 匂におい is a beginner word that comes up early in conversation lessons, and the 匂においがする pattern is a small door into all the がする sensations, so I teach it that way. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

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