LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Read in Japanese: 読よむ (よむ), 読よめない, 読み方よみかた, and how to "read the room

"Read" in Japanese is 読よむ (よむ), a godan verb that conjugates like 飲のむ: 読よみます (polite), 読よんだ (past), 読よんで (te-form) — and the same word also means "read the room" in 空気くうきを読よむ.

English uses "read" for books, kanji, faces, and situations. Japanese mostly does too, with one verb doing all the work. The extra trouble is the kanji: 読どく itself has two readings, and "I can't read this kanji" has its own set of phrases. This article covers the verb, the "can/can't read" forms, and the idioms you will hear most.

The basics

How do you say "read" in Japanese?

The dictionary form is 読よむ (よむ), and the polite form is 読よみます. Use を for the thing you read.

本ほんを読よみます。 — I read a book. (polite, general) 毎朝まいあさニュースを読よみます。 — I read the news every morning. (polite, habit) この手紙てがみを読よんでもいいですか。 — May I read this letter? (polite, asking permission)

The verb works for anything with words on it: books, signs, messages, manuals. For looking at a picture or a face, Japanese prefers 見みる — more on that below.

How do you conjugate 読よむ?

読よむ ends in む, so it follows the same pattern as 飲のむ, 休やすむ, and 頼たのむ. The む turns into ん before た and て.

Form 読よむ Meaning
Polite 読よみます read
Negative 読よまない don't read
Past 読よんだ read (past)
Te-form 読よんで read, and...
Want to 読よみたい want to read
Can 読よめる can read

If this む → ん change feels random, the Japanese te-form guide shows the whole pattern, and the drink in Japanese article drills the same endings on another む-verb.

昨日きのう、この本ほんを読よんだ。 — I read this book yesterday. (casual, past) 読よんでから寝ねます。 — I'll sleep after I read. (polite, te-form + から)

What is the difference between 読よめる and 読よみます?

読よみます says you do the action; 読よめる says you are able to. It is the potential form: 読よむ → 読よめる.

この漢字かんじは読よめます。 — I can read this kanji. (polite, ability) 英語えいごの本ほんは読よめるけど、日本語にほんごはまだ難むずかしい。 — I can read English books, but Japanese is still hard. (casual, contrast)

Note the particle: with 読よめる, both が and を are common, but beginners should lean on が (漢字かんじが読よめる). The negative 読よめない is the one you will use most, because it is the honest thing to say about kanji you have not met yet.

Beyond the basics

How do you say "I can't read this kanji"?

Say 漢字かんじが読よめません (polite) or 読よめない (casual). To ask for help, use 読み方よみかた, "the way of reading."

この漢字かんじが読よめません。 — I can't read this kanji. (polite, classroom) この漢字かんじの読み方よみかたを教おしえてください。 — Please tell me how to read this kanji. (polite, request) これ、なんて読よむの? — How do you read this? (casual, to a friend)

なんて読よむの? is the shortest, most natural way to ask. You can also say 何なんと読よみますか in a polite setting. Note the verb: Japanese asks "what do you read it as?" rather than "how do you read it?"

What are 音読おんよみ and 訓読くんよみ?

音読おんよみ (おんよみ) is the Chinese-derived reading of a kanji, and 訓読くんよみ (くんよみ) is the native Japanese reading. The kanji 読どく is a good example: its 音読おんよみ is ドク (as in 読書どくしょ), and its 訓読くんよみ is よ-む.

A rough rule of thumb: kanji standing alone with okurigana usually use the 訓読くんよみ (読よむ), while kanji packed into compound words usually use the 音読おんよみ (読書どくしょ, 読者どくしゃ). There are plenty of exceptions, which is why this deserves its own study plan. The order in which Japanese learners usually meet the three scripts is explained in hiragana, katakana, kanji: which order to learn.

読書どくしょが好すきです。 — I like reading. (polite, 読書どくしょ = reading as a hobby) これは読み物よみものとして面白おもしろい。 — This is interesting as something to read. (casual, 読み物よみもの = reading material)

読書どくしょ (どくしょ) is reading as an activity or hobby; 読み物よみもの (よみもの) is the thing you read — an article, a story, a light book. For starting an actual reading habit, the how to start reading in Japanese article covers graded readers.

What does 空気くうきを読よむ mean?

空気くうきを読よむ (くうきをよむ) literally means "to read the air," and it means to sense the mood of a situation and act accordingly — "read the room." The negative, 空気くうきが読よめない, describes someone who misses the mood.

あの人ひとは空気くうきが読よめない。 — That person can't read the room. (casual, mild criticism) ちょっと空気くうきを読よんでよ。 — Come on, read the room. (casual, annoyed request)

The shortened version KY (空気くうきが読よめない) was a slang term for years; you may still see it in older anime and manga. It is a little pointed, so do not say it to someone's face.

How is 読よむ used for manga and reading aloud?

For manga you simply say 漫画まんがを読よむ. For reading aloud, use 声こえに出だして読よむ or the noun 音読おんどく (おんどく). Silent reading is 黙読もくどく (もくどく).

漫画まんがを読よむのが好すきです。 — I like reading manga. (polite, hobby) 声こえに出だして読よんでみてください。 — Please try reading it out loud. (polite, teacher's instruction)

音読おんどく is one of the most effective study habits for new learners, since it forces you to attach a sound to every kanji instead of guessing from the shape.

Common mistakes

  • Using 見みる for text. 本ほんを見みる is "to look at a book." For the act of reading, use 読よむ. 見みる is for pictures, TV, and glances.
  • Conjugating 読よむ as a る-verb. 読よます and 読どくて are wrong. It must be 読よみます and 読よんで.
  • Mixing up 読み方よみかた and 読み物よみもの. The first is "how to read (a word)"; the second is "reading material." Only the ending changes the meaning.
  • Saying 読よめます for "I read." 読よめます means "I can read." For habit or past action, use 読よみます or 読よんだ.
  • Translating "read my mind" word for word. "Reading the room" works in Japanese (空気くうきを読よむ), but "reading someone's mind" is 心こころを読よむ and sounds like a psychic power. For ordinary guessing, use 気持きもちを察さっする.

Common 読どく words

Word Reading Meaning
読よむ よむ to read
読よめる よめる can read
読み方よみかた よみかた how to read; the reading
読書どくしょ どくしょ reading (hobby)
読み物よみもの よみもの reading material
音読おんどく おんどく reading aloud
空気くうきを読よむ くうきをよむ read the room

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 4 and 5 are a pair — the same verb, "do" versus "can do."

1. Say "I read a book" in polite Japanese.

Show answer

本ほんを読よみます — を marks the thing you read, and 読よみます is the polite form.

2. Make the past casual form of 読よむ.

Show answer

読よんだ — む becomes ん before た, like 飲のんだ.

3. What is wrong with 読どくてください?

Show answer

読どくて is not the te-form. It must be 読よんでください, because む-verbs change to ん.

4. Say "I read manga every day."

Show answer

毎日まいにち漫画まんがを読よみます — a habit, so the normal verb. This pairs with question 5.

5. Say "I can read manga" (I am able to).

Show answer

漫画まんがが読よめます — the potential form 読よめる shows ability, not a habit.

6. How do you tell a teacher "I can't read this kanji"?

Show answer

この漢字かんじが読よめません — 読よめません is the polite negative of 読よめる.

7. Ask a friend "How do you read this?" in casual Japanese.

Show answer

これ、なんて読よむの? — Japanese asks "what do you read it as?"

8. Which means "reading material": 読み方よみかた or 読み物よみもの?

Show answer

読み物よみもの — 読み方よみかた is "how to read," while 読み物よみもの is the thing you read.

9. Someone keeps talking loudly during a quiet moment. What might you say about them?

Show answer

空気くうきが読よめない人ひとだ — "a person who can't read the room."

10. Is the 読どく in 読書どくしょ an 音読おんよみ or a 訓読くんよみ?

Show answer

音読おんよみ — it is read ドク in the compound 読書どくしょ.

In a 30-minute trial lesson, talk about your reading with 読よみます, 読よんだ and 読よんで, and use 空気くうきを読よむ once.

FAQ

Is 読よむ a る-verb or a う-verb? It is a う-verb (godan). The ending is む, so it conjugates like 飲のむ: 読よみます, 読よんで, 読よんだ.

What is the difference between 読よめる and 読よむことができる? Both mean "can read." 読よめる is shorter and more natural in speech. 読よむことができる is more formal or explanatory.

Do I use を or が with 読よめる? Both appear. 漢字かんじが読よめる is the textbook form and the safest choice. 漢字かんじを読よめる is common in casual speech.

What does 読み方よみかた mean? It means "the way of reading" — how a kanji or word is pronounced. この漢字かんじの読み方よみかた means "the reading of this kanji."

Is 空気くうきを読よむ only a bad thing? No. Saying someone 空気くうきを読よんだ (read the room) is a compliment. The negative form, 読よめない, is the critical one.

Do anime characters say 読よむ a lot? Yes, often in "I can't read your mind" or "I read you" type lines (読よんでいた, "I saw it coming"). Here 読よむ means to anticipate, which fits its "read the situation" sense.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

読む	よむ — to read
読める	よめる — can read
読み方	よみかた — how to read, the reading
読書	どくしょ — reading (hobby)
読み物	よみもの — reading material
音読	おんどく — reading aloud
黙読	もくどく — silent reading
音読み	おんよみ — Chinese-derived reading
訓読み	くんよみ — native Japanese reading
空気を読む	くうきをよむ — to read the room
漫画	まんが — manga
漢字	かんじ — kanji
本	ほん — book
手紙	てがみ — letter

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard learners ask about. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

More “Action Words: Japanese Verbs One at a Time” articles →

Want to try this in a real conversation?

30-minute trial lesson, $13. Times shown in your own timezone.

Practice it out loud with a Tokyo native. ★5.0 from 358 italki reviews.

See how the lessons work →

Book a trial lesson · $13