LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Sep 30, 2026

Good morning and good night in Japanese: おはよう, おやすみ and the evening greeting in between

Good morning is おはよう (casual) or おはようございます (polite), good night is おやすみ (casual) or おやすみなさい (polite), and the trap is that おやすみ only means "good night" when someone is about to sleep — it is not the word for saying goodbye in the evening.

English "good night" is for bedtime, and you would say "see you tomorrow" or "have a good evening" when leaving work. Japanese splits those jobs across three or four different phrases. Learn the split once and the whole day of greetings makes sense.

The basics

How do you say good morning in Japanese?

おはようございます is the safe default, and おはよう is the same greeting with the polite ending cut off. Use the long form with teachers, bosses, neighbours, shop staff and anyone you do not know well. Use the short form with friends, family and people younger than you.

おはようございます。 — Good morning. (polite, the default for any adult you are not close to) おはよう。 — Morning. (casual, friends and family) おはよう、今日きょうも早はやいね。 — Morning, you're early again today. (casual, to a friend or classmate)

The word comes from はやい (early), which is why it feels tied to the morning. Skipping ございます to a boss is the mistake to avoid; it sounds like you are talking to a classmate. In a family scene, おはよう is often followed a few minutes later by someone calling out that 朝あさご飯はん is ready — see breakfast, lunch and dinner in Japanese.

How do you say good night in Japanese?

おやすみなさい is polite and おやすみ is casual, and both mean "have a good rest" — said when the other person is going to bed, or when you are. The root is やすむ, "to rest".

おやすみなさい。 — Good night. (polite, to a host, a parent-in-law or an older person before bed) おやすみ。 — Night. (casual, to family, a partner or a close friend) おやすみ、また明日あしたね。 — Night, see you tomorrow. (casual, texting a friend before sleeping)

If you remember one rule from this article, make it this: おやすみ belongs to bedtime.

What do you say in the evening when you meet someone?

こんばんは — "good evening" — is for arriving, never for leaving. You say it when you meet or enter, the same way こんにちは works in daytime.

こんばんは。 — Good evening. (polite, when you meet someone after dark) こんばんは、遅おそくにすみません。 — Good evening, sorry for calling so late. (polite, at a door or on a phone call)

For the full daytime set, see how to say hello in Japanese, which covers こんにちは and why it is used less than learners expect.

What goes where? A quick table

Situation Time Person Say
First meeting of the day Morning Boss, teacher, stranger おはようございます
First meeting of the day Morning Friend, family おはよう
Meeting someone After dark Anyone (polite) こんばんは
Going to bed Night Family, close friend おやすみ
Going to bed Night Host, older person おやすみなさい
Leaving work Evening Coworker お疲つかれさまです / お先さきに失礼しつれいします
Parting for the day Evening Friend また明日あした

Beyond the basics

Why do people say おはようございます in the evening at work?

In some industries, おはようございます is the greeting for the first time you see someone that day — even at 5 p.m. It is best known from TV, radio, theatre and other shift-based work, where people arrive at very different hours. A crew member starting an evening shift greets everyone with おはようございます because it is the start of their day.

おはようございます。今日きょうはよろしくお願ねがいします。 — Good morning. Thanks for working with me today. (polite, said at any hour in a workplace where this is the habit)

You will hear this in anime that show a backstage or studio setting: characters arrive at night and still say it. Most ordinary offices use it only in the morning, so copy what your coworkers do. If you hear it at a strange hour, it is not a mistake.

How do people say good morning in a casual or slangy way?

Very casual speech shrinks おはよう even further. Friends might say おっす (a gruff, cheerful "yo, morning") or just おは, which is common in text messages and among younger people.

おっす! — Yo! (very casual, a stereotypical energetic greeting between male friends) おは〜。 — Morn~ (very casual, texting or chatting, soft and lazy tone) おはよ。 — 'Morn. (casual, half-asleep version)

Anime loves おっす for the loud, sporty best-friend character. In real life it is fine among friends but odd in a serious room, so treat it as a costume you wear with people you know.

What do you say when you leave someone in the evening?

Not おやすみ at 6 p.m. When you finish work or say goodbye to a friend, use a phrase that closes the day, not one that starts sleep. (Late at night, to someone heading home to sleep, おやすみなさい is fine.)

お疲つかれさまでした。 — Good work today. (polite, leaving work or finishing something together) お先さきに失礼しつれいします。 — Excuse me for leaving first. (polite, leaving the office before others) じゃあ、また明日あした。 — Okay, see you tomorrow. (casual, parting with a friend or classmate)

お疲つかれさま has its own long story, and we cover it in what otsukaresama means. The short version: it is the standard way to say goodbye to a coworker when work ends: a "thanks for today", not a "good night".

Is there something warmer than おやすみ?

Yes: いい夢見ゆめみてね, "sweet dreams", and a small add-on for someone you care about.

おやすみ。いい夢見ゆめみてね。 — Good night. Sweet dreams. (casual, to a child, partner or close friend) ゆっくり休やすんでね。 — Get some good rest. (casual, to someone tired or unwell)

Notice the pattern: the closer you are to someone, the more you add after おやすみ. Strangers only get the bare polite form.

How do greetings work inside a family?

Inside the home, everyone uses the casual forms, and children often say おやすみなさい to parents before bed as a small polite habit. This is one of the few places where the polite form survives in a very close relationship. Morning at home is just おはよう.

おはよう、ご飯はんできてるよ。 — Morning, breakfast is ready. (casual, a parent to a child) おやすみなさい。 — Good night. (polite, a child to a parent before bed, a family habit)

Other home greetings have their own set, so if this interests you, see ただいま and おかえり for the arrive-and-return pair. Together, these five or six phrases run a whole household day.

Common mistakes

  • Saying おやすみなさい when leaving the office. Nobody is going to bed yet. Use お疲つかれさまでした or お先さきに失礼しつれいします.
  • Saying こんばんは to end a conversation. こんばんは is an arrival greeting. To part, use また明日あした or a "see you" phrase.
  • Dropping ございます to a boss or teacher. おはよう alone sounds too casual to someone above you.
  • Using おっす or おは at work or with elders. These are friend-only forms. In a serious room, they sound careless.
  • Saying おはようございます to a friend who has been awake for hours and is not a coworker. It is not wrong, but it feels stiff. Switch to おはよう once you are close.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 5 and 6 are a pair — two ways of parting for the day, and only one of them is about going to bed.

1. Greet your teacher when you arrive at 9 a.m.

Show answer

おはようございます — a teacher is someone you speak politely to, so keep ございます.

2. Greet your best friend in the morning.

Show answer

おはよう — casual, no ございます needed between close friends.

3. You meet a neighbour at 8 p.m. in the hallway. What do you say?

Show answer

こんばんは — it is after dark, and こんばんは is the greeting for meeting someone in the evening.

4. Your child is going to bed. Say "good night" casually.

Show answer

おやすみ — the casual bedtime phrase. You could add いい夢見ゆめみてね for warmth.

5. It is 6 p.m. and you are leaving the office. A coworker is still working. What do you say?

Show answer

お先さきに失礼しつれいします — "excuse me for leaving first." おやすみなさい is wrong because nobody is going to bed.

6. A host walks you to the guest room at midnight. What do you say to them?

Show answer

おやすみなさい — now it is bedtime, so おやすみなさい is right. Use the polite form for a host.

7. You are a TV crew member arriving for an evening shift. What is the standard greeting on arrival?

Show answer

おはようございます — in that industry it is the greeting for the first meeting of the day, at any hour.

8. A friend texts you "おは〜" in the morning. What does it mean and how do you reply?

Show answer

It is a shortened おはよう — very casual "morn". You can reply おは or おはよう.

9. Why is こんばんは a wrong way to end an evening chat with a friend?

Show answer

こんばんは is for meeting, not parting. To end the chat say また明日あした or じゃあね.

10. Someone says お疲つかれさまでした at the end of the workday. Give a natural reply.

Show answer

お疲つかれさまでした — the same phrase back. It is a mutual "good work today", so both people say it.

Say おはよう, おはようございます and おやすみ at the right moments in a trial lesson, and check what to use for the evening in between.

FAQ

Is おはよう ever used in the afternoon? In casual talk, when a friend wakes up late, it is used jokingly. In some workplaces it is the first-meeting greeting at any hour, as described above.

Can I say こんばんは to end a conversation? No. こんばんは is an arrival greeting. To part in the evening, use お疲つかれさまでした, お先さきに失礼しつれいします or また明日あした.

What is the difference between おやすみ and おやすみなさい? Same meaning; おやすみなさい adds the polite ending. Use おやすみ with family and close friends, and おやすみなさい with anyone you would otherwise speak politely to.

Do I say おはようございます to my coworker at 3 p.m.? Not in most offices. If it is their first appearance that day, a few workplaces do. Watch what colleagues do and follow it.

Is おっす rude? Not rude, but very casual. It suits friends of similar age and would sound off with a boss or teacher.

Can I say おやすみなさい to someone leaving late at night? Sometimes, if they are heading home to sleep. To be safe, use お疲つかれさまでした or お気きをつけて for a colleague or acquaintance.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

おはよう	おはよう — good morning (casual)
おはようございます	おはようございます — good morning (polite)
おっす	おっす — yo, morning (very casual)
おやすみ	おやすみ — good night (casual)
おやすみなさい	おやすみなさい — good night (polite)
こんばんは	こんばんは — good evening
いい夢	いいゆめ — sweet dreams
また明日	またあした — see you tomorrow
お疲れさま	おつかれさま — good work today
お先に失礼します	おさきにしつれいします — excuse me for leaving first
休む	やすむ — to rest
早い	はやい — early
ご飯	ごはん — meal, rice

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about — including this one, since おやすみ at the wrong moment is a classic beginner slip. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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