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N5Lesson notes · Oct 9, 2026

Few in Japanese: how do you say "few" and "a little" with 少すくない and 少すこし?

少すくない (sukunai) means "few" or "not much" and usually sits at the end of a sentence (人ひとが少すくない), while 少すこし (sukoshi) means "a little" and sits before a verb or adjective (少すこし食たべる).

English uses "few" and "little" in front of a noun: "few people", "little water". Japanese flips this. The word for "few" is most natural as the description of a thing, not a label stuck in front of it. Once you feel that flip, the rest falls into place.

The basics

What does 少すくない mean?

少すくない is an i-adjective that says the number or amount is smaller than it should be. It carries a slight feeling of "not enough".

人ひとが少すくないですね。 — There aren't many people, are there? (polite, noticing an empty place) お金かねが少すくない。 — I don't have much money. (casual, a mild complaint)

Notice the pattern: thing + が + 少すくない. The thing is the subject, and 少すくない describes it. "People — few." This is the shape you will use 90% of the time.

Because it is an i-adjective, it conjugates like one: 少すくなかった (there were few), 少すくなくない (not few, i.e. quite a lot), 少すくなくて (few, and...).

昨日きのうは客きゃくが少すくなかった。 — There were few customers yesterday. (casual, past tense) この店みせは、安やすくて、人ひとも少すくなくて、いいです。 — This shop is cheap, and it's not crowded, so it's good. (polite, te-form linking reasons)

What does 少すこし mean?

少すこし is an adverb meaning "a little" or "a bit". It goes before the verb or adjective it describes, and it does not need a particle.

少すこし食たべました。 — I ate a little. (polite) 日本語にほんごが少すこしわかります。 — I understand a little Japanese. (polite, the classic self-introduction line)

It can also mean "slightly" with adjectives: 少すこし高たかい = "a little expensive". And it works as a noun-modifier with の: 少すこしの水みず = "a little water".

How are they different?

Here is the short version: 少すくない is an adjective that judges "not enough". 少すこし is an adverb that simply says "a small amount", with no complaint attached.

水みずが少すくない。 — There isn't much water. (a problem: it might run out) 水みずを少すこし飲のんだ。 — I drank a little water. (just a fact: a small amount)

Same idea of "small quantity", but 少すくない judges and 少すこし reports. That is the one-sentence difference to remember.

Can you use them with the same noun?

Yes, but the grammar around the noun changes.

水みずが少すくない。 — The water is low. (少すくない as the predicate) 少すこしの水みずがあれば大丈夫だいじょうぶです。 — A little water is enough. (少すこしの + noun, polite)

Both are fine. What is not fine is putting 少すくない straight in front of a person or an everyday countable noun, which is the next section.

Beyond the basics

Why does "少すくない人ひと" sound odd?

Because English "few people" does not translate word for word. 少すくない人ひと sounds unnatural, like a person who is themselves "few". Japanese avoids that and picks one of these instead:

  • 人ひとが少すくない — the natural predicate version: "there are few people"
  • 少数しょうすうの人ひと — "a small number of people" (a little formal, written)
  • 数人すうにん — "several people / a few people" (neutral)
  • わずかな人ひと — "a mere handful of people" (a bit literary)

この町まちは人ひとが少すくない。 — This town has few people. (casual, predicate pattern) 少数しょうすうの人ひとしか知しらない。 — Only a small number of people know. (formal-ish, with しか)

少すくない does appear before nouns when the noun is abstract: 少すくない予算よさん ("a small budget"), 少すくない時間じかん ("little time"). But for people and things you count, a predicate sentence is safer.

Isn't ちょっと more common than 少すこし?

In conversation, yes. ちょっと is the casual, everyday cousin of 少すこし, and it pulls double duty as a soft refusal.

ちょっと待まって。 — Wait a moment. (casual) ちょっと食たべてみる? — Want to try a little? (casual, offering) ちょっとそれは… — That's a bit... (a polite way to say no without saying no)

少すこし feels slightly neater and more polite. ちょっと feels spoken and friendly. You can swap them in most places, but 少すこし is the safer choice in writing and formal speech.

How do you say "a few" (not "few")?

This is where English tricks learners. "A few" is mildly positive: some, enough to matter. "Few" is negative: hardly any. Japanese keeps these apart.

  • A few (positive): いくつか, 何人なんにんか, 数人すうにん, 少すこし
  • Few (negative): 少すくない, ほとんど〜ない

友達ともだちが何人なんにんか来きました。 — A few friends came. (polite, "some came") 友達ともだちはほとんど来こなかった。 — Almost no friends came. (casual, "hardly any")

If you translate "a few" as 少すくない, the sentence turns negative. 友達ともだちが少すくない means "I don't have many friends", which sounds like a sad statement. For the cheerful "a few", reach for 何人なんにんか or 数人すうにん.

What does 数かず (すう) do?

数かず on its own means "several / a few", and it attaches to counters: 数人すうにん (a few people), 数日すうじつ (a few days), 数回すうかい (a few times). It is a tidy way to say "a few" without choosing a number. If counters make you nervous, the guide to Japanese counters and "how many" walks through the basics.

数日前すうじつまえに会あいました。 — I met them a few days ago. (polite) 数回すうかい行いったことがあります。 — I have been there a few times. (polite)

How do you say "at least" and "hardly any"?

Two neighbours worth knowing. 少すくなくとも is "at least" — it comes from 少すくない itself. The full story is in how to say "at least" in Japanese.

少すくなくとも三十さんじゅう分ふんはかかります。 — It takes at least thirty minutes. (polite)

ほとんど〜ない is "hardly any" or "almost none", and it needs a negative verb. See ほとんど and ほぼ for how it differs from "almost".

ほとんど人ひとがいなかった。 — There was hardly anybody. (casual, past)

Where do you hear them in anime?

The most common one is 残り少のこりすくない — "running low". It shows up when time, energy, or lives are running out: 時間じかんが残り少のこりすくない ("there's little time left"). Often a character says it with a grim face before a final fight.

時間じかんが残り少のこりすくない。急いそごう! — There's little time left. Let's hurry! (casual, urgent) 少すこしだけ、待まってくれ。 — Wait just a little. (casual and masculine, だけ makes it "only a little")

少すこしだけ is the gentle version: "just a little". It softens a request and appears in a lot of dramatic pleas.

Opposite words for contrast

If 少すくない is "few", the opposite is 多おおい ("many"). They behave the same way: 人ひとが多おおい, 人ひとが少すくない. For more ways to say "a lot", including the ones that work before nouns, see how to say "a lot" in Japanese.

How to practise it

Look at an everyday scene and describe it in the thing + が + 少すくない / 多おおい pattern. A train carriage at night: 人ひとが少すくない. A café at lunch: 人ひとが多おおい. A fridge near payday: 食べ物たべものが少すくない. Then add 少すこし to a verb: 少すこし食たべる, 少すこし寝ねる.

Then watch an anime clip and listen for the "few" words. Count how often you hear ちょっと versus 少すこし. You will quickly notice which one is the spoken default.

Common mistakes

  • Translating "a few" as 少すくない. "A few friends" is 友達ともだちが何人なんにんか, not 友達ともだちが少すくない. The second one says you lack friends.
  • Writing 少すくないの水みず. You cannot attach の to a plain adjective like this. Say 水みずが少すくない (predicate) or 少すこしの水みず (少すこし + の).
  • Putting 少すくない in front of a verb. 少すくない食たべる is wrong. The adverb is 少すこし (or 少すくなく, "less," as in 少すくなめに食たべる). 少すこし食たべる is right.
  • Mixing up the parts of speech. 少すくない is an adjective, so it works like 高たかい or 大おおきい. 少すこし is an adverb, so it works like もっと or とても. The grammar around them differs.
  • Forgetting ほとんど needs a negative. ほとんど来きた is not "hardly came". ほとんど来こなかった is.

少すくない, 少すこし and friends at a glance

Word Part of speech Feel Example
少すくない i-adjective "Not enough" (judging) 人ひとが少すくない
少すこし adverb "A little" (neutral) 少すこし食たべる
ちょっと adverb Casual "a bit" ちょっと待まって
何人なんにんか / いくつか question word + か "A few" (positive) 何人なんにんか来きた
数人すうにん / 数日すうじつ / 数回すうかい 数かず + counter "A few" (neutral) 数日前すうじつまえ
少すくなくとも adverb "At least" 少すくなくとも三十さんじゅう分ふん
ほとんど〜ない adverb + negative "Hardly any" ほとんどいない
残り少のこりすくない adjective phrase "Running low" 時間じかんが残り少のこりすくない

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair — the same idea going two different ways.

1. Say "There are few people in this town."

Show answer

この町まちは人ひとが少すくない — the natural pattern is thing + が + 少すくない, with 少すくない as the predicate.

2. Say "I understand a little Japanese."

Show answer

日本語にほんごが少すこしわかります — 少すこし is an adverb and goes before the verb. It simply reports a small amount.

3. Say "A few friends came" in a cheerful way.

Show answer

友達ともだちが何人なんにんか来きました — 何人なんにんか means "some, a few" in a positive sense. This is the pair to question 4.

4. Say "Hardly any friends came."

Show answer

友達ともだちはほとんど来こなかった — ほとんど needs a negative verb. Negative "few" is ほとんど〜ない or 少すくない, never 何人なんにんか.

5. What is wrong with 少すくないの水みず?

Show answer

少すくないの水みず attaches の to an adjective, which does not work. Say 水みずが少すくない, or 少すこしの水みず if you mean "a little water".

6. Choose 少すくない or 少すこし: 「水みずを( )飲のんだ」.

Show answer

少すこし — it is an adverb in front of the verb 飲のんだ. 少すくない is an adjective and cannot modify a verb this way.

7. Say "I met them a few days ago."

Show answer

数日前すうじつまえに会あいました — 数かず + counter gives a neutral "a few": 数日すうじつ is "a few days".

8. Say "It takes at least thirty minutes."

Show answer

少すくなくとも三十さんじゅう分ふんはかかります — 少すくなくとも is built from 少すくない and means "at least".

9. A character says "There's little time left." What does it sound like?

Show answer

時間じかんが残り少のこりすくない — 残り少のこりすくない is "running low". It uses the predicate pattern, with 時間じかん as the thing.

10. Which is more casual: 少すこし or ちょっと?

Show answer

ちょっと — it is the spoken, everyday word. 少すこし is slightly neater, so it is the safer choice in writing and formal speech.

FAQ

Is 少すくない the same as 少すこし? No. 少すくない is an adjective that says the amount is not enough, and 少すこし is an adverb that says "a little". 人ひとが少すくない means there are few people; 少すこし食たべる means eat a little.

Can I say 少すくない人ひと? It sounds unnatural. Use 人ひとが少すくない (there are few people), 少数しょうすうの人ひと (a small number of people), or 数人すうにん (a few people) instead.

How do I say "a few" in Japanese? Use 何人なんにんか, いくつか, or 数かず + a counter like 数人すうにん and 数日すうじつ. These feel positive, like "some". Do not use 少すくない, which feels negative.

Is 少すこし polite? Should I use ちょっと? Both are fine. ちょっと is more casual and spoken; 少すこし is neater and safer in writing and in formal speech.

What is the difference between 少すくない and 少すくなく? 少すくなく is the adverb form of 少すくない, used before a verb: 少すくなめに食たべる (eat a bit less). 少すくない is the plain adjective used at the end of a sentence.

How do I say "very few"? Use ほとんど〜ない: ほとんどいない means "there is hardly anybody". You can also say とても少すくない ("very few" or "very little").

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab, and each line becomes one card.

少ない	すくない — few, not much
少し	すこし — a little
ちょっと	ちょっと — a bit (casual)
何人か	なんにんか — a few people, some people
数人	すうにん — a few people
数日	すうじつ — a few days
数回	すうかい — a few times
少なくとも	すくなくとも — at least
ほとんど	ほとんど — almost, hardly (with a negative)
残り少ない	のこりすくない — running low
少数	しょうすう — a small number
多い	おおい — many, a lot
人	ひと — person
水	みず — water
時間	じかん — time

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard in class and on screen. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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