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N4Lesson notes · Sep 30, 2026

Almost in Japanese: ほとんど (hotondo), ほぼ (hobo) and もう少すこしで

Japanese has no single word for "almost" — English uses one word for three ideas, and Japanese splits them: ほとんど / ほぼ for "nearly all," 〜そうになった / もう少すこしで for "I nearly did it," and もうすぐ / あと少すこし for "almost there."

If you look up "almost" in a dictionary you get a pile of words with no instructions. The trick is to ask which kind of almost you mean before you pick the word. Get that right and the rest is easy.

The basics

What are the three kinds of "almost"?

English "almost" covers three situations, and each one has its own Japanese toolkit:

Meaning Japanese Example
Nearly all / nearly the full amount ほとんど, ほぼ, だいたい ほとんど食たべた — I ate almost all of it
A near miss (it nearly happened) 〜そうになった, もう少すこしで〜ところだった, 危あやうく 転ころびそうになった — I almost fell
Almost there (nearly at the goal) もうすぐ, あと少すこし, もう少すこし もうすぐ着つきます — We're almost there

Whenever "almost" shows up in your head, sort it into one of these rows first.

How do you say "almost all" with ほとんど?

ほとんど is the everyday word for "most of / nearly all." It works as an adverb ("ate almost all of it") and as a noun ("most people"), which is what makes it so useful.

ほとんど食たべました。 — I ate almost all of it. (polite, adverb) ほとんどの人ひとが知しっています。 — Almost everyone knows. (polite, noun + の) 宿題しゅくだいはほとんど終おわりました。 — The homework is almost done. (polite, "nearly finished")

Notice ほとんどの人ひと: the の links ほとんど to a noun, like "most of the people." You can't do that with ほぼ, which is one of the cleanest ways to tell them apart.

What's different about ほぼ?

ほぼ means "nearly, just about," and it feels a little more written and precise than ほとんど. It loves numbers, percentages and "same as" statements.

ほぼ100パーセントです。 — It's almost 100 percent. (polite, precise) 二人ふたりの意見いけんはほぼ同おなじです。 — The two opinions are almost the same. (polite, comparing) ほぼ毎日まいにち、日本語にほんごを勉強べんきょうしています。 — I study Japanese almost every day. (polite, ほぼ + frequency)

You can say ほぼ in casual talk too (ほぼ毎日まいにち, ほぼ終おわった), but it sounds a little more precise than ほとんど. Think "virtually" versus "pretty much."

Where does だいたい fit in?

だいたい means "roughly, approximately" — it's about a ballpark, not about being one step short. だいたい三時さんじ is "around three o'clock"; it doesn't claim to be nearly three. It also drifts toward "mostly" (だいたいわかった, "I mostly got it"), which is where it overlaps with ほとんど. We unpack that whole word, including the surprising "in the first place" meaning, in the だいたい article.

Beyond the basics

How do you say "I almost fell"?

Use the そう stem + になった: 転ころびそうになった. It describes something that started to happen and didn't. This is the natural, everyday near-miss pattern.

転ころびそうになった。 — I almost fell. (casual, past tense) 電車でんしゃに乗のり遅おくれそうになりました。 — I almost missed the train. (polite) 危あやうく泣なきそうになった。 — I nearly cried. (casual, 危あやうく adds "by a hair")

This そう is the same そう as in 雨あめが降ふりそうです ("it looks like rain") — it attaches to the verb stem. If that's shaky, the そうです article has the full breakdown. The difference: 転ころびそうだ says "it looks like I'm going to fall"; 転ころびそうになった says "I got to that point, and then didn't."

What are もう少すこしで and 危あやうく doing?

もう少すこしで〜ところだった means "another little bit and it would have happened," and 危あやうく adds "narrowly." These are your dramatic near-miss words, and they pair with ところだった, the "about to" grammar covered in the ところ article.

もう少すこしで遅刻ちこくするところだった。 — I was almost late. (casual, "a little more and I'd have been late") 危あやうく財布さいふを忘わすれるところでした。 — I nearly forgot my wallet. (polite, narrow escape) もう少すこしで勝かてたのに。 — I could have won, if only a bit more. (casual, regret; the event did not happen)

Two things worth noticing. First, both 〜そうになった and 〜ところだった mean the thing did not happen. Second, 危あやうく feels like a small heart-jump: it's the "phew" word.

How do you say "we're almost there"?

もうすぐ is "very soon" (time), あと少すこし is "just a little more to go" (distance or effort), and もう少すこし is "a bit more." English "almost there" flexes across all of these.

もうすぐ着つきます。 — We'll be there soon. (polite, time or distance) あと少すこしで終おわります。 — It'll be done in just a bit. (polite, only a little remains) あと少すこしだ、がんばれ! — Almost there, hang in there! (casual, encouragement, common in sports anime)

If you want the もう in もうすぐ to feel less mysterious, the もう vs まだ article explains how it works with time.

What if "almost" means "hardly" instead?

ほとんど + a negative verb means "hardly" — almost none, not almost all. This is the biggest trap in the whole topic, because the same word flips meaning depending on how the sentence ends.

ほとんど食たべました。 — I ate almost all of it. (polite, affirmative) ほとんど食たべませんでした。 — I hardly ate anything. (polite, negative) ほとんど覚おぼえていません。 — I barely remember. (polite, negative)

The word points at the extreme end of the scale, and the verb decides which end. With an affirmative verb, ほとんど means "nearly the whole amount." With a negative verb, it means "nearly none of it." That's why one word can mean both "nearly everything" and "hardly anything."

How does this sound in anime?

Near misses and "almost there" moments are anime staples. A fight ends with 危あぶなかった! ("that was close!"). A training arc ends with あと少すこし!. A character who nearly says a secret gets stopped with もう少すこしで言いうところだった. Listen for the pairing 〜ところだった after もう少すこしで or 危あやうく — once you spot it, it's everywhere.

Common mistakes

  • Using ほとんど for "almost there." ほとんど着つきました isn't what you want. For "nearly at the destination," use もうすぐ or あと少すこし.
  • Forgetting that ほとんど + negative means "hardly." ほとんど食たべませんでした means you barely ate, not that you almost ate it all.
  • Putting の after ほぼ. ほとんどの人ひと is normal, but ほぼの人ひと isn't. Use ほぼ全員ぜんいん ("nearly everyone") instead.
  • Translating "almost fell" with ほとんど. ほとんど転ころんだ doesn't work. Use 転ころびそうになった or もう少すこしで転ころぶところだった.
  • Using 〜そうになった for things that did happen. The pattern means it didn't. If you fell, it's 転ころんだ.

Almost, sorted

English Japanese Feel Example
Almost all (amount) ほとんど Everyday, flexible ほとんど終おわった
Almost, precisely ほぼ Slightly formal, numbers ほぼ100%
Roughly だいたい Approximate, casual だいたい三時さんじ
Almost happened 〜そうになった Everyday 転ころびそうになった
Nearly (dramatic) もう少すこしで〜ところだった Narrated, vivid もう少すこしで遅おくれるところだった
Narrowly 危あやうく〜ところだった "Phew" feeling 危あやうく忘わすれるところだった
Almost there もうすぐ / あと少すこし Everyday, encouraging もうすぐ着つく
Hardly ほとんど + negative Negative sentence ほとんど食たべなかった

FAQ

Is ほとんど or ほぼ more common? ほとんど is the everyday one, especially with ほとんどの人ひと and negatives. ほぼ is more precise and shows up with numbers and comparisons.

Can ほとんど and ほぼ ever swap? Often, with verbs: ほとんど終おわった and ほぼ終おわった are both fine. They can't swap when you need ほとんどの + noun, or ほとんど + negative for "hardly."

Does だいたい mean "almost"? Not exactly. だいたい means "roughly" or "mostly." It doesn't describe a near miss or "almost there."

What's the difference between もうすぐ and もう少すこし? もうすぐ is about time or arrival ("very soon"). もう少すこし is about amount ("a little more"), as in もう少すこしゆっくり話はなしてください.

How do I say "almost" for near misses in polite speech? 〜そうになりました and 〜ところでした. Both work politely.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair — the same word, opposite meaning.

1. Say "I almost fell."

Show answer

転ころびそうになった — verb stem + そうになった, the near-miss pattern. It means you did not actually fall.

2. You're on a long walk and your friend asks how far. Say "We're almost there."

Show answer

もうすぐ着つきます — もうすぐ is the "almost there" word for arrival. あと少すこしです also works.

3. Say "I ate almost all of it."

Show answer

ほとんど食たべました — ほとんど with an affirmative verb means "nearly all."

4. Say "I hardly ate anything."

Show answer

ほとんど食たべませんでした — the same ほとんど, but with a negative verb it means "hardly." Pair this with question 3.

5. Say "Almost everyone knows" using ほとんど as a noun.

Show answer

ほとんどの人ひとが知しっています — ほとんど + の links to the noun "people." You can't do this with ほぼ.

6. Which is more natural for "It's almost 100 percent": ほとんど100パーセント or ほぼ100パーセント?

Show answer

ほぼ100パーセント — ほぼ pairs naturally with numbers and precise statements.

7. Say "I was almost late" using もう少すこしで.

Show answer

もう少すこしで遅刻ちこくするところだった — もう少すこしで pairs with ところだった for a near miss. The lateness didn't happen.

8. Your friend says 危あやうく忘わすれるところだった. Did they forget?

Show answer

No — 危あやうく〜ところだった means "narrowly avoided." They remembered just in time.

9. What is wrong with ほとんど着つきました for "we're almost there"?

Show answer

ほとんど describes amount, not nearness to a goal. Use もうすぐ着つきます or あと少すこしで着つきます.

10. Someone shouts あと少すこし! during a race. What are they saying?

Show answer

"Almost there! Just a little more!" — あと少すこし is the encouraging "just a bit more to go."

ほとんど and ほぼ are for things that are nearly complete and もう少すこしで is for things that nearly happened, so in a trial lesson tell me about a task you have nearly finished and a near miss.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

ほとんど	ほとんど — almost all; (with negative) hardly
ほぼ	ほぼ — nearly, just about
だいたい	だいたい — roughly; mostly
転ぶ	ころぶ — to fall over
危うく	あやうく — narrowly, nearly
もう少しで	もうすこしで — in a little more (nearly)
もうすぐ	もうすぐ — soon, almost there
あと少し	あとすこし — just a little more
遅刻する	ちこくする — to be late
財布	さいふ — wallet
忘れる	わすれる — to forget
宿題	しゅくだい — homework
終わる	おわる — to finish
覚える	おぼえる — to remember
着く	つく — to arrive
危ない	あぶない — dangerous; close call

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard learners ask about — and "almost" is one of the words that turns up again and again. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

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