LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Fear in Japanese: 恐怖きょうふ (きょうふ), 怖こわさ, 怖こわがる, 〜恐怖症きょうふしょう, and ビビる

"Fear" in Japanese is 恐怖きょうふ (きょうふ), a strong word for terror or dread. The everyday noun is 怖こわさ (こわさ), "the scariness", from 怖こわい. Someone being afraid is 怖こわがる (こわがる), a phobia is 〜恐怖症きょうふしょう (きょうふしょう), like 高所恐怖症こうしょきょうふしょう for fear of heights, and the casual slang for getting scared is ビビる.

In daily Japanese, people usually express fear with the adjective 怖こわい rather than a noun. The nouns 恐怖きょうふ and 恐おそれ appear in news, horror and formal writing. This post covers the full range, from the dramatic to the casual, and the phobia words people actually use. The playful end of that range is the summer dare 肝きも試ためし, where you walk somewhere scary at night, and ghost in Japanese explains why ghosts are a summer thing.

How do you say "fear" in Japanese?

What does 恐怖きょうふ mean?

恐怖きょうふ (きょうふ) is fear, terror or dread. It is a strong, serious word, common in horror and news.

恐怖きょうふで動うごけなかった。 — I was frozen with fear. (casual) ホラー映画えいがの恐怖きょうふが忘わすれられない。 — I can't forget the terror of that horror movie. (casual)

For the adjective 怖こわい, see scary in Japanese.

What does 怖こわさ mean?

怖こわさ (こわさ) is "the scariness" or how scary something is, the noun form of 怖こわい.

高たかさの怖こわさに慣なれた。 — I got used to how scary the height was. (casual)

What does 怖こわがる mean?

怖こわがる (こわがる) is "to be scared", used for someone else's fear. 怖こわがらないで is "don't be scared".

妹いもうとは犬いぬを怖こわがる。 — My little sister is scared of dogs. (casual) 怖こわがらないで、大丈夫だいじょうぶだよ。 — Don't be scared, it's okay. (casual)

What other fear words are there?

What is 〜恐怖症きょうふしょう?

〜恐怖症きょうふしょう (きょうふしょう) is a phobia: 高所恐怖症こうしょきょうふしょう (fear of heights), 閉所へいしょ恐怖症きょうふしょう (claustrophobia), 対人たいじん恐怖症きょうふしょう (social anxiety).

高所恐怖症こうしょきょうふしょうだから、観覧車かんらんしゃは無理むり。 — I'm afraid of heights, so the Ferris wheel is a no. (casual)

What does 恐おそれ mean?

恐おそれ (おそれ) is fear, and in formal writing also "risk": 雨あめの恐おそれ is a risk of rain.

明日あしたは大雨おおあめの恐おそれがあります。 — There is a risk of heavy rain tomorrow. (polite, a forecast)

What does 不安ふあん mean?

不安ふあん (ふあん) is anxiety or worry: an uneasy feeling about the future. See nervous in Japanese.

将来しょうらいが不安ふあんだ。 — I'm anxious about the future. (casual)

Word Reading Meaning
恐怖きょうふ きょうふ fear, terror
怖こわさ こわさ scariness
怖こわがる こわがる to be scared (others)
恐怖症きょうふしょう きょうふしょう phobia
恐おそれ おそれ fear; risk
恐おそろしい おそろしい terrifying
不安ふあん ふあん anxiety
ビビる ビビる to get scared (slang)

Beyond the basics

What does ビビる mean?

ビビる is casual slang for getting scared or chickening out.

お化ばけ屋敷やしきでビビった。 — I got scared in the haunted house. (casual)

What does 恐おそろしい mean?

恐おそろしい (おそろしい) means terrifying or dreadful, stronger and more formal than 怖こわい. It is also used for amazement: 恐おそろしく速はやい, "terrifyingly fast".

恐おそろしい事件じけんだった。 — It was a terrifying incident. (casual)

恐おそろしい is the word you often hear in news reports about frightening events, where 怖こわい would sound too casual.

What does 怖こわいもの知しらず mean?

怖こわいもの知しらず (こわいものしらず), "not knowing scary things", is a fearless or reckless person. It can be admiring or a gentle warning, depending on tone.

子こどもは怖こわいもの知しらずだ。 — Kids are fearless. (casual)

Common mistakes

  • Saying 私わたしは怖こわがる for your own fear. Say 怖こわい.
  • Using 恐怖きょうふ in light conversation. It sounds dramatic; use 怖こわい.
  • Reading 恐怖きょうふ as こわふ. It is きょうふ.
  • Thinking 恐おそれ in forecasts means fear. It means risk.
  • Using ビビる in polite speech. It is slang.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: someone else is scared versus you tell them not to be.

1. Say "I was frozen with fear."

Show answer

恐怖きょうふで動うごけなかった。 — 恐怖きょうふ.

2. Say "I can't forget the terror of that horror movie."

Show answer

ホラー映画えいがの恐怖きょうふが忘わすれられない。 — 恐怖きょうふ.

3. Say "My little sister is scared of dogs."

Show answer

妹いもうとは犬いぬを怖こわがる。 — 怖こわがる.

4. Tell a child not to be scared.

Show answer

怖こわがらないで、大丈夫だいじょうぶだよ。 — 怖こわがらないで. This is the pair to question 3.

5. Say you're afraid of heights, so the Ferris wheel is a no.

Show answer

高所恐怖症こうしょきょうふしょうだから、観覧車かんらんしゃは無理むり。 — 高所恐怖症こうしょきょうふしょう.

6. A forecast warns of heavy rain tomorrow. What does it say politely?

Show answer

明日あしたは大雨おおあめの恐おそれがあります。 — 恐おそれ = risk.

7. Say "I'm anxious about the future."

Show answer

将来しょうらいが不安ふあんだ。 — 不安ふあん.

8. Say casually, "I got scared in the haunted house."

Show answer

お化ばけ屋敷やしきでビビった。 — ビビる.

9. Say "Kids are fearless."

Show answer

子こどもは怖こわいもの知しらずだ。 — 怖こわいもの知しらず.

10. Fix: 私わたしは暗くらい所ところを怖こわがります。 (about yourself)

Show answer

私わたしは暗くらい所ところが怖こわいです。 — your own fear uses 怖こわい.

Confess what scares you, from 高所恐怖症こうしょきょうふしょう to the haunted house, in a trial lesson and use ビビった when it is a casual story.

FAQ

How do you say "fear" in Japanese? 恐怖きょうふ (きょうふ), or 怖こわさ in everyday talk.

What does 怖こわがる mean? To be scared, used for others.

How do you say "afraid of heights"? 高所恐怖症こうしょきょうふしょう.

What does 恐おそれ mean in a forecast? Risk.

What does ビビる mean? To get scared (slang).

What is 不安ふあん? Anxiety or worry.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

恐怖	きょうふ — fear, terror
怖さ	こわさ — scariness
怖がる	こわがる — to be scared
恐怖症	きょうふしょう — phobia
高所恐怖症	こうしょきょうふしょう — fear of heights
恐れ	おそれ — fear; risk
恐ろしい	おそろしい — terrifying
不安	ふあん — anxiety
ビビる	ビビる — to get scared
怖いもの知らず	こわいものしらず — fearless

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 高所恐怖症こうしょきょうふしょう is the word learners need before every trip to a tall observation deck, and ビビった is the casual confession that always gets a laugh after a haunted house. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N3 · Read something at this level: JLPT N3 stories with audio

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