LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Ghost in Japanese: 幽霊ゆうれい, お化ばけ, and why Japanese ghosts have no feet

"Ghost" in Japanese is 幽霊ゆうれい (ゆうれい, yuurei): the spirit of a dead person. The softer, more childlike word is お化ばけ (おばけ), which covers ghosts and spooky monsters in general. A haunted house attraction is an お化ばけ屋敷やしき (おばけやしき).

Japanese ghosts have their own look. The classic 幽霊ゆうれい wears a white kimono, has long black hair, holds its hands limply in front, and often has no feet. It appears in summer, not at Halloween, and it says うらめしや, "I resent you". This post explains the ghost words, the culture behind them, and the phrases you will hear when Japanese friends tell ghost stories.

How do you say "ghost" in Japanese?

What is 幽霊ゆうれい?

幽霊ゆうれい (ゆうれい) is the ghost of a dead person, a spirit that has not moved on.

この旅館りょかんには幽霊ゆうれいが出でるらしい。 — They say a ghost appears at this inn. (casual, rumor) 幽霊ゆうれいを見みたことがありますか。 — Have you ever seen a ghost? (polite, a classic summer question)

Notice the verb: ghosts 出でる (でる), "come out" or "appear". 幽霊ゆうれいが出でる is more natural than 幽霊ゆうれいがいる when you mean a ghost shows up somewhere. Our post on have you ever explains the 〜たことがある pattern in the second example.

What is お化ばけ?

お化ばけ (おばけ) is a softer, broader word: ghosts, monsters and anything spooky, often in a cute or childlike way.

お化ばけなんて怖こわくないよ。 — I'm not scared of ghosts. (casual, often said by someone who is) 子こどもがお化ばけの絵えを描えがいた。 — The child drew a picture of a ghost. (neutral)

化ばける (ばける) means "to change form, to transform", so お化ばけ is something that has transformed into a strange shape. It is the word in children's books and for the classic white-sheet ghost.

How do 幽霊ゆうれい, お化ばけ and 妖怪ようかい differ?

Word Reading What it is Feel
幽霊ゆうれい ゆうれい spirit of a dead person serious, scary
お化ばけ おばけ ghost or spooky thing casual, childlike
妖怪ようかい ようかい supernatural creature folklore, varied
霊れい れい spirit spiritual, formal

A 幽霊ゆうれい was once a person. A 妖怪ようかい is a creature from folklore that may never have been human at all. Our post on demon in Japanese covers the 妖怪ようかい and 鬼おに side.

Beyond the basics

Why do Japanese ghosts have no feet?

In traditional art from the Edo period, ghosts were often painted fading away below the waist, and the image stuck. The classic 幽霊ゆうれい has no feet, wears a white burial kimono, and sometimes a small white triangle on the forehead.

日本にほんの幽霊ゆうれいには足あしがない。 — Japanese ghosts have no feet. (neutral, a cultural description)

The triangle, 天冠てんがん (てんかん), comes from old funeral customs. Long black hair and a pale face complete the look, and modern horror films still use it.

What does うらめしや mean?

うらめしや is the classic ghost line: "I resent you", spoken by a ghost who died with a grudge.

うらめしや〜。 — I resent you... (the old-fashioned ghost voice, often a joke)

恨うらめしい (うらめしい) means "resentful, bitter". Today people say うらめしや mostly as a joke, the way English speakers say "boo" or "wooo". The idea behind it is serious, though: in Japanese tradition, ghosts often stay because of a strong feeling, like a grudge.

Why are ghost stories a summer thing?

Partly because of お盆ぼん (おぼん), the summer festival when ancestors' spirits are said to return, and partly because a chill down your spine is welcome in the heat. Summer kabuki ghost plays helped make the habit too.

夏なつといえば怪談かいだんだ。 — Summer means ghost stories. (casual)

怪談かいだん (かいだん) is a ghost story, and summer TV, events and nights with friends are full of them. ゾッとする (to feel a chill) is the reaction everyone wants. Our post on scary in Japanese has more horror vocabulary.

What are お化ばけ屋敷やしき and 肝きも試ためし?

お化ばけ屋敷やしき is a haunted house attraction, and 肝きも試ためし (きもだめし) is a summer "test of courage", walking somewhere scary at night.

遊園地ゆうえんちのお化ばけ屋敷やしきに入はいった。 — We went into the haunted house at the amusement park. (casual) 夜よるの学校がっこうで肝きも試ためしをした。 — We did a test of courage at the school at night. (casual, a classic anime summer episode)

肝きも (きも) is "liver" and also "nerve, guts", so 肝きも試ためし tests your guts. Anime summer episodes often include a 肝きも試ためし, usually as an excuse for two characters to grab each other's hands.

What are 心霊写真しんれいしゃしん and 心霊しんれいスポット?

心霊写真しんれいしゃしん (しんれいしゃしん) is a "spirit photo", a picture that seems to show a ghost. 心霊しんれいスポット is a place said to be haunted.

この写真しゃしん、心霊写真しんれいしゃしんじゃない? — Isn't this a ghost photo? (casual, half-joking)

These words come up in TV specials and among friends sharing spooky pictures. Most "spirit photos" turn out to be light reflections, which is part of the fun.

How do ghosts appear in anime?

As horror, as comedy, and as gentle friends. Some series feature friendly ghosts who need help moving on, while horror anime use the classic long-haired 幽霊ゆうれい. And the floating soul gag, where a little white ghost escapes from a shocked character's mouth, is a common comedy visual.

お化ばけが出でた! — A ghost appeared! (casual, a classic panicked line)

Common mistakes

  • Saying 幽霊ゆうれいがいる when a ghost appears. 幽霊ゆうれいが出でる is the more natural phrase.
  • Thinking お化ばけ is only scary. It can be cute, like a children's book ghost.
  • Mixing up 幽霊ゆうれい and 妖怪ようかい. A 幽霊ゆうれい was human; a 妖怪ようかい is usually a folklore creature.
  • Expecting ghosts mainly at Halloween. In Japan, summer is ghost season.
  • Reading 肝きも試ためし as かんだめし. It is きもだめし.

Quick comparison

Word Reading Meaning
幽霊ゆうれい ゆうれい ghost (of a dead person)
お化ばけ おばけ ghost, spooky thing (casual)
怪談かいだん かいだん ghost story
お化ばけ屋敷やしき おばけやしき haunted house attraction
肝きも試ためし きもだめし test of courage at night
心霊写真しんれいしゃしん しんれいしゃしん spirit photo
うらめしや うらめしや "I resent you" (ghost line)

Practice

Try each answer yourself before opening it. Questions 2 and 3 are a pair: serious ghost versus casual ghost.

1. Ask politely, "Have you ever seen a ghost?"

Show answer

幽霊ゆうれいを見みたことがありますか — 〜たことがある is "have ever done".

2. A horror story describes the spirit of a woman who died long ago. Which word fits best?

Show answer

幽霊ゆうれい — the serious word for a dead person's spirit.

3. A picture book shows a friendly white-sheet ghost. Which word fits best?

Show answer

お化ばけ — casual and childlike. This is the pair to question 2.

4. Which verb is used when a ghost appears somewhere?

Show answer

出でる — 幽霊ゆうれいが出でる.

5. What does a classic Japanese ghost say?

Show answer

うらめしや — "I resent you".

6. What is a ghost story in Japanese?

Show answer

怪談かいだん (かいだん) — popular in summer.

7. What is the haunted house attraction at an amusement park called?

Show answer

お化ばけ屋敷やしき (おばけやしき)

8. Friends walk through a dark cemetery at night to test their nerve. What is this?

Show answer

肝きも試ためし (きもだめし) — a test of courage.

9. What is a photo that seems to show a ghost called?

Show answer

心霊写真しんれいしゃしん (しんれいしゃしん)

10. What is the difference between 幽霊ゆうれい and 妖怪ようかい?

Show answer

A 幽霊ゆうれい was once a person; a 妖怪ようかい is a folklore creature — not usually a dead human.

Tell a short ghost story with 幽霊ゆうれい, お化ばけ and 怪談かいだん in a trial lesson, the kind you would tell on a 肝きも試ためし night.

FAQ

What is the hiragana for ghost? ゆうれい for 幽霊ゆうれい, おばけ for お化ばけ.

Is there a Japanese Halloween ghost? Halloween is popular in Japan now, mostly as a costume event. Traditional ghost season is summer, around お盆ぼん.

What does ゾッとする mean? "To get chills", the shiver you feel from fear or a creepy story.

What is 金縛かなしばり? 金縛かなしばり (かなしばり) is sleep paralysis, often explained in folklore as a ghost holding you down.

How do you say "haunted"? A haunted place is 幽霊ゆうれいが出でる場所ばしょ or 心霊しんれいスポット. A haunted house as a building is 幽霊ゆうれい屋敷やしき (ゆうれいやしき).

Is お化ばけ scary or cute? It depends on the context. In children's stories it is cute; in a dark house at night, it is scary.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

幽霊	ゆうれい — ghost (of a dead person)
お化け	おばけ — ghost, spooky thing (casual)
化ける	ばける — to transform
妖怪	ようかい — supernatural creature
怪談	かいだん — ghost story
お化け屋敷	おばけやしき — haunted house attraction
肝試し	きもだめし — test of courage at night
心霊写真	しんれいしゃしん — spirit photo
心霊スポット	しんれいスポット — haunted place
うらめしや	うらめしや — "I resent you" (ghost line)
恨めしい	うらめしい — resentful
ゾッとする	ゾッとする — to get chills
金縛り	かなしばり — sleep paralysis
お盆	おぼん — summer festival for ancestors

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about. Summer anime episodes with 肝きも試ためし are a fun way into ghost vocabulary, and the culture behind them is just as interesting as the words. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard Japanese dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

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