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N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Dirty in Japanese: 汚きたない (きたない), 汚よごれる vs 汚よごす, and why 汚きたないぞ! means "unfair

"Dirty" in Japanese is 汚きたない (きたない), an い-adjective that covers physical dirt, messy handwriting, and, in anime, a "dirty" move that breaks the rules.

The English word "dirty" does a lot of jobs: a dirty plate, a dirty trick, a dirty joke. Japanese splits those jobs between several words, and 汚きたない only covers some of them. This guide goes through the physical meaning first, then the verbs 汚よごれる and 汚よごす (a classic transitive and intransitive pair), then the "dirty trick" sense, where a different word often fits better.

The basics

What is "dirty" in Japanese?

The standard word is 汚きたない (きたない). It is an い-adjective, so it conjugates like any other: 汚きたなくない (not dirty), 汚きたなかった (was dirty), 汚きたなくて (dirty, and...).

この皿さら、汚きたないですね。 — This plate is dirty, isn't it. (polite, noticing something at a restaurant or at home) 手てが汚きたないよ。洗あらって。 — Your hands are dirty. Wash them. (casual, parent to child)

Note that 汚きたない is a strong word. It does not just mean "not clean"; it carries a feeling of disgust. For a mild "needs a wash" feeling, speakers often use a verb instead (see the next section).

How do you say "dirty" for handwriting, rooms, and places?

汚きたない stretches to anything that looks bad because it is untidy or unclean, including handwriting.

字じが汚きたなくてすみません。 — Sorry, my handwriting is messy. (polite, apologizing for a note) この部屋へやは汚きたない。 — This room is dirty. (casual, a flat statement) 汚きたない言葉ことばを使つかわないで。 — Don't use dirty (foul) language. (casual, scolding)

字じが汚きたない is the standard way to say "messy handwriting". The opposite is 字じがきれい (neat, beautiful handwriting). For the other end of this scale, see clean in Japanese: きれい and 掃除そうじ.

What is the difference between 汚よごれる and 汚よごす?

This is the part that earns a spot in every textbook. Both come from the same root, but they point in different directions.

  • 汚よごれる (よごれる): to get dirty. Intransitive: something becomes dirty by itself, or by accident.
  • 汚よごす (よごす): to make something dirty. Transitive: someone does it, and there is an object marked with を.

服ふくが汚よごれた。 — My clothes got dirty. (casual, an accident, no one to blame) 服ふくを汚よごしてしまった。 — I got my clothes dirty. (casual, I did it, a little regret)

The same pattern runs through lots of Japanese verbs. If you want the full picture, read transitive and intransitive verbs in Japanese.

What is 汚よごれ?

汚よごれ (よごれ) is the noun: a stain, a smudge, dirt. It is the thing that 汚よごれる produces.

この汚よごれ、落おちない。 — This stain won't come out. (casual, laundry or cleaning) 汚よごれがひどいですね。 — The dirt is really bad. (polite, looking at a window or a floor)

When the dirt is a coating you could wipe off, such as mud or dust, Japanese adds まみれ, and まみれ explains why 泥なずまみれの靴くつ works while a report full of mistakes is ミスだらけ.

Beyond the basics

What is the difference between 汚きたない and 散ちらかっている?

A messy room is not always a dirty room. 散ちらかっている (ちらかっている) means things are lying around in disorder. 汚きたない means there is dirt, grime, or something disgusting.

Situation Word Feel
Clothes and books all over the floor 散ちらかっている Messy, untidy, not necessarily dirty
Dust, mold, and sticky counters 汚きたない Dirty, unhygienic
Both at once 散ちらかっていて汚きたない Messy and dirty

部屋へやが散ちらかっていてごめんね。 — Sorry the room is such a mess. (casual, a host to a guest) 台所だいどころが汚きたなくて、使つかいたくない。 — The kitchen is dirty, so I don't want to use it. (casual, a complaint)

A host will say 散ちらかっている about their own room. Calling someone else's room 汚きたない is much harsher.

What does 汚きたないぞ! mean in anime?

In a fight or a game, 汚きたない can mean "dirty" in the sense of unfair or underhanded. A character who is tricked, ambushed, or beaten by a cheap move shouts:

汚きたないぞ! — That's dirty! (angry, a hero reacting to a cheap move) やり方かたが汚きたない。 — Your methods are dirty. (serious, accusing someone of playing unfairly) なんて汚きたない奴やつだ! — What a dirty guy! (angry, a villain who cheated)

Here the feeling is moral disgust, not dirt. The line is classic anime and manga talk, and you will hear it far more in fiction than in daily life.

How is ずるい different from 汚きたない?

ずるい means "sneaky" or "unfair", and it is the everyday word for cheating a little. Children use it constantly when someone gets something they did not.

ずるい! 私わたしにもちょうだい。 — No fair! Give me some too. (casual, a sibling or friend) ずるいやり方かただね。 — That's a sneaky way to do it. (casual, half-teasing)

The key contrast: ずるい is light, often playful, and about fairness or cleverness. 汚きたない is heavy and about disgust at someone's methods. Calling a friend ずるい for taking the last snack is normal. Calling them 汚きたない can sound like a real insult.

What about 不潔ふけつ and the other "dirty" words?

不潔ふけつ (ふけつ) means unhygienic, and it is a formal, clinical word. You will see it in notices about food, kitchens, and personal hygiene. The opposite is 清潔せいけつ (せいけつ), clean in a hygienic sense.

不潔ふけつな手てで食べ物たべものを触ふらないでください。 — Please don't touch food with unclean hands. (polite, a sign or a notice)

Use 不潔ふけつ in writing or in serious contexts. In casual speech, people just say 汚きたない.

What about a dirty joke?

The usual word for a dirty joke is 下ネタしもねた (しもネタ). It refers to crude, adult-oriented humor. 汚きたない on its own does not mean this, so 汚きたない話はなし is more like "a gross story" than a dirty joke. Keep 下ネタしもねた for recognition; it is not a word to use with your teacher or in a business setting.

Common mistakes

  • Using 汚きたない to mean "my room is messy" about your own room. It sounds blunt. 散ちらかっている is softer and more accurate when things are just out of place.
  • Mixing up 汚よごれる and 汚よごす. 服ふくを汚よごれた is wrong. If you did it, use 汚よごす: 服ふくを汚よごした. If it just happened, use 汚よごれる: 服ふくが汚よごれた.
  • Using 汚きたない for every "dirty trick". For a casual "that's unfair", ずるい is usually the better word. Save 汚きたない for something that truly disgusts you.
  • Forgetting that 汚きたない is an い-adjective. The negative is 汚きたなくない, not 汚きたないじゃない or 汚きたないではない. For the rules, see い-adjectives vs な-adjectives.

Which word fits?

Situation Best word
A plate, hands, a floor with real dirt 汚きたない
Your clothes got dirty by accident 汚よごれる
You spilled coffee on the shirt 汚よごす
A stain on the table 汚よごれ
Things lying all over the room 散ちらかっている
A sneaky move in a game ずるい
A truly low, disgusting method 汚きたない
Unhygienic, formal 不潔ふけつ

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same root, different directions. Questions 6 and 7 are a pair too: the same "dirty trick", different weight.

1. Your shirt got dirty by accident, with no one to blame. Which verb: 汚よごれる or 汚よごす?

Show answer

汚よごれる — it is intransitive: 服ふくが汚よごれた. Nobody did it on purpose.

2. You spilled sauce on your shirt. Which verb: 汚よごれる or 汚よごす?

Show answer

汚よごす — you did it, so it is transitive: 服ふくを汚よごしてしまった. Pair this with question 1.

3. How do you say "My handwriting is messy"?

Show answer

字じが汚きたない — 汚きたない works for handwriting that looks untidy.

4. Make 汚きたない negative: "It is not dirty."

Show answer

汚きたなくない — 汚きたない is an い-adjective, so drop い and add くない.

5. The room has clothes all over the floor, but it is clean. Which is better: 汚きたない or 散ちらかっている?

Show answer

散ちらかっている — the room is messy, not dirty. 汚きたない would suggest dirt or grime.

6. A friend takes the last cookie and you say "No fair!" lightly. Which word: ずるい or 汚きたない?

Show answer

ずるい — it is light and playful, about fairness. 汚きたない would sound like a serious accusation.

7. A villain tricks the hero with a cruel trap, and the hero is furious. Which word fits better: ずるい or 汚きたない?

Show answer

汚きたない — 汚きたないぞ! carries moral disgust at an underhanded move. Pair this with question 6.

8. What is the noun for "a stain"?

Show answer

汚よごれ — the noun made from 汚よごれる: この汚よごれ、落おちない.

9. Which word is used on notices about unhygienic hands or kitchens?

Show answer

不潔ふけつ — a formal, clinical word. Its opposite is 清潔せいけつ.

10. What is the usual word for a dirty joke?

Show answer

下ネタしもねた — crude, adult humor. 汚きたない話はなし would mean "a gross story" instead.

Use a trial lesson to report a dirty kitchen with 汚よごれる and 汚よごす, then shout 汚きたないぞ! at a game opponent who just played unfairly.

FAQ

Is 汚きたない rude to say? It can be. It is a strong word with a feeling of disgust, so calling someone's home or cooking 汚きたない is blunt. Use it about your own things or in clear, factual situations.

Is 汚きたない the opposite of きれい? For physical cleanliness, yes: きれい is clean and neat, 汚きたない is dirty. But きれい also means "beautiful", which 汚きたない does not cover in reverse.

What is the difference between 汚よごれる and 汚よごす? 汚よごれる is intransitive (it gets dirty) and 汚よごす is transitive (someone makes it dirty). 服ふくが汚よごれた is an accident; 服ふくを汚よごした is something you did.

Can 汚きたない mean "dirty" as in cheating? Yes, especially in anime, games, and sports: 汚きたないぞ! and 汚きたないやり方かた. For everyday "that's unfair", ずるい is more common and lighter.

What is a dirty joke in Japanese? 下ネタしもねた. Use it for recognition only; it is not polite to bring up with a teacher or at work.

How do you say "dirty hands" politely? 手てが汚よごれている is neutral and polite. 手てが汚きたない is more blunt and sounds like a criticism.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab, and each line becomes one card.

汚い	きたない — dirty, filthy
汚れる	よごれる — to get dirty
汚す	よごす — to make dirty
汚れ	よごれ — a stain, dirt
散らかっている	ちらかっている — to be messy, scattered about
ずるい	ずるい — unfair, sneaky
不潔	ふけつ — unhygienic
清潔	せいけつ — clean, hygienic
下ネタ	しもネタ — dirty joke
字	じ — handwriting, characters
服	ふく — clothes

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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