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N4Lesson notes · Oct 6, 2026

Decide in Japanese: 決きめる (kimeru) vs 決きまる (kimaru) vs ことにする

To say "decide" in Japanese, use 決きめる (kimeru) when you make the choice, 決きまる (kimaru) when the choice is settled, and 〜ことにする when you decided to do something — English uses one verb for all three jobs, and Japanese splits them.

Most learners translate "I decided" as 決きめた every single time, and it works about half the time. The rest of the time a native speaker would have said something else, and the difference carries real meaning: who made the decision, and whether it was really up to them.

The basics

What is the basic word for "decide" in Japanese?

The basic word is 決きめる (きめる, kimeru): a transitive verb meaning "to decide something" or "to settle something." You decide a thing, and that thing takes を.

晩ばんご飯はんを決きめた。 — I decided on dinner. (casual, plain past) どれを買かうか、まだ決きめていません。 — I haven't decided which one to buy yet. (polite) 日程にっていを決きめましょう。 — Let's decide the schedule. (polite, suggesting)

If you can fill in "decide ___" with a noun in English, 決きめる with を is almost always your word. For more on how Japanese verbs split into "I do it" and "it happens" pairs, see transitive and intransitive verbs. 決きめる and 決きまる are one of the pairs worth learning early.

What is the difference between 決きめる and 決きまる?

決きめる means someone decides it. 決きまる (きまる, kimaru) means it ends up decided, with no one in the spotlight. The first is transitive with を; the second is intransitive, so the thing being decided takes が.

行き先いきさきを決きめた。 — I decided the destination. (a person did the deciding) 行き先いきさきが決きまった。 — The destination got decided. (it's settled now, nobody named)

English "It's decided" or "It's settled" is almost always 決きまった, not 決きめられた. Think of 決きまる as the state you can see after the decision, like a result on a board.

The particle swap is the whole trick: を marks the thing someone decides, が marks the thing that ends up decided.

How do you say "I decided to do X"?

Use 〜ことにする (koto ni suru), attached to the plain form of a verb. It literally says "I made it so that I do X," which is how Japanese expresses a personal decision.

来月らいげつから運動うんどうすることにした。 — I decided to start exercising next month. (casual, my own decision) 今日きょうは家いえで食たべることにします。 — I'll eat at home today. (polite, deciding on the spot)

Compare this with the plain 決きめた. 運動うんどうすると決きめた is also grammatical, but ことにした is the normal, everyday way to report a decision to do something. The two forms and their sibling ことになる are covered in depth in ことにする vs ことになる. Here is the short version you need for this article.

Beyond the basics

What is the difference between ことにする and ことになる?

ことにする is I decided. ことになる is it has been decided — by a company, a rule, circumstances, or other people. In English both can come out as "I'm going to..." or "it turns out I'll...", which is why learners mix them up.

来月らいげつ、大阪おおさかに行いくことにした。 — I decided to go to Osaka next month. (my own decision) 来月らいげつ、大阪おおさかに行いくことになった。 — It's been decided that I'm going to Osaka next month. (work, family, or circumstances decided it)

The second one hides the person who decided. That is not an accident: it is how Japanese gets to sound modest, or to say "this wasn't entirely my call." For a similar plan-style form, 〜つもり says what you intend to do, with less commitment than ことにする.

When do you use 決定けっていする, 決心けっしんする and 決意けついする?

These are the heavier, written-style words, and each carries a different weight.

  • 決定けっていする (けっていする) — a formal decision by an organisation or a meeting. Think news reports, notices, and business.
  • 決心けっしんする (けっしんする) — a personal resolution, made after some inner struggle.
  • 決意けついする (けついする) — an even stronger resolve, often in speeches and stories.

会議かいぎで新あたらしい方針ほうしんが決定けっていされました。 — A new policy was decided at the meeting. (formal, business) 彼かれは日本にほんで働はたらくことを決心けっしんした。 — He resolved to work in Japan. (serious, personal) 私わたしは絶対ぜったいに諦あきらめないと決意けついした。 — I resolved that I would never give up. (strong, literary)

You rarely say these in casual talk. If you use 決心けっしんした to say you chose a ramen shop, it sounds like a joke.

How do you say "I can't decide yet"?

This is where 決きめる and 決きまる differ in a way that matters daily. まだ決きめていない says I haven't made the decision yet, and まだ決きまっていない says it hasn't been settled yet. The first puts the responsibility on you; the second does not.

旅行りょこうの行き先いきさきは、まだ決きめていない。 — I haven't decided where to go on the trip yet. (it's my choice and I'm still choosing) 旅行りょこうの行き先いきさきは、まだ決きまっていない。 — The trip's destination hasn't been settled yet. (it's a group thing, or waiting on someone)

For being stuck between options, the natural verb is 迷まよう (まよう): 迷まよっている means "I'm torn." If you want the verbs for picking from a list, see 選えらぶ and 選択せんたく.

どっちにするか迷まよっています。 — I can't decide which one to pick. (polite, torn between two)

How do you hear this in anime?

Decision scenes are everywhere in anime, and the lines are short and loud.

  • 決きめた! — "I've decided!" The moment of decision, usually a protagonist slamming a fist down. This is the plain past of 決きめる used as an announcement.
  • 決きまりだな。 — "That settles it." Someone closes the discussion, using 決きまり, the noun from 決きまる.
  • お前まえが決きめろ。 — "You decide." A command form of 決きめる, rough and masculine.
  • そう決きまったんだ。 — "That's how it was decided." Someone explains a rule, or shifts blame to fate or the elders.

俺おれ、決きめた! あいつを助たすける! — I've decided! I'm going to save him! (shouted, casual and masculine) これで決きまりだな。 — That settles it. (casual, closing a debate) もう決きまったことだ。 — It's already been decided. (flat, final, no room to argue)

Listen to 決きめた versus 決きまった. A hero says 決きめた because the decision is theirs. A villain or an authority says 決きまった because they want it to sound like fate.

Common mistakes

  • Saying 決きめた for every "I decided to...". 日本にほんに行いくことを決きめた is fine, but a native speaker will usually say 行いくことにした. Practice ことにした for plans and choices until it comes out first.
  • Mixing up を and が. 行き先いきさきが決きめた is wrong, because 決きめる wants を. 行き先いきさきを決きまった is wrong too, because 決きまる wants が.
  • Using ことにする when it wasn't your choice. If your company transfers you, 転勤てんきんすることにした sounds like you made it happen. The right form is 転勤てんきんすることになった.
  • Confusing まだ決きめてない with まだ決きまってない. One says "I haven't chosen"; the other says "nobody has settled it." In a group chat, the second is often safer.
  • Using 決心けっしんする for small choices. 決心けっしん is a serious vow, not "I picked lunch."

Which word should you use?

Word Who decided? Politeness Example
決きめる I (or someone) did, with を Neutral, everyday 行き先いきさきを決きめた
決きまる Settled, nobody named, with が Neutral, everyday 行き先いきさきが決きまった
〜ことにする I decided to do something Neutral, everyday 毎日まいにち歩あるくことにした
〜ことになる Others, rules, or circumstances Neutral to polite 来月らいげつ転勤てんきんすることになった
決定けっていする An organisation or a meeting Formal, written 新あたらしい方針ほうしんが決定けっていした
決心けっしんする I resolved, after some struggle Serious, personal 日本にほんで働はたらくと決心けっしんした

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair (決きめる vs 決きまる), and questions 3 and 4 are a pair (ことにする vs ことになる).

1. Fill in the particle: 行き先いきさき( )決きめた。 "I decided the destination."

Show answer

を — 決きめる is transitive, so the thing decided takes を: 行き先いきさきを決きめた.

2. Fill in the particle: 行き先いきさき( )決きまった。 "The destination got decided."

Show answer

が — 決きまる is intransitive, so the thing that got settled takes が: 行き先いきさきが決きまった. This is the pair to question 1.

3. You chose by yourself to go to Osaka next month. Say it with ことにする or ことになる.

Show answer

来月らいげつ、大阪おおさかに行いくことにした — ことにする marks your own decision.

4. Your company decided to send you to Osaka next month, and you had no say. Say it.

Show answer

来月らいげつ、大阪おおさかに行いくことになった — ことになる means it was decided by someone or something else. This is the pair to question 3.

5. Say "I haven't decided yet" about a dish you are still choosing.

Show answer

まだ決きめていません — 決きめる with ている: you are the one who has not made the choice yet.

6. Say "It hasn't been settled yet" about a meeting date that other people are arranging.

Show answer

まだ決きまっていません — 決きまる with ている describes the state of not being settled, with nobody in the spotlight.

7. Which fits a news report: 決定けっていされた or 決心けっしんした? "A new rule was decided."

Show answer

決定けっていされた — 決定けっていする is the formal word for decisions by an organisation. 決心けっしん is a personal resolve.

8. Say "I can't decide which one" in a torn, hesitating way.

Show answer

どっちにするか迷まよっています — 迷まよう describes being torn. It is not a form of 決きめる.

9. A hero slams the table and announces the decision in one word. What does he say?

Show answer

決きめた! — the plain past of 決きめる, shouted as the moment of decision.

10. What is wrong with 行き先いきさきが決きめた?

Show answer

が with 決きめる mixes the two verbs. Use 行き先いきさきを決きめた (I decided it) or 行き先いきさきが決きまった (it got decided).

Plan a trip in a trial lesson, saying what you have 決きめた and what has 決きまった, then add ことにする for a rule you set yourself.

FAQ

Is 決きめた the same as ことにした? Not always. 決きめた can take any object, like 日程にっていを決きめた. ことにした follows a verb: "I decided to do something." For personal plans, ことにした is more natural.

How do I say "It's decided" in Japanese? 決きまった is the standard form. Add もう for emphasis: もう決きまったことだ means "That's already settled."

Is 決きめる a polite word? It is neutral. Add ます for polite speech: 決きめます. For formal contexts like meetings, 決定けっていする is the normal word.

What does 決きまりだな mean in anime? It means "That settles it." 決きまり is the noun from 決きまる, used to close a discussion.

Can I use ことになる for my own plans? Yes, when the plan came from outside you. Use it for a transfer, a rule, or a group decision. Use ことにする when the choice was yours.

What is 決きめてください vs お前まえが決きめろ? Both ask someone to decide. 決きめてください is polite. 決きめろ is a rough command you mostly hear in anime and from close friends.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab, and the two columns land in Front / Back.

決める	きめる — to decide (something)
決まる	きまる — to be decided, to be settled
決定する	けっていする — to decide formally
決心する	けっしんする — to resolve, to make up one's mind
決意する	けついする — to resolve firmly
迷う	まよう — to be torn, to hesitate
行き先	いきさき — destination
日程	にってい — schedule
方針	ほうしん — policy
転勤する	てんきんする — to be transferred to another office
諦める	あきらめる — to give up
決まり	きまり — settled, rule

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about — including this one, which comes up in nearly every beginner's first few lessons. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

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