LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Blue in Japanese: 青あお (ao), 青あおい (aoi), 真っ青まっさお and 青信号あおしんごう

"Blue" in Japanese is 青あお (あお) as a noun and 青あおい (あおい) as an adjective. Traditionally 青あお covered both blue and green, which is why a green traffic light is 青信号あおしんごう (あおしんごう) and fresh green leaves are 青葉あおば (あおば). Light blue is 水色みずいろ (みずいろ), navy is 紺こん (こん), and 青春せいしゅん (せいしゅん), "blue spring", means youth.

Blue is one of the most interesting color words in Japanese because its border with green is different from English. Japanese has a separate word for green, 緑みどり (みどり), but older uses of 青あお still cover green things, especially traffic lights, vegetables and young leaves. Blue also shows up in feelings: a face that goes 真っ青まっさお has turned pale with fear. This post covers all of it.

How do you say "blue" in Japanese?

What is the difference between 青あお and 青あおい?

青あお (あお) is the noun "blue", and 青あおい (あおい) is the い-adjective.

青あおい空そらがきれいだ。 — The blue sky is beautiful. (casual) 青あおが一番好いちばんすき。 — Blue is my favorite. (casual)

For why 青あお has an い-adjective but 緑みどり does not, see Japanese colors.

Why is a green light 青信号あおしんごう?

In older Japanese, 青あお covered both blue and green. The name 青信号あおしんごう (あおしんごう) stuck, even though the light looks green.

青信号あおしんごうになったら渡わたってね。 — Cross when the light turns green. (casual)

The same goes for 青あおリンゴ (green apple) and 青葉あおば (fresh green leaves). And the "grass is greener" proverb uses 青あおい too: see 隣となりの芝生しばふは青あおい.

What does 真っ青まっさお mean?

真っ青まっさお (まっさお) means deep blue, or, for a face, deathly pale. Note the reading まっさお.

真っ青まっさおな海うみ。 — A deep blue sea. (noun phrase) それを聞きいて顔かおが真っ青まっさおになった。 — He went pale when he heard that. (casual)

What other blue words are there?

What are 水色みずいろ and 紺こん?

水色みずいろ (みずいろ), "water color", is light blue or sky blue. 紺こん (こん) or 紺色こんいろ (こんいろ) is navy blue, common for school and work uniforms.

水色みずいろのワンピースを着きている。 — She's wearing a light blue dress. (casual) 紺こんのスーツを買かった。 — I bought a navy suit. (casual)

What does 青春せいしゅん mean?

青春せいしゅん (せいしゅん), "blue spring", means youth, especially the intense high school years. It is a favorite word in anime and J-pop.

青春せいしゅんっていいね。 — Ah, to be young. (casual, nostalgic)

What does 青二才あおにさい mean?

青二才あおにさい (あおにさい) is a greenhorn: a young, inexperienced person. It is a little insulting.

まだ青二才あおにさいだから、わからないことばかりだ。 — I'm still a greenhorn, so there's a lot I don't know. (casual, self-deprecating)

Word Reading Meaning
青あお あお blue (noun)
青あおい あおい blue (adjective)
青信号あおしんごう あおしんごう green light
真っ青まっさお まっさお deep blue; pale
水色みずいろ みずいろ light blue
紺こん こん navy
青春せいしゅん せいしゅん youth
青二才あおにさい あおにさい greenhorn

Beyond the basics

Is 緑みどり green or blue?

緑みどり (みどり) is green. In modern Japanese, use 緑みどり for most green things and 青あお for blue. The overlap mostly survives in fixed words like 青信号あおしんごう and 青葉あおば.

緑みどりの葉はっぱ。 — Green leaves. (noun phrase)

What does 青あおざめる mean?

青あおざめる (あおざめる) means to turn pale from shock or fear.

ミスに気きづいて青あおざめた。 — I turned pale when I noticed the mistake. (casual)

Is blue linked with sadness?

Not much. 青あおい doesn't mean sad, though the loanword ブルー does (ブルーな気分きぶん); for everyday feeling-down talk, Japanese uses 落ち込おちこむ.

最近さいきんちょっと落ち込おちこんでいる。 — I've been feeling a bit down lately. (casual)

After a specific setback, such as a scolding, the lighter casual word is へこむ, literally "to dent", and へこむ and 落ち込おちこむ compares how deep each one goes.

Common mistakes

  • Calling a green traffic light 緑みどり信号しんごう. People say 青信号あおしんごう.
  • Reading 真っ青まっさお as まっあお. It is まっさお.
  • Using 青あおい for "sad". 青あおい doesn't carry that meaning; use 落ち込おちこむ, or カタカナの ブルー (ブルーな気分きぶん) if you want the loanword feel.
  • Reading 青春せいしゅん as あおはる in standard speech. It is せいしゅん; あおはる is playful slang.
  • Saying 緑みどりい. 緑みどり has no い-adjective; say 緑みどりの or 緑色みどりいろの.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: deep blue sea versus a pale face.

1. Say "The blue sky is beautiful."

Show answer

青あおい空そらがきれいだ。 — 青あおい.

2. Tell a child to cross when the light turns green.

Show answer

青信号あおしんごうになったら渡わたってね。 — 青信号あおしんごう.

3. Describe a deep blue sea.

Show answer

真っ青まっさおな海うみ。 — 真っ青まっさお.

4. Say "He went pale when he heard that."

Show answer

それを聞きいて顔かおが真っ青まっさおになった。 — pale face. This is the pair to question 3.

5. Say "She's wearing a light blue dress."

Show answer

水色みずいろのワンピースを着きている。 — 水色みずいろ.

6. Say "I bought a navy suit."

Show answer

紺こんのスーツを買かった。 — 紺こん.

7. Watching a high school anime, sigh nostalgically.

Show answer

青春せいしゅんっていいね。 — 青春せいしゅん.

8. Say modestly you're still a greenhorn.

Show answer

まだ青二才あおにさいだから、わからないことばかりだ。 — 青二才あおにさい.

9. Say "I turned pale when I noticed the mistake."

Show answer

ミスに気きづいて青あおざめた。 — 青あおざめる.

10. Fix: 緑みどりい葉はっぱ。

Show answer

緑みどりの葉はっぱ。 — 緑みどり has no い-adjective.

A trial lesson is a good place to explain why a green light is called 青信号あおしんごう, and bring up 青春せいしゅん while you are at it.

FAQ

How do you say "blue" in Japanese? 青あお (あお), or 青あおい as an adjective.

Why is a green light called 青信号あおしんごう? Older Japanese used 青あお for both blue and green.

How do you say "light blue"? 水色みずいろ (みずいろ).

What does 真っ青まっさお mean? Deep blue, or deathly pale.

What does 青春せいしゅん mean? Youth, especially the teenage years.

How do you say "feeling blue"? 落ち込おちこんでいる, or カジュアルに ブルーな気分きぶん.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

青	あお — blue
青い	あおい — blue (adjective)
青信号	あおしんごう — green light
真っ青	まっさお — deep blue, pale
水色	みずいろ — light blue
紺	こん — navy
青春	せいしゅん — youth
青二才	あおにさい — greenhorn
緑	みどり — green
青ざめる	あおざめる — to turn pale
落ち込む	おちこむ — to feel down

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 青信号あおしんごう is the color puzzle every visitor asks about, and 青春せいしゅん is the word that unlocks a whole genre of school anime. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

More “Describing Things: Japanese Adjectives & Opposites” articles →

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