LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Lesson notes · Oct 26, 2026

Actually in Japanese: 実じつは (jitsu wa) reveals, 実際じっさい reports, 本当ほんとうは confesses

Japanese has several overlapping words for "actually": 実じつは (じつは) often introduces something the listener may not know, 実際じっさい (に/は) stresses reality or firsthand experience, and 本当ほんとうは (ほんとうは) contrasts the truth with an appearance, an assumption or something said earlier.

The three are not walled off from each other, and English "actually" itself does several jobs. Think of each Japanese word as a default emphasis: what is the speaker pointing at, the news, the experience, or the gap? Learners who use 実じつは for everything turn plain observations into small announcements, so the first goal is to hear the difference in emphasis.

The basics

The words overlap, so each section below describes where the word usually points, not a rule that excludes the others.

What does 実じつは point at?

実じつは presents something as new or unexpected for the listener. It usually opens the sentence, and it is a common lead-in for news, a confession, or a reason.

実じつは、来月らいげつ引っ越ひっこすんです。 — Actually, I'm moving next month. (polite, news the listener doesn't know) 実じつは、ちょっとお願ねがいがあるんですが。 — Actually, I have a small favour to ask. (polite, a soft opener before a request)

実じつは often sits next to んです because んです adds explanation and background, but the two are different jobs: 実じつは decides how the information is presented, んです ties it to the situation. 実じつは、私わたしもそう思おもいます is also natural without it.

What does 実際じっさい point at?

実際じっさい points at reality or firsthand experience: what is true when you actually do or see the thing. The sentence often compares with an expectation, but it does not have to.

実際じっさいに行いってみたら、思おもったより静しずかでした。 — When I actually went, it was quieter than I expected. (polite, expectation versus experience) ネットで高たかいと書かいてあったけど、実際じっさいは安やすかった。 — The site said it was expensive, but in reality it was cheap. (casual, written claim versus fact) 実際じっさいに触さわってみてください。 — Please try touching it for real. (polite, no comparison; "in practice" means "do it yourself")

The slip I hear most: ✗ 実じつは、このホテルは駅えきから近ちかいです。 (as a flat review line) → ✓ 実際じっさいに泊とまってみたら、駅えきから近ちかかったです。 実じつは can work if the closeness is a surprise, but as a default it sounds like you are dropping news in every sentence; 実際じっさいに anchors the line in your own stay.

What does 本当ほんとうは point at?

本当ほんとうは sets the truth against something else: how things look, what others assume, or what was said earlier. The contrast can be about your own words or about other people's picture of the facts.

楽たのしそうに見みえるかもしれませんが、本当ほんとうは行いきたくないんです。 — It may look like I'm enjoying it, but the truth is I don't want to go. (polite, appearance versus feeling) 大丈夫だいじょうぶって言いったけど、本当ほんとうは不安ふあんだった。 — I said I was fine, but really I was anxious. (casual, correcting your own earlier statement) みんな来週らいしゅうだと思おもっていますが、本当ほんとうは明日あしたが締め切しめきりです。 — Everyone thinks it's next week, but the deadline is actually tomorrow. (polite, others' assumption versus fact)

For the stand-alone nouns 本当ほんとう and 事実じじつ, see truth in Japanese.

The slip I hear most: ✗ 本当ほんとうは、来月らいげつ結婚けっこんします。 (an announcement out of the blue) → ✓ 実じつは、来月らいげつ結婚けっこんするんです。 With nothing to contrast against, 本当ほんとうは leaves the listener asking "as opposed to what?"

Can one sentence take both 実じつは and 本当ほんとうは?

Often yes, and the difference is focus. Compare:

実じつは、ちょっと疲つかれてるんだ。 — Actually, I'm a little tired. (casual, a small confession offered to the listener) 本当ほんとうは、ちょっと疲つかれてるんだ。 — Really, I'm a little tired. (casual, set against how you look or what you said)

Both are natural. Pick 実じつは when you are handing over information, 本当ほんとうは when you are pointing at the gap with the surface.

Beyond the basics

How do you correct someone, the way English "well, actually…" does?

There is no single word. For a simple fix, Japanese usually uses a reaction word and then the right information: いえ、 (polite), いや、 (casual), あ、〜です, or 正確せいかくには ("to be precise") for small details.

A:会議かいぎは三時さんじですよね。 B:あ、四時よじです。 — A: The meeting is at three, right? B: Oh, it's four. (polite, a short, plain correction) A:これ、コーヒーだよね。 B:いや、これ紅茶こうちゃだよ。 — A: This is coffee, right? B: No, this is tea. (casual, direct)

実じつは enters when the correction is also a reveal, something the other person would not have guessed:

A:東京出身とうきょうしゅっしんですよね。 B:実じつは、大阪出身おおさかしゅっしんなんです。 — A: You're from Tokyo, right? B: Actually, I'm from Osaka. (polite, correcting an assumption and sharing a fact)

The slip I hear most: ✗ A:会議かいぎは三時さんじですよね。 B:実じつは、四時よじです。 → ✓ B:あ、四時よじです。 For a plain check, 実じつは hints at a story behind the change. Use it only if there is one.

Watch the tone. 違ちがいます can sound strong even in polite speech, and というか (as in というか、紅茶こうちゃなんだけど) can sound blunt or exasperated, so keep it for close friends. If the thing you disagree with is an opinion rather than a fact, see how to disagree politely and in my opinion.

What about the anime "実じつは…" reveal?

In anime, 実じつは is the sound of a secret coming out. The English "I've liked you for a long time" comes from the sentence as a whole:

実じつは、ずっと前まえから好すきだったんだ。 — The truth is, I've liked you for a long time. (casual, a confession) 実じつは、私わたしが犯人はんにんなんです。 — The truth is, I'm the culprit. (polite, a dramatic reveal)

The sense of "for a long time" is carried by ずっと前まえから, not by the past tense of だった. The same weight works in everyday life at a smaller size: 実じつは、まだ食たべてないんです is natural when the other person assumed you had eaten.

Where do 実じつに, 実際じっさいのところ, and 本当ほんとうに fit?

These are neighbours, not substitutes.

  • 実じつに is a formal "truly" before an adjective or verb: 実じつに面白おもしろい話はなしでした.
  • 実際じっさいのところ gives the real picture as it stands: 実際じっさいのところ、まだ決きまっていません。
  • 本当ほんとうに is "really," an intensifier: これは本当ほんとうにおいしいです. It does not contrast anything. See really in Japanese: 本当ほんとうに.

Common mistakes

  • Using 実じつは as a filler. If every sentence opens with it, the listener keeps waiting for the news.
  • Reading 実際じっさい as only "in fact". It is about reality or firsthand experience, so it pairs naturally with に+verb: 実際じっさいに使つかってみる.
  • Translating every English "actually" mechanically. English also uses it to soften a request or confirm an action; choose the Japanese word by what you are pointing at.

Which "actually" for which job?

Word Main emphasis Register Typical position
実じつは Something new or surprising for the listener Polite and casual Sentence start, often with a pause
実際じっさい / 実際じっさいに Reality or firsthand experience Neutral, slightly written Start, or just before a verb (実際じっさいに〜)
実際じっさいのところ The real situation as it stands Neutral to formal Start or after the topic
本当ほんとうは Truth against appearance, assumption or earlier words Casual to polite After the topic or at the start
いえ、/ いや、 Reaction before a plain correction いえ polite, いや casual Very start of the reply
実じつに Truly (intensifier) Formal, written Right before an adjective or verb

Practice

Questions 1 and 2 test 実際じっさい and 実じつは from both sides, 3 and 4 do the same for 本当ほんとうは and 実じつは, and 5 and 6 test the corrective "actually" from both sides.

1. A friend said the new gym is always crowded. You went and it was empty. Which word stresses your own visit: 実じつは or 実際じっさい?

Show answer

実際じっさい — 実際じっさいに行いってみたら、空あいていました。 It anchors the sentence in your firsthand experience.

2. You tell a host family you are vegetarian, which they don't know. Which opener fits best: 実じつは or 実際じっさい?

Show answer

実じつは — 実じつは、肉にくを食たべないんです。 You are handing over new information.

3. The class thinks the quiz is next month; it is actually next Monday. Which word contrasts the fact with what others think: 本当ほんとうは or 実じつは?

Show answer

本当ほんとうは — 本当ほんとうは、来週らいしゅうの月曜日げつようびです。 実じつは is also possible, but 本当ほんとうは points at the gap with the class's assumption.

4. You look relaxed but are nervous. Both 実じつは、緊張きんちょうしてるんだ and 本当ほんとうは、緊張きんちょうしてるんだ are natural. What is the difference?

Show answer

実じつは offers a small confession; 本当ほんとうは contrasts the feeling with how you look. Both are fine, the focus differs.

5. Someone asks 「この電車でんしゃ、空港くうこう行いきですよね」 and it goes downtown. Give a short, polite reply.

Show answer

あ、市内しない行いきですよ。 A reaction word plus the right information is the usual plain correction. A bare これは市内しない行いきです also works.

6. Someone says 「犬いぬを飼かっていますよね」 and you actually have a cat. Which reply sounds like a correction plus a reveal?

Show answer

実じつは、猫ねこなんです。 You correct the assumption and share something they didn't guess.

7. How do you say "This tea is really nice": 本当ほんとうは or 本当ほんとうに?

Show answer

これは本当ほんとうにおいしいお茶ちゃです。 本当ほんとうに is the intensifier. 本当ほんとうは would need a contrast, such as 見た目みためは地味じみですが、本当ほんとうはおいしい。

8. What does 実じつに面白おもしろい映画えいがでした mean?

Show answer

"It was a truly interesting film." 実じつに is a formal intensifier.

9. In 実じつは、ずっと前まえから好すきだったんだ, which part carries "for a long time"?

Show answer

ずっと前まえから — "from long ago" gives the duration. The past tense だった does not by itself.

10. Someone asks 「図書館としょかんは何時なんじに開ひらきますか」. Is 実じつは needed in the answer?

Show answer

Usually no: 十時とときに開ひらきますよ。 Use 実じつは only if the time is surprising or has changed, for example 実じつは、来月らいげつから九時くじになるんです。

FAQ

Can I write 実じつは in hiragana? Yes. じつは is common in messages and subtitles; kanji is more usual in articles.

Is 実じつは more polite than 本当ほんとうは? No. Both work in polite and casual speech. They differ in emphasis, not politeness.

What does 実じつはですね add? It is a polite lead-in that gives the speaker a beat before the main point. It often precedes an awkward topic, but it does not always express hesitation or apology.

Can 実じつは appear mid-sentence? Yes. 彼かれは実じつは先生せんせいなんです presents "he is a teacher" as the surprising fact.

English "actually" also softens a request. Is that 実じつは too? Often. 実じつは、ひとつお願ねがいがあるんですが works as a softener. Choose by function, not by the English word.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

実は	じつは — actually (introducing news)
実際	じっさい — reality, in practice
本当は	ほんとうは — the truth is
実に	じつに — truly (formal)
実際のところ	じっさいのところ — as things actually stand
引っ越す	ひっこす — to move house
お願い	おねがい — a favour, a request
不安	ふあん — anxious, uneasy
犯人	はんにん — culprit
正確には	せいかくには — to be precise
出身	しゅっしん — hometown, origin
締め切り	しめきり — deadline

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about — including this one, which comes up whenever someone says "I always use 実じつは." For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

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