LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 24, 2026

ようとする vs てみる: two ways to say "try" in Japanese

English uses one word, "try," for two different things, and Japanese splits them: 〜ようとする means you attempted something (and usually did not get there), while 〜てみる means you actually did it to see what happens. ドアを開ひらけようとした — I tried to open the door (it did not open). ドアを開ひらけてみた — I tried opening the door (and found out).

That is why learners who translate "I tried" word for word land on the wrong one about half the time. The question to ask is not "did I try?" but "did the action actually happen?"

The basics

How do you make the ようとする form?

Take the volitional form of the verb — the "let's" form — and add とする. The volitional is the same form you meet in 行いこう ("let's go"), so if you know that, you already have half of this.

Verb type Dictionary form Volitional + とする
る-verb 食たべる 食たべよう 食たべようとする
う-verb 書かく 書かこう 書かこうとする
う-verb 乗のる 乗のろう 乗のろうとする
る-verb 降おりる 降おりよう 降おりようとする
Irregular する しよう しようとする
Irregular 来くる 来こよう (こよう) 来こようとする

For う-verbs, move the final sound to the お-row and add う: 書かく → 書かこう, 飲のむ → 飲のもう, 待まつ → 待まとう. For る-verbs, drop る and add よう. That is the whole rule. If the volitional itself is new, ましょう and its casual form covers it from the "let's" side.

What does 〜ようとした mean in a sentence?

It describes an attempt, and almost always an attempt that something cut short. The second half of the sentence tells you what went wrong.

電車でんしゃに乗のろうとした時とき、ドアが閉しまった。 — Just as I tried to get on the train, the doors closed. (the attempt failed) 寝ねようとしたら、電話でんわが鳴なった。 — I was about to go to sleep when the phone rang. (interrupted) 何度なんども思い出おもいだそうとしたけど、名前なまえが出でてこない。 — I keep trying to remember, but the name won't come. (effort without result)

Notice the pattern: ようとした + 時とき / たら / けど, then the thing that got in the way. On its own, ようとした sounds unfinished — the listener is waiting for the "but."

What does 〜てみる mean?

It means you did the action as an experiment. The action happened; what you did not know in advance was the result.

新あたらしいラーメン屋やに行いってみた。 — I tried the new ramen place. (you went) 一口ひとくち食たべてみてください。 — Try a bite. (taste it and see) 日本語にほんごで話はなしてみたら、意外いがいと通つうじた。 — I tried speaking Japanese and, surprisingly, it worked. (you did it, and learned something)

てみる is the te-form plus みる ("see"), and it conjugates like any る-verb: てみます, てみた, てみたい, てみて. Written in hiragana, not 見みる, when it means "try."

Side by side

ようとする てみる
Did the action happen? Usually not, or not fully Yes
Focus The effort The experiment and its result
Typical follow-up けど / 時とき / たら + a problem たら + what you found out
English Tried to…, was about to… Tried …ing, gave it a go
Example 食たべようとした (tried to eat — something stopped me) 食たべてみた (tried eating it — here's the verdict)

Beyond the basics

Can ようとする mean "about to"?

Yes, and with things that have no will of their own, that is the only meaning. A door cannot try, so ドアが閉しまろうとしている just means the door is about to close.

ドアが閉しまろうとしている。 — The doors are about to close. (no intention involved) 日にちが沈しずもうとしている。 — The sun is about to set. (a little literary)

This is also why the "about to" sentence and the "I tried" sentence share a form: both describe the moment just before something happens. If you want the plain "just about to" meaning without any sense of effort, 〜るところ is the everyday choice — ところ grammar lays out that timeline.

What about ようと思おもう?

Different verb, different meaning. ようと思おもう is "I'm thinking of doing," a plan rather than an attempt.

来年らいねん、日本にほんに行いこうと思おもっています。 — I'm thinking of going to Japan next year. (a plan) 日本にほんに行いこうとしたけど、チケットが高たかすぎた。 — I tried to go to Japan, but the tickets were too expensive. (an attempt that stalled)

One letter separates them in romaji, which is why they get mixed up. 思おもう is thinking about it; する is making a move. How ようと思おもう compares with つもり is in つもり grammar.

What does ようとしない mean?

In the negative, ようとする turns into a complaint: someone refuses, or will not even make the effort.

子こどもが野菜やさいを食たべようとしない。 — My kid won't even try to eat vegetables. (refusal) 彼かれは人ひとの話はなしを聞きこうとしない。 — He doesn't even try to listen to other people. (criticism)

This form is almost always about someone else, and almost always carries some frustration.

How does it sound in anime?

ようとする shows up at dramatic moments because it freezes the instant before something happens. A character reaching for a door handle as it slams shut, an attack interrupted mid-swing — narration and inner monologue love 〜ようとした瞬間しゅんかん ("the instant I tried to…"). In casual speech the progressive shrinks: 〜ようとしていた becomes 〜ようとしてた, "I was trying to."

てみる, meanwhile, is everywhere in ordinary dialogue and softens into てみ in very casual speech: やってみ ("give it a go"), 食たべてみ. Combined with 〜てしまう, you get the classic 食たべてみたら、止とまらなくなっちゃった — "I tried one and couldn't stop."

Common mistakes

  • Using ようとした when you actually did it. ラーメンを食たべようとした tells the listener you never got to eat it. If you ate it to see what it was like, say 食たべてみた.
  • Using てみた for a failed attempt. ドアを開ひらけてみた means the door opened (or at least you tried the handle and learned it was locked). If you were stopped before you could, it is 開ひらけようとした.
  • Mixing up ようと思おもう and ようとする. 行いこうと思おもう is a plan; 行いこうとした is an attempt. Swap them and your story changes.
  • Writing 見みる for てみる. 食たべて見みる reads as "eat and look at it." The "try" meaning is written in hiragana.
  • Leaving ようとした hanging. 電話でんわしようとした on its own feels unfinished. Add what happened: 電話でんわしようとしたけど、番号ばんごうが分わからなかった.
  • Getting the volitional wrong. 乗のるとする is not the same thing. The form needs the お-sound: 乗のろうとする.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: same verb, opposite result.

1. You tried to open a jar, but it would not open. Say it.

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瓶かめを開ひらけようとしたけど、開ひらかなかった — the jar never opened, so it was an attempt, not an experiment. ようとした + けど + the failure.

2. You tried opening the window to see if the room would get cooler. Say it.

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窓まどを開ひらけてみた — the window did open. You did it to see what would happen, which is exactly てみる.

3. Make the ようとする form of 書かく.

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書かこうとする — う-verb, so く moves to こ and う is added: 書かこう, then とする.

4. Make the ようとする form of 来くる.

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来こようとする(こようとする) — 来くる is irregular. The volitional is こよう, not くよう.

5. Just as you tried to get off the bus, the doors closed. Say it.

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バスを降おりようとした時とき、ドアが閉しまった — 降おりる is a る-verb, so 降おりよう. 時とき marks the moment the attempt was interrupted.

6. Invite a friend to taste your cooking: "Try a bit."

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ちょっと食たべてみて — an invitation to experiment. ようとして would make no sense here, because you want them to actually eat it.

7. "I'm thinking of studying Japanese every morning." Which form?

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毎朝まいあさ日本語にほんごを勉強べんきょうしようと思おもっています — this is a plan, so ようと思おもう. ようとしている would mean you are already making attempts.

8. Complain that your cat won't even try to come out from under the bed.

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猫ねこがベッドの下したから出でようとしない — ようとしない is refusal, often with a little frustration.

9. Fix this sentence: 昨日きのう、そのカフェに行いこうとした。コーヒーがおいしかった。

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昨日きのう、そのカフェに行いってみた。コーヒーがおいしかった。 — you tasted the coffee, so you got there. That is てみた, not ようとした.

10. The train is about to leave. Say it without any sense of effort.

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電車でんしゃが出でるところだ (or 出でようとしている) — a train has no will, so ようとしている can only mean "about to." ところ is the more everyday way to say it.

FAQ

Is ようとする the same as たい? No. たい is a wish — 食たべたい, I want to eat. ようとする is a move toward doing it. You can want to eat something without ever trying to.

Can I use てみる for things I will do in the future? Yes. 今度こんど、行いってみます — "I'll give it a try next time." It is a very natural, slightly soft way to say you will do something.

Is てみたい common? Very. 日本にほんに行いってみたい, "I'd like to try going to Japan," is one of the most common sentences learners say, and it sounds more natural than just 行いきたい when the experience is new to you.

Does ようとする always mean failure? Not always, but the focus is on the attempt, and in the past tense it strongly suggests something got in the way. For a plain success, just use the past tense of the verb.

What is 〜ようとしている? "Is trying to" or "is about to." 彼かれは何なにか言いおうとしている — he's trying to say something. With objects, it is simply "about to."

Is ようとする polite enough for work? Yes. It is neutral grammar; the politeness comes from the ending. ご連絡れんらくしようとしたのですが is perfectly fine in a work email.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

乗る	のる — to get on, to ride
降りる	おりる — to get off
閉まる	しまる — to close (by itself)
開ける	あける — to open (something)
開く	あく — to open (by itself)
寝る	ねる — to sleep, to go to bed
鳴る	なる — to ring
思い出す	おもいだす — to remember, to recall
一口	ひとくち — one bite, a mouthful
意外と	いがいと — surprisingly
通じる	つうじる — to get through, to be understood
沈む	しずむ — to sink, to set (sun)
瞬間	しゅんかん — moment, instant
瓶	びん — jar, bottle
窓	まど — window
猫	ねこ — cat
野菜	やさい — vegetables
連絡	れんらく — contact, getting in touch
来年	らいねん — next year
毎朝	まいあさ — every morning

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. This pair comes up whenever a student tells a story about something that went wrong — "I tried to catch the train" is a ようとした sentence, and it's the moment most learners discover that 乗のろう and 乗のる are not interchangeable.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

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