LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 28, 2026

とにかく (tonikaku) vs ともかく (tomokaku): "anyway" — and the one that also means "extremely

とにかく (tonikaku) means "anyway, in any case" — setting details aside to focus on the main action — and it also works as a casual intensifier meaning "extremely." ともかく (tomokaku) covers the same "anyway" ground but leans more literary, and it's the one you'll see in the fixed phrase 〜はともかく, "setting X aside." They overlap heavily, but とにかく does one job ともかく can't.

Both words let you cut through details and get to what matters, which makes them two of the most useful "just do it" words in everyday Japanese — but とにかく's second life as an intensifier is where the two genuinely split apart.

The basics

とにかく: cutting to the main point or action

とにかく sets aside reasons, details, or complications, and points at what should happen regardless.

とにかく急いそごう。 — Anyway, let's just hurry. (casual, cutting off discussion to act) 理由りゆうは分わからないけど、とにかくやってみよう。 — I don't know the reason, but let's just try it anyway. (casual, common when skipping analysis)

とにかく is one of the most common ways to move a conversation from talking to doing — it explicitly signals "the details don't matter right now, the action does."

とにかく as an intensifier: "extremely"

In casual speech, とにかく also works as a plain intensifier, similar to すごく or めちゃくちゃ, especially before an adjective.

とにかく忙いそがしくて大変たいへんだった。 — It was just incredibly busy, and rough. (casual, emphasizing the sheer degree of busyness) 今日きょうはとにかく暑あつい。 — Today is just ridiculously hot. (casual, a flat statement of extreme degree)

This intensifier use has nothing to do with "anyway" — it's a separate, common function of the same word, and it's the piece that doesn't carry over to ともかく.

Beyond the basics

ともかく: the more literary "anyway"

ともかく covers the same "set this aside, move forward" territory as とにかく, but it reads slightly more formal or literary, and shows up constantly in the fixed phrase それはともかく, "that aside" — a common way to pivot a conversation back to the main topic.

それはともかく、本題ほんだいに入はいりましょう。 — Anyway, setting that aside, let's get to the main topic. (neutral-polite, a common meeting or conversation pivot) とにかく、本題ほんだいに入はいりましょう。 — Same basic meaning, more casual. (casual, less structured feel)

Both work, but それはともかく specifically signals "I'm consciously setting the previous topic aside," while plain とにかく feels more like a blunt "anyway, moving on." To start a new topic rather than bracket the old one off, ところで is the usual opener, and by the way in Japanese warns that using it for a side detail sounds like you stopped listening.

〜はともかく: "leaving X aside"

The pattern 〜はともかく ("leaving X aside," "regardless of X") is where ともかく really earns its keep — it attaches directly to a topic you want to bracket off before making your real point.

勝敗しょうはいはともかく、よく頑張がんばった。 — Win or lose aside, you did a great job. (neutral-warm, praising effort over outcome) 味あじはともかく、見た目みためはきれいだ。 — Setting the taste aside, it looks beautiful. (neutral, a mildly backhanded compliment)

〜はともかく is the usual choice here. 〜はとにかく also exists (結果けっかはとにかく、努力どりょくが大切たいせつだ), but it is less common. In this fixed slot, ともかく is the default.

Why とにかく shows up so often around effort and hardship

Because of its intensifier use, とにかく shows up constantly in stories about hard or busy periods — work, exams, moving, anything demanding — right alongside the "difficult" vocabulary covered in muzukashii vs taihen, since とにかく大変たいへん ("just incredibly rough") is one of the most common ways to open that kind of story.

今週こんしゅうはとにかく大変たいへんだった。とにかく休やすみたい。 — This week was just incredibly rough. I just want to rest, period. (casual, とにかく doing both jobs — intensifier, then "anyway/just")

That second sentence shows both uses back to back: とにかく大変たいへんだった intensifies, and とにかく休やすみたい cuts straight to the point, regardless of anything else going on — the kind of exhausted wrap-up line that pairs naturally with a tired お疲つかれ様さま at the end of the day.

とにかく to open a story: setting the scene before the point

とにかく is also a common way to open a story or explanation, signaling "whatever the background, here's the part that matters" before diving into the actual content.

とにかく、その日ひは朝あさから変へんなことばかり起おきた。 — Anyway, that day, strange things kept happening from the morning on. (casual, a classic story-opening line)

This narrative とにかく isn't quite the same as either the "anyway, let's act" use or the intensifier use — it's closer to a verbal shrug that waves off any need to explain the full backstory before getting into what actually happened. Japanese conversation and casual writing both lean on this opening move constantly, because it lets the speaker skip a slow wind-up and get straight to the interesting part, the same impulse behind とにかく's other two jobs.

Common mistakes

  • Trying to use ともかく as an intensifier. ともかく大変たいへんだった doesn't carry the "extremely" meaning とにかく大変たいへんだった does — ともかく stays in "anyway/setting aside" territory only.
  • Overusing とにかく as a filler in formal writing. It's fine in speech, but a written report benefits from それはともかく or a plainer transition instead.
  • Assuming ともかく is rare or old-fashioned. It's very much alive in modern Japanese, especially in the それはともかく and 〜はともかく patterns.

とにかく vs ともかく

Word Reading "Anyway" meaning Also means "extremely"? Fixed phrase
とにかく とにかく Yes, common and casual Yes —
ともかく ともかく Yes, slightly more literary No 〜はともかく, それはともかく
すごく すごく No Yes (intensifier only) —
めちゃくちゃ めちゃくちゃ No Yes (very casual intensifier) —

FAQ

Can とにかく and ともかく always be swapped? In the plain "anyway, moving forward" sense, mostly yes. But とにかく as an intensifier has no ともかく equivalent, and 〜はともかく is the more common form of the "setting X aside" pattern.

Is ともかく more polite than とにかく? Not exactly more polite — more literary and slightly more considered. Both are fine in polite conversation; ともかく just leans toward writing and more structured speech, the kind you'd find in an essay, a report, or a carefully worded email rather than a quick text.

How do I say "regardless of the reason" using one of these? 理由りゆうはともかく ("leaving the reason aside") works well, using the 〜はともかく pattern directly.

Does とにかく always imply urgency? Often, but not strictly — it implies "let's not get bogged down in details," which frequently comes with urgency but doesn't require it.

What's a natural way to change the subject back to business? それはともかく、〜 is one of the most natural pivots — it's common in both casual and professional conversation for returning to the main point after a tangent.

Practice

1. "Anyway, let's just hurry."

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とにかく急いそごう。 — とにかく sets aside discussion and points straight at the action.

2. "It was just incredibly busy, and rough." (intensifier use)

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とにかく忙いそがしくて大変たいへんだった。 — Here とにかく works as a plain intensifier, not "anyway."

3. "Anyway, setting that aside, let's get to the main topic." (a conscious pivot)

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それはともかく、本題ほんだいに入はいりましょう。 — それはともかく explicitly signals setting the previous topic aside.

4. "Win or lose aside, you did a great job."

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勝敗しょうはいはともかく、よく頑張がんばった。 — The 〜はともかく pattern brackets off 勝敗しょうはい before the real point.

5. Fix this so it carries the "extremely" meaning, not just "anyway": ともかく忙いそがしかった。(meant: it was extremely busy)

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とにかく忙いそがしかった。 — Only とにかく can carry the intensifier sense; ともかく can't do this job.

6. "Setting the taste aside, it looks beautiful." (a mildly backhanded compliment)

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味あじはともかく、見た目みためはきれいだ。 — Another natural use of 〜はともかく to bracket off one quality before praising another.

7. "I don't know the reason, but let's just try it anyway."

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理由りゆうは分わからないけど、とにかくやってみよう。 — とにかく moves past the missing explanation straight to action.

8. "Today is just ridiculously hot." (flat intensifier statement)

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今日きょうはとにかく暑あつい。 — Another clean example of とにかく's intensifier use, unrelated to "anyway."

9. "Leaving the reason aside, ..." (using the fixed pattern)

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理由りゆうはともかく、〜 — 〜はともかく attaches directly to the topic you want to bracket off.

10. "This week was just incredibly rough. I just want to rest, period." (both uses in one passage)

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今週こんしゅうはとにかく大変たいへんだった。とにかく休やすみたい。 — The first とにかく intensifies; the second cuts straight to the point.

In a 30-minute trial lesson, cut a long discussion short with とにかく, then use it as an intensifier in とにかく暑あつい.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

とにかく	とにかく — anyway, in any case; also "extremely"
ともかく	ともかく — anyway, in any case (more literary)
それはともかく	それはともかく — that aside, anyway
〜はともかく	はともかく — leaving ~ aside, regardless of ~
本題	ほんだい — the main topic
勝敗	しょうはい — win or loss
見た目	みため — appearance, looks
急ぐ	いそぐ — to hurry
理由	りゆう — a reason
休む	やすむ — to rest

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, and とにかく is one of the first words I point out doing double duty — students are usually surprised that the same word covers both "anyway" and "extremely" with zero overlap in logic between the two.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N3 · Read something at this level: JLPT N3 stories with audio

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