LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 13, 2026

〜ても: "even if" — and the question words that turn it into "no matter what

〜ても means "even if" or "even though": you do A, and B happens anyway. It is the te-form plus も, and when you put a question word in front of it, the whole thing turns into "no matter what" — which is where most of its real-world value is.

Learners usually arrive at this having already met 〜てもいいですか for permission, without noticing that it is the same grammar. べてもいいですか is literally "even if I eat it, is it fine?" Once you see that, ても stops being a new item and becomes a piece you already own.

The basics

How to build it

Take the te-form and add も.

Type Form 〜ても
Verb く → って っても
Verb, negative かない → かなくて かなくても
い-adjective たかい → たかくて たかくても
な-adjective 便利べんりだ → 便利べんり 便利べんりでも
Noun 学生がくせいだ → 学生がくせい 学生がくせいでも

For adjectives and nouns, the connector is で or くて — the same te-form logic applied to non-verbs. たかいでも is the standard mistake; it has to be たかくても.

あめっても、きます。 — Even if it rains, I'm going. たかくてもいます。 — Even if it's expensive, I'll buy it. 学生がくせいでもれます。 — Even students can enter.

The two meanings, and how to tell them apart

〜ても covers both "even if" (hypothetical) and "even though" (factual), and the tense of the second half decides which.

明日あしたあめっても、きます。 — Even if it rains tomorrow, I'll go. (hasn't happened) あめっても、きました。 — Even though it rained, I went. (it did happen)

English needs two different phrases. Japanese uses one form and lets the rest of the sentence sort it out, which is a pattern you will see again and again.

Question word + ても = "no matter what"

This is where ても earns its place. Put a question word in front and you get a blanket statement.

Pattern Meaning
なにをしても no matter what I do
だれても no matter who comes
どこへっても wherever I go
いつても whenever you come
いくら〜ても no matter how much
どんなに〜ても however much

なにっても、かれかない。 — No matter what I say, he won't listen. どこへっても、ひとおおい。 — Wherever you go, it's crowded. いくらべても、ふとらない。 — No matter how much I eat, I don't gain weight.

いくら〜ても and どんなに〜ても are worth memorising as fixed shapes. They are extremely common, and both need the ても at the end — いくらべて alone is not a sentence.

Beyond the basics

ても vs けど vs のに

All three can translate as "but" or "though," and they are genuinely different.

Form What it says Example
〜ても Even if / even though — general or hypothetical あめってもきます
〜けど / 〜が But — a plain factual contrast あめっているけど、きます
〜のに Despite — and I'm surprised or annoyed あめっているのに、くの?

The one to get right is のに. It is not neutral: it carries a complaint or surprise that ても does not.

勉強べんきょうしたけど、できなかった。 — I studied, but I couldn't do it. (flat statement) 勉強べんきょうしたのに、できなかった。 — I studied, and still couldn't do it. (frustrated) 勉強べんきょうしても、できない。 — Even if I study, I can't do it. (general truth about me)

If you are describing one specific thing that already happened, けど or のに. If you are making a general or hypothetical claim, ても.

The permission grammar is the same grammar

〜てもいいですか is just ても plus いい plus a question.

べてもいいですか。 — Literally: even if I eat it, is it fine?

And its negative partner, 〜なくてもいい, is the same thing with a negative verb: even if I don't, it's fine. Three grammar points from three different textbook chapters, and one construction underneath all of them.

〜ても〜ても: doubling it for emphasis

Repeating the same verb in ても form means the action goes on and on with no result.

ってもっても、なかった。 — I waited and waited, and he never came. やってもやっても、わらない。 — No matter how much I do, it never ends.

This is the same doubling instinct behind 〜ば〜ほど: repeating a verb in Japanese turns a single action into a process. Here the process is futile, which is exactly the feeling being conveyed.

How does it sound in anime?

The question-word patterns carry a lot of declarative dialogue, because "no matter what" is what a character says when they have decided something:

なにがあってもまもる。 — No matter what happens, I'll protect you. 何度なんどやってもおなじだ。 — However many times you try, it's the same. どんなにはなれていても。 — However far apart we are.

なにがあっても is close to a fixed phrase and is worth learning whole. Note that these lines almost always leave the second half short or unsaid — the ても clause does the heavy lifting and the conclusion is a few syllables, which is where the weight lands.

でも as a word of its own

Separately from the grammar, でも is a whole set of everyday words, and they are worth collecting because they are short and high-frequency.

でも、きます。 — But I'm going. (sentence-initial "but") ちゃでもみませんか。 — Shall we have tea or something? (でも softening a suggestion) だれでもできます。 — Anyone can do it. (question word + でも) いつでもいいですよ。 — Any time is fine.

That third and fourth pattern is the noun version of the question-word ても: なんでも ("anything"), だれでも ("anyone"), どこでも ("anywhere"), いつでも ("any time"). Same idea, attached to a noun rather than a verb — and なんでもいい ("anything's fine") is probably the single most-used of the lot.

Common mistakes

  • たかいでも. い-adjectives take くても: たかくても. Only nouns and な-adjectives take でも.
  • Using ても for a single past fact. あめってもきました works, but for a plain "it rained, but I went" about one specific day, けど is more natural.
  • Using ても where のに is meant. ても is neutral; のに carries frustration. 約束やくそくしたのになかった ("he promised and still didn't come") loses its whole point as 約束やくそくしても.
  • Dropping the ても in いくら〜ても. いくらべて is unfinished. The pattern needs both halves.
  • Forgetting the negative form. "Even if I don't go" is かなくても, built on なくて — not かないでも.
  • Treating 〜てもいい as unrelated. It is the same ても. Seeing the connection saves you memorising three patterns separately.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 5 and 6 are a pair: the same facts, and the connector decides whether you are complaining.

1. Make く into the 〜ても form.

Show answer

っても — te-form って plus も. Negative: かなくても, built on なくて.

2. Something is wrong here: たかいでもいます。

Show answer

たかくてもいます — い-adjectives use くても. でも is only for nouns and な-adjectives: 学生がくせいでも, 便利べんりでも.

3. Say "no matter what I say, he won't listen."

Show answer

なにっても、かれかない — a question word plus ても gives you "no matter what." The same shape works with だれが, どこへ and いつ.

4. Say "no matter how much I eat, I don't gain weight."

Show answer

いくらべても、ふとらない — いくら〜ても is a fixed pair and needs both halves. いくらべて on its own is unfinished.

5. What does 勉強べんきょうしたけど、できなかった mean?

Show answer

"I studied, but I couldn't do it" — a flat factual contrast about one occasion. No feeling attached.

6. What does 勉強べんきょうしたのに、できなかった add?

Show answer

Frustration — のに says "and still." This is the pair to question 5: identical facts, and のに tells the listener how you feel about them.

7. What is べてもいいですか literally asking?

Show answer

"Even if I eat it, is it fine?" — the permission grammar is this same ても plus いい. One construction, three textbook chapters.

8. What does ってもっても、なかった mean, and why the repetition?

Show answer

"I waited and waited, and he never came" — doubling a verb in ても form turns one action into a drawn-out, futile process. The repetition is the feeling.

9. Say "even if it rains tomorrow, I'll go."

Show answer

明日あしたあめっても、きます — the non-past ending makes it hypothetical. Change きます to きました and the same clause becomes "even though it rained."

10. How do you say "even if I don't go"?

Show answer

かなくても — the negative ない becomes なくて, then も. かないでも is not the standard form.

FAQ

What is the difference between でも at the start of a sentence and 〜ても? Completely different words that look alike. でも at the start means "but": でも、きます ("but I'll go"). 〜ても is attached to a verb or adjective and means "even if." The give-away is position.

Is 〜ても formal? Neutral — it works in speech, writing and business alike. The question-word patterns (なにがあっても, どんなに〜ても) lean slightly dramatic, which is why they appear so often in fiction and in speeches.

Can I use ても with a request? Yes, and it is common: たかくてもってください ("buy it even if it's expensive"). This is one of the places ても is more flexible than a conditional like と, which cannot be followed by a request at all.

What about 〜としても? A more emphatic, slightly formal "even supposing": 本当ほんとうだとしても、おそすぎる ("even supposing it's true, it's too late"). Recognise it in writing; ても covers your speaking needs.

How is どんなに〜ても different from いくら〜ても? They overlap heavily. いくら leans toward quantity and effort (いくらはらっても, "no matter how much I pay"); どんなに leans toward degree and intensity (どんなにつらくても, "however hard it is"). Either is usually understood.

Why does なにがあっても sound so final? Because it closes off every alternative before the sentence even reaches its point. A speaker who says なにがあっても has pre-emptively ruled out every objection, which is why it is the line characters use right before doing something difficult.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

雨	あめ — rain
降る	ふる — to fall (rain, snow)
高い	たかい — expensive, tall
買う	かう — to buy
学生	がくせい — student
入る	はいる — to enter
言う	いう — to say
聞く	きく — to listen, to ask
太る	ふとる — to gain weight
勉強	べんきょう — study
約束	やくそく — a promise
待つ	まつ — to wait
終わる	おわる — to end, to finish
守る	まもる — to protect
何度	なんど — how many times
離れる	はなれる — to be apart
便利	べんり — convenient
辛い	つらい — hard, painful
払う	はらう — to pay
本当	ほんとう — true, real

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. Most learners already own this grammar without knowing it — they have been asking べてもいいですか for a year — so the lesson is usually not teaching ても at all, it is pointing at the thing they already say.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

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