LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 14, 2026

〜ておく: doing something now so future you does not have to

〜ておく attaches to the te-form and means "do this now, in preparation" or "leave it like this." In real speech it contracts to 〜とく — っておく becomes っとく — which is why you keep hearing a word that isn't in your textbook.

This is one of those grammar points that sounds optional until you notice how often Japanese speakers use it. Almost any action taken with the future in mind gets おく attached, and leaving it off makes the sentence sound flatter and slightly less thoughtful.

The basics

How do you build it?

Take the te-form of a verb and add おく. That's all.

verb (te-form) + おく

明日あしたあさごはんをっておきます。 — I'll buy tomorrow's breakfast in advance. (polite) ホテルを予約よやくしておきました。 — I went ahead and booked the hotel. (polite past)

おく is an ordinary verb (く, "to put"), so it conjugates normally: おきます, おいた, おいて, おかない. The image is literal — you put the action down now so it's already there later.

If your te-form is solid, you already know this grammar. Everything hard about it lives in the te-form, not in おく.

The three things it means

Sense Meaning Example
Preparation Do it now for later 予約よやくしておく
Leave as is Deliberately don't change it まどひらけておく
Deal with it Get it out of the way っておく

あついので、まどひらけておいてください。 — It's hot, so please leave the window open. (polite request — "leave it in that state") 一応いちおうっておきますね。 — I'll mention it just in case. (polite — getting it said now)

The "leave as is" sense catches people out, because it looks like the opposite of "do in advance." It isn't: both are about the state you want to exist later. Opening the window is preparation for the next hour.

The contraction you actually hear

In casual speech ておく becomes とく, and でおく becomes どく:

チケットっとくね。 — I'll grab the tickets. (casual — っておく → っとく) んどいて。 — Drink it (before it gets cold / while you can). (casual — んでおいて → んどいて)

This contraction is everywhere in anime and everyday conversation, and it is invisible to learners because it looks like an unfamiliar verb. Once you can undo it — とく → ておく — a large slice of casual dialogue opens up.

You will also hear 〜しとって in western Japanese, which is the same idea with a regional ending: やっといてください and やっとってください both mean "please do it in advance."

Beyond the basics

ておく vs てある: who did it, and what you're pointing at

Both describe a prepared state, but they focus on different things.

Form Focus Example
〜ておく The act of preparing まどひらけておいた
〜てある The resulting state まどひらけてある

もう準備じゅんびしてあります。 — It's already been prepared. (polite — the state, agent unmentioned) もう準備じゅんびしておきました。 — I've already prepared it. (polite — I did it)

Notice the particle: てある usually takes が for the thing, because it has become a description of that thing. ておく keeps を, because you are still describing an action you performed. The teiru form is the third member of this family — it describes an ongoing action or a state, without the "on purpose, for later" flavour that both おく and ある carry.

おぼえておく: the one you'll use most

おぼえておく ("remember this / keep it in mind") is close to a fixed phrase, and it appears constantly in both directions:

これはおぼえておいてください。 — Please keep this in mind. (polite request) おぼえとくよ。 — I'll remember. (casual reply)

おぼえる alone means "to memorise, to learn." Adding おく shifts it to "hold onto it for later use," which is what you actually want in most sentences.

The negative: two of them

Both exist and mean different things:

なにわないでおきます。 — I'll leave it unsaid. (polite — deliberately not doing it) 予約よやくしておかないと、れませんよ。 — If you don't book ahead, you won't get in. (polite warning)

〜ないでおく is "deliberately refrain," which is a genuine and slightly literary choice. 〜ておかないと is the everyday one: a warning that skipping the preparation has consequences.

Politeness and softening

おく softens announcements about your own actions. Compare:

メールをおくります。 — I'll send the email. (flat statement) メールをおくっておきます。 — I'll go ahead and send the email. (polite, considerate — implies "so it's handled for you")

The second sounds more like a colleague and less like a machine. This is the register effect that makes おく worth using even when the preparation sense is barely present.

おく vs しまう

Both attach to the te-form, both add an attitude, and they are near opposites. 〜てしまう marks completion, often with regret; 〜ておく marks preparation, with foresight. べてしまった is "I ate it all (oops)"; べておいた is "I ate in advance (sensible)."

Common mistakes

  • Using it with states rather than actions. っておく is odd; おぼえておく is what you want.
  • Reading とく as a new verb. っとく, やっとく, とく — these are all ておく. Undo the contraction before you look anything up.
  • Using the contraction in polite speech. 予約よやくしときました is casual. In a work email, write 予約よやくしておきました.
  • Confusing ておく with てある. ておく describes what you did; てある describes how something is. まどひらけておいた vs まどひらけてある.
  • Dropping おく where Japanese wants it. It is not wrong to say 予約よやくします, but 予約よやくしておきます is what a native speaker says when the booking is for a future event.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 5 and 6 are a pair: same situation, and only the focus moves.

1. Make the ておく form of う.

Show answer

っておく — te-form って, then おく. All the difficulty is in the te-form.

2. Say "I went ahead and booked the hotel," politely.

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ホテルを予約よやくしておきました — おく is an ordinary verb, so it takes ました for the polite past.

3. Ask someone to leave the window open.

Show answer

まどひらけておいてください — the "leave as is" sense. You are asking for a state to persist into the near future.

4. What is っとく short for?

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っておく — casual speech contracts ておく to とく, and でおく to どく. It is not a separate verb.

5. Say "I've already prepared it," focusing on the fact that you did it.

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もう準備じゅんびしておきました — ておく keeps the action, and the doer, in view.

6. Say "it's already prepared," focusing on the state.

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もう準備じゅんびしてあります — てある describes the resulting state and leaves the agent out. This is the pair to question 5.

7. Reply casually to これはおぼえておいてください.

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おぼえとくよおぼえておく contracted, with よ for reassurance.

8. Warn someone that they won't get in without booking.

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予約よやくしておかないと、れませんよ — 〜ておかないと is the everyday "if you don't do it in advance" warning.

9. Say "I'll leave it unsaid."

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なにわないでおきます — ないでおく is deliberately refraining, which is different from simply not doing something.

10. Why does メールをおくっておきます sound more considerate than メールをおくります?

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おく implies you are handling it so it is done for later — the foresight is built into the grammar, which makes the sentence sound like a colleague rather than an announcement.

FAQ

Is おく written in kanji? く exists, but the grammatical use is normally written in kana. いておく (physically put something and leave it there) mixes both and is a real sentence.

Can I use ておく with する-verbs? Yes, constantly: 確認かくにんしておく, 準備じゅんびしておく, 連絡れんらくしておく. These are among the most common forms in office Japanese.

Does ておく have a past-tense-only meaning? No. 予約よやくしておきます (future), 予約よやくしておきました (done), 予約よやくしておいて (request) all work.

How is とく different from どく? Purely phonetic. Verbs whose te-form ends in で (んで, んで, あそんで) become どく: んどく, んどく.

Is ておく polite? It is register-neutral — politeness comes from おきます vs おく. The contraction とく is the casual marker, not おく itself.

Can I stack it with other endings? Yes: っておきたい ("I want to buy it in advance"), っておかなければならない ("I have to buy it in advance"). おく behaves like any other verb once attached.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

置く	おく — to put, to place
買う	かう — to buy
予約	よやく — reservation
準備	じゅんび — preparation
窓	まど — window
開ける	あける — to open
暑い	あつい — hot
言う	いう — to say
覚える	おぼえる — to remember, to learn
送る	おくる — to send
確認	かくにん — confirmation
連絡	れんらく — contact, getting in touch
朝ごはん	あさごはん — breakfast
飲む	のむ — to drink
入る	はいる — to enter
一応	いちおう — just in case, for now
読む	よむ — to read
遊ぶ	あそぶ — to play

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. I say 〜しとってください in class without noticing, and learners hear a verb they've never met. It is just ておく wearing a regional accent — and once you can undo the contraction, casual Japanese gets noticeably easier to follow.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

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