LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Lesson notes · Sep 18, 2026

休憩きゅうけい, 休暇きゅうか, やすみ: three words for a break, and one of them is not a verb

休憩きゅうけい is a break inside a working day. 休暇きゅうか is leave counted in days. やすみ is the ordinary word that covers both and also means "closed" and "absent." If you only learn one, learn やすみ.

The trap is not the meanings, which are reasonably intuitive. It is that 休憩きゅうけい takes します and 休暇きゅうか does not, and that やすみ does four unrelated jobs depending on the sentence it sits in.

The basics

The three words, side by side

Word Reading How long Where it appears
休憩きゅうけい きゅうけい Minutes to an hour Inside a shift, a lesson, a drive
休暇きゅうか きゅうか Days to weeks Work leave, on forms and in HR language
やす やすみ Anything Everyday speech, for all of the above
休日きゅうじつ きゅうじつ A whole day Calendars, opening hours, timetables
連休れんきゅう れんきゅう Several days in a row News, travel talk, holiday planning

十分じゅうぶん休憩きゅうけいしましょう。 — Let's take a ten-minute break. (polite) 来週らいしゅう休暇きゅうかります。 — I'm taking leave next week. (polite) 明日あしたやすみです。 — Tomorrow is my day off. (polite)

The rule that actually matters

休憩きゅうけい takes します. 休暇きゅうか takes る. They are not interchangeable.

ちょっと休憩きゅうけいします。 — I'll take a short break. (polite) 休暇きゅうかります。 — I'll take leave. (polite) 休暇きゅうかします。(unnatural — do not say this)

休憩きゅうけい is a suru-verb. 休暇きゅうか is a pure noun: it is something you take (る), get (もらう), use (使つかう) or are on (休暇中きゅうかちゅう). This single fact fixes most of the mistakes learners make with this group.

やすみ does four different jobs

Look at what the same word means in four sentences:

明日あしたやすみです。 — Tomorrow is a day off. (a holiday) このみせ今日きょうやすみです。 — This shop is closed today. (closed) 田中たなかさんは今日きょうやすみです。 — Tanaka is off today. (absent) 夏休なつやすみに日本にほんきます。 — I'm going to Japan in the summer holidays. (a school vacation)

Only context separates them. This is why やすみです is one of the most useful sentences in the language and also one of the most ambiguous.

The verb やすむ carries the same spread: to rest, to take a day off, and to be absent.

今日きょうやすみます。 — I'm taking today off. / I'll be absent today. (polite) すこやすんでください。 — Please rest a little. (polite)

If you are calling in sick, やすみます is the word you want — the article on saying you're unwell has the rest of that phone call.

Beyond the basics

定休日ていきゅうび: the one travellers need

定休日ていきゅうび (ていきゅうび) is a shop's regular closing day — the day it is shut every week. It appears on shop doors, on Google listings and on websites, and missing it is the most common way a planned visit fails.

定休日ていきゅうび: 水曜日すいようび — Closed on Wednesdays. (written, on a sign) 本日ほんじつ休業きゅうぎょう — Closed today. (written, on a sign)

本日ほんじつ休業きゅうぎょう (ほんじつきゅうぎょう) is the temporary version: closed today specifically. 臨時りんじ休業きゅうぎょう (りんじきゅうぎょう) means closed unexpectedly. If you see either taped to a door, the shop is not opening later.

休日きゅうじつ vs 祝日しゅくじつ vs 祭日さいじつ

  • 休日きゅうじつ — any non-working day, including weekends
  • 祝日しゅくじつ (しゅくじつ) — a national holiday, the ones printed in red on a calendar
  • 祭日さいじつ (さいじつ) — historically a religious festival day; now largely folded into 祝日しゅくじつ, and people say 祝祭日しゅくさいじつ as a set phrase

So every 祝日しゅくじつ is a 休日きゅうじつ, but most 休日きゅうじつ are just Saturdays and Sundays. Days of the week and calendar vocabulary are in the days and dates article.

連休れんきゅう and the holiday weeks

連休れんきゅう is consecutive days off. 三連休さんれんきゅう is a three-day weekend. The big ones have names — ゴールデンウィーク in late spring, シルバーウィーク in autumn when the dates line up — and they dominate travel conversation for weeks beforehand.

今週末こんしゅうまつ三連休さんれんきゅうです。 — We have a three-day weekend this week. (polite)

The workplace set

These appear on forms and in conversation with colleagues:

  • 有給休暇ゆうきゅうきゅうか (ゆうきゅうきゅうか) — paid leave, usually shortened to 有給ゆうきゅう (ゆうきゅう)
  • 育児休暇いくじきゅうか (いくじきゅうか) — childcare leave, shortened to 育休いくきゅう (いくきゅう)
  • 産休さんきゅう (さんきゅう) — maternity leave
  • 欠勤けっきん (けっきん) — absence from work, the neutral HR word
  • 欠席けっせき (けっせき) — absence from a class or event
  • 休講きゅうこう (きゅうこう) — a class cancelled by the teacher or institution

休講きゅうこう is the one students need. If a notice says 本日ほんじつ休講きゅうこう, the lesson is not happening.

How it sounds in anime

Three things worth listening for.

First, 休憩きゅうけい! shouted on its own is the standard "break time!" — on a film set, in a training scene, in a kitchen. It works as a complete utterance.

Second, ゆっくりやすんで is the standard line for "get some rest," usually said to someone injured or exhausted. ゆっくり here means "at your own pace," not "slowly."

Third, 夏休なつやすみ is the entire premise of a large number of episodes. When you hear it in the first minute, the episode is about what the characters do with unstructured time.

Common mistakes

  • 休暇きゅうかします. 休暇きゅうか is a noun. Say 休暇きゅうかります, or just やすみます.
  • 休憩きゅうけい for a day off. 休憩きゅうけい is minutes, not days. A day off is やすみ or 休暇きゅうか.
  • 休み中やすみちゅう for "on a break." 休憩中きゅうけいちゅう is the break; 休み中やすみちゅう sounds like the whole holiday period. A shop sign reading 休憩中きゅうけいちゅう means "back shortly."
  • Answering 今日きょうやすみですか with はい when you meant the shop. The sentence works for people and shops both — add みせは or the person's name if it matters.
  • Reading 休日きゅうじつ as やすみび. It is きゅうじつ. やすにち is not a word.
  • Using 欠席けっせき at work. 欠席けっせき is for classes and events; work absence is 欠勤けっきん. Using the wrong one is not serious, but it marks you out.

FAQ

What is the difference between やすみ and 休憩きゅうけい? Length and structure. 休憩きゅうけい is a pause inside an activity, usually measured in minutes and often scheduled. やすみ is a whole day or period away from it. A lunch break is 休憩きゅうけい; a public holiday is やすみ.

How do I ask for a break politely in a lesson or a meeting? すこ休憩きゅうけいしてもいいですか — "may I take a short break?" The 〜てもいいですか pattern is covered in asking permission.

Is 休暇きゅうか used in conversation? Less than you would think. Between colleagues people say やすみ or 有給ゆうきゅう. 休暇きゅうか shows up in writing, in HR contexts, and when the leave is long enough to be an event.

What does 休業きゅうぎょう mean on a shop door? Closed for business. 本日ほんじつ休業きゅうぎょう is today only, 臨時りんじ休業きゅうぎょう is an unexpected closure, and 定休日ていきゅうび is the regular weekly closing day.

Does やすむ always mean sleeping? No. It means to rest, to take time off, or to be absent. おやすみなさい as a goodnight greeting is a separate fixed expression built from the same verb.

What is 有給ゆうきゅう exactly? 有給休暇ゆうきゅうきゅうか, paid annual leave. In conversation it is almost always shortened: 有給ゆうきゅうる, "to take a paid day off."

Practice

Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same idea of "taking a break," with the two words that behave differently.

1. Say "I'll take a short break," politely.

Show answer

ちょっと休憩きゅうけいします。休憩きゅうけい is a suru-verb, so します attaches directly.

2. Say "I'm taking leave next week," politely.

Show answer

来週らいしゅう休暇きゅうかります。休暇きゅうか is a pure noun and does not take します. 休暇きゅうかします is the mistake this article exists for.

3. A shop sign reads 定休日ていきゅうび: 水曜日すいようび. What does it tell you?

Show answer

The shop is closed every Wednesday. 定休日ていきゅうび is the regular weekly closing day, not a one-off. 本日ほんじつ休業きゅうぎょう would be today only.

4. Say "This shop is closed today," politely.

Show answer

このみせ今日きょうやすみです。やすみ covers "closed" as well as "day off." Context does the work.

5. Ask permission to take a short break, politely.

Show answer

すこ休憩きゅうけいしてもいいですか。休憩きゅうけいする in て-form plus もいいですか. Minutes, so 休憩きゅうけい and not 休暇きゅうか.

6. You are phoning work to say you will not come in today. What do you say?

Show answer

今日きょうやすみます。 — the verb やすむ covers absence. 欠勤けっきんします is the HR word and sounds odd said aloud to your own manager.

7. What is 有給ゆうきゅう short for, and what does it mean?

Show answer

有給休暇ゆうきゅうきゅうか — paid annual leave. In speech almost always shortened: 有給ゆうきゅうる.

8. A university notice says 本日ほんじつ休講きゅうこう. What has happened?

Show answer

Today's class is cancelled. 休講きゅうこう is a class called off by the teacher or institution, not a student being absent — that would be 欠席けっせき.

9. Fix this: 来週らいしゅう休暇きゅうかします。

Show answer

来週らいしゅう休暇きゅうかります。 — or simply 来週らいしゅうやすみます. 休暇きゅうか takes る, もらう or 使つかう, never します.

10. Say "We have a three-day weekend this week," politely.

Show answer

今週末こんしゅうまつ三連休さんれんきゅうです。連休れんきゅう is consecutive days off, counted with the ordinary number: 三連休さんれんきゅう.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

休憩	きゅうけい — a short break
休暇	きゅうか — leave (from work)
休み	やすみ — day off; closed; absence
休む	やすむ — to rest, to take off, to be absent
休日	きゅうじつ — a non-working day
祝日	しゅくじつ — a national holiday
連休	れんきゅう — consecutive days off
定休日	ていきゅうび — regular weekly closing day
休業	きゅうぎょう — closed for business
臨時休業	りんじきゅうぎょう — unexpected closure
有給休暇	ゆうきゅうきゅうか — paid leave
育児休暇	いくじきゅうか — childcare leave
産休	さんきゅう — maternity leave
欠勤	けっきん — absence from work
欠席	けっせき — absence from class or an event
休講	きゅうこう — cancelled class
夏休み	なつやすみ — summer holidays
取る	とる — to take

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 休暇きゅうかします is the single most reliable tell that someone learned this set from a dictionary rather than from use — and it takes about thirty seconds to fix.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

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