LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5How you sound · Sep 12, 2026

てもいいですか: how to actually ask "can I...?" in Japanese

〜てもいいですか asks for permission by literally saying "even if I do this, is it fine?" — and in real conversation, most of that sentence gets dropped.

Textbooks teach it as a fixed phrase to memorize. It is actually three small pieces stacked together, and once you can see the pieces, you can build the casual, rude, and formal versions yourself instead of memorizing each one separately.

The basics

What does てもいいですか literally mean?

Break it apart and it stops being mysterious:

  • — the te-form of a verb, the connector that links actions
  • — "even" / "also"
  • いい — good, fine
  • ですか — the polite question ending

Put together: "even if [I do this], is it good?" — which is just a roundabout, softened way of asking permission. Japanese avoids direct requests, and this construction is the main tool for that.

写真しゃしんってもいいですか。 — May I take a photo? (polite, to a stranger or shop staff) ここにすわってもいいですか。 — Is it okay if I sit here? (polite, general use)

How do you build it from any verb?

Take the te-form of the verb and add もいいですか. That's the whole formula.

はいってもいいですか。 — May I come in? (polite, at a classroom or office door) ちょっといてもいいですか。 — Can I ask you something? (polite, a soft conversation opener)

The only trap is grammar, not meaning: you need the te-form, not the dictionary form. すわるもいいですか is wrong; すわもいいですか is right. If your te-form conjugation is shaky, that is the actual bottleneck here, not the phrase itself.

Where will you actually hear and use it?

Almost anywhere a stranger has authority over the space you're in: shops, classrooms, someone else's home, a train seat next to a stranger, an office.

まどひらけてもいいですか。 — Is it okay if I open the window? (polite, shared space) これ、試着しちゃくしてもいいですか。 — Can I try this on? (polite, retail)

It is the default "may I" for anyone you are not close with — which, per our politeness switch, is most people you'll talk to.

Beyond the basics

How casual can it get?

In real speech, ですか is usually the first thing to disappear.

トイレ、ってもいい? — Can I go to the bathroom? (casual, dropped ですか, rising intonation carries the question) これ、べてもいい? — Can I eat this? (casual, friend or family) てもいい? — Can I look? (casual)

Push it further and even もいい can shrink to just もいいかな (asking yourself out loud, softer, less direct) or, in a context where the verb is obvious from what you're holding or pointing at, just いい? — nothing but the question particle, with the whole request carried by gesture and tone. Anime leans on this constantly: a character holds up food, looks at someone, and says only いい?

What's the difference between てもいいですか and てください?

They point in opposite directions. てもいいですか asks permission for yourself to do something. てください asks someone else to do something.

すわってもいいですか。 — May I sit? (you're asking to do it) すわってください。 — Please sit. (you're asking them to do it)

Mixing these up is one of the most common beginner errors, because in English "can I sit here" and "please, sit" can both sound like polite offers depending on tone — in Japanese the grammar draws a hard line.

Is there a more formal version?

Yes — swap いいですか for よろしいでしょうか when you want extra deference: a business meeting, a doctor's office, a very senior person.

拝見はいけんしてもよろしいでしょうか。 — Might I take a look? (very formal, business register)

You will rarely need this as a learner, but recognizing it matters — it shows up in customer service Japanese constantly.

The negative version means something different

なくてもいいですか is not "may I not" in the sense of refusing — it asks whether an action is optional, i.e., "is it okay if I don't do this?"

今日きょう宿題しゅくだいをしなくてもいいですか。 — Is it okay if I don't do homework today? (asking if something is optional)

This is a separate question from prohibition — for what happens when the answer is a hard "no," see 〜てはいけません, the grammar point that sits on the other side of this one.

How do people actually answer, beyond a flat yes or no?

Real answers rarely stop at いいです. They usually come with a small addition that softens or contextualizes the permission:

はい、どうぞ。 — Yes, go ahead. (warm, inviting — very common when handing something over or gesturing toward a seat) いいですよ。 — Sure, that's fine. (the よ adds reassurance, like "no need to worry") ちょっといまは… — It's a bit... not right now. (trailing off, a soft no without ever saying no)

Notice that どうぞ alone — without even a verb — is a complete, natural answer to a permission question. Once someone asks すわってもいいですか, どうぞ by itself does the entire job of "please, go ahead."

How to practise it

Walk around your day and silently turn small actions into てもいいですか questions: opening a window, taking the last coffee, sitting in a particular seat. You don't need anyone to answer — the goal is building the te-form + もいいですか reflex until it stops requiring translation in your head.

Then do the reverse: next time you're watching something and a character asks for permission, listen for how much of the full form actually survives. Counting how often it shrinks to just いい? is a fast way to tune your ear to real spoken Japanese instead of textbook Japanese.

Common mistakes

  • Using the dictionary form instead of the te-form. すわるもいいですか is not grammatical; it has to be すわもいいですか.
  • Reaching for ましょうか instead. ましょうか means "shall I [do this for you]" — an offer, not a request for permission. ちましょうか = "shall I carry it?" is a completely different sentence from ってもいいですか = "may I carry it?"
  • Using よろしいでしょうか with friends. It is correct, but it lands as oddly stiff — the equivalent of asking your roommate "might I possibly use the microwave?"
  • Assuming a yes always sounds like いいです. A soft Japanese "no" rarely says the word no. すみません、ちょっと… ("sorry, it's a bit...") trailing off is a refusal — a pattern worth knowing before you ask.

The politeness ladder

Form Feel Example
〜てもよろしいでしょうか Very formal, maximum deference うかがってもよろしいでしょうか
〜てもいいですか Standard polite — the safe default すわってもいいですか
〜てもいい? Casual, spoken すわってもいい?
〜てもいいかな Casual, softer, thinking aloud すわってもいいかな
いい? (verb implied by context) Very casual, shorthand (holding the last snack) いい?

FAQ

Is てもいいですか rude to say to a teacher or boss? No — it's the standard polite register and perfectly appropriate. よろしいでしょうか exists for moments that call for even more formality, not because てもいいですか is somehow too casual.

How do you say yes or no in response? A plain yes is はい、いいですよ. A polite no almost never uses the word no — expect すみません、ちょっと… or ここはちょっと… trailing into silence.

Is てもいいですか the same as できますか? No. できますか asks about ability or possibility ("can this be done?"). てもいいですか asks about permission ("am I allowed to do this?"). 撮影さつえいできますか asks whether photography is possible here at all; ってもいいですか asks whether you personally may take one.

Can you drop ですか completely? Yes, in casual speech — てもいい? with rising intonation, or in very informal moments just いい? once context makes the verb obvious.

What does 〜てもいいんじゃない mean — is that the same grammar? Related but different in force. 〜てもいいんじゃない reads as a suggestion — "wouldn't it be fine to...?" — often used to reassure someone else it's okay, rather than to ask permission for yourself.

Does adding かな change the meaning? It softens it into a half-question to yourself — すわってもいいかな sounds like thinking out loud, which paradoxically often reads as more polite than a direct question because it doesn't pressure the other person for an immediate answer.

Do you need to answer with a full sentence? No — most real answers are short. どうぞ ("go ahead"), うん、いいよ ("sure"), or a hesitant ちょっと… all work as complete responses on their own. Matching a short question with a short answer is more natural than building a full sentence either way.


I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about — including this one, which comes up in nearly every beginner's first few lessons.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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