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N3How you sound · Sep 28, 2026

くどい (kudoi): too heavy, too long, too many times

くどい (kudoi) describes anything that's excessive to the point of being wearying — food that's too rich or heavy, a story that's too long-winded and repetitive, a point made one too many times. Whatever the context, くどい always signals "this has gone on longer or heavier than it needed to."

The common thread across every use of くどい is repetition or excess past the point of enjoyment — one more layer of richness, one more retelling, one more repeated warning than was actually necessary.

The basics

くどい describing food: too rich, too heavy

The most common everyday use of くどい describes food that's overly rich, heavy, or greasy — the kind of dish where the flavor or fat content becomes tiring before you've finished it.

この料理りょうりはちょっとくどい。 — This dish is a bit too heavy/rich. (casual, mild complaint) クリームソースがくどくて、途中とちゅうで飽あきた。 — The cream sauce was so heavy that I got tired of it halfway through. (casual)

くどい here isn't the opposite of tasty — a dish can be delicious and still くどい if the richness becomes too much by the end of the plate. When the dish is good despite being heavy, 美味おいしい is the safe word, and delicious in Japanese warns that うまい sounds blunt and 絶品ぜっぴん overstates anything merely decent.

くどい describing speech: long-winded and repetitive

くどい applies just as naturally to talking — a story, explanation, or complaint that drags on far longer than the content actually needs, usually because the same point gets repeated.

彼かれの話はなしはいつもくどくて長ながい。 — His stories are always long-winded and repetitive. (casual, mild complaint about a person) 同おなじことを何度なんども説明せつめいされて、くどいと思おもった。 — Being explained the same thing over and over, I thought it was overdone. (casual-neutral)

The repetition is the key feature — a story can be long without being くどい if it doesn't repeat itself; くどい specifically flags unnecessary restating.

Beyond the basics

くどい describing a person's nagging or over-explaining

くどい extends naturally to describing a person's habit of repeating the same point, warning, or joke past the point anyone needed to hear it — a mild, everyday complaint about someone's communication style rather than a serious character flaw.

もう分わかったから、そんなにくどく言いわなくていいよ。 — I get it already, you don't need to keep repeating it. (casual, gently asking someone to stop) 彼かれは毎回まいかい同おなじ冗談じょうだんを言いうので、正直しょうじきくどい。 — He tells the same joke every time, honestly it's tiresome. (casual, mild complaint)

くどく here is the adverb form, describing how something is said (repeatedly, excessively) rather than what it is — a mild, everyday cousin of the vocabulary covered in how to complain in Japanese, for when the complaint is really just "please stop repeating yourself."

くどい and 口説くどく: the same root, a completely different meaning

くどい shares its root with the verb 口説くどく (くどく, kudoku), "to woo" or "to persistently court someone" — both come from the idea of insistent repetition, but they've split into very different everyday meanings. くどい criticizes excess; 口説くどく describes romantic persistence, and isn't inherently negative at all.

昔むかしから彼女かのじょを口説くどいているが、なかなかうまくいかない。 — He's been trying to woo her for a long time, but it's not going well. (casual-neutral, describing a romantic pursuit)

Despite the shared root, don't try to use くどい to describe someone's romantic pursuit, or 口説くどく to complain about a repetitive story — they've drifted too far apart in modern use to swap.

くどい vs あっさり: the flavor scale learners actually need

くどい sits at one end of a flavor-weight scale that's essential for describing food in Japanese — the opposite end is あっさり (light, plain, refreshing), which gets its own detailed treatment in an article on Japanese taste words.

この味あじはくどくなく、あっさりしていて食たべやすい。 — This flavor isn't heavy, it's light and easy to eat. (casual, a common way to praise a dish)

Being able to place a dish anywhere between くどい and あっさり is one of the most useful, naturally native-sounding food comments you can make in Japanese.

Common mistakes

  • Using くどい to praise deep, rich flavor positively. くどい always implies "too much" — for genuinely delicious richness without the negative edge, 濃厚のうこう (のうこう, "rich, full-bodied") is the word that praises rather than complains.
  • Using くどい for a story that's simply long, but not repetitive. Length alone isn't くどい — the complaint is specifically about needless repetition, not duration by itself.
  • Confusing くどい with 口説くどく. They share a root but mean very different things now — くどい criticizes excess, 口説くどく describes romantic pursuit, and neither can substitute for the other in modern speech.
  • Treating くどい as a serious insult about someone's character. It's usually a mild, everyday complaint about communication style or a dish's richness — not a harsh judgment of the person overall.

くどい vs しつこい vs 濃厚のうこう

Word Reading What it describes Tone
くどい くどい Excessive richness or repetition (food, speech) Mildly negative, "enough already"
しつこい しつこい Persistent, clingy behavior (broader than speech/food) Negative, can feel intrusive
濃厚のうこう のうこう Rich, full-bodied flavor Positive
あっさり あっさり Light, plain, refreshing flavor Positive/neutral

FAQ

Is くどい rude to say directly to someone? It can sting a little if said bluntly to someone's face, but it's common enough as a casual complaint among friends that it isn't considered harsh — tone and relationship matter more than the word itself.

What's the difference between くどい and しつこい? しつこい covers a broader range of persistent, clingy, or pushy behavior — including things unrelated to speech or food, like a persistent salesperson or a clingy insect bite. くどい is more specifically about excess richness or repetition in food and talk.

Can くどい describe a color or a design, not just food or speech? Yes, less commonly — a くどいデザイン ("an overdone design") describes visual excess, too many elements or too much decoration, following the same "more than necessary" logic.

Is 濃厚のうこう always a compliment? Almost always, when describing food — 濃厚のうこうな味あじ ("rich, full-bodied flavor") is genuinely positive. It only turns negative if paired with words suggesting it's gone too far, at which point くどい takes over.

How would you politely ask someone to stop repeating a point? もう分わかりましたので大丈夫だいじょうぶです ("I understand now, so it's fine") is a gentler, more indirect way to signal the same thing as くどいよ without using the word itself.

Practice

1. "This dish is a bit too heavy/rich."

Show answer

この料理りょうりはちょっとくどい。 — くどい describes excess richness, not simply strong flavor.

2. "His stories are always long-winded and repetitive."

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彼かれの話はなしはいつもくどくて長ながい。 — くどい here targets the repetition, not just the length.

3. "Being explained the same thing over and over, I thought it was overdone."

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同おなじことを何度なんども説明せつめいされて、くどいと思おもった。 — 何度なんども (many times) makes the repetition explicit.

4. "I get it already, you don't need to keep repeating it."

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もう分わかったから、そんなにくどく言いわなくていいよ。 — くどく is the adverb form, describing how something is said.

5. "The cream sauce was so heavy that I got tired of it halfway through."

Show answer

クリームソースがくどくて、途中とちゅうで飽あきた。 — くどくて connects the heaviness to the result: getting tired of it.

6. "He tells the same joke every time, honestly it's tiresome."

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彼かれは毎回まいかい同おなじ冗談じょうだんを言いうので、正直しょうじきくどい。 — 毎回まいかい同おなじ (the same thing every time) is the repetition that makes it くどい.

7. "He's been trying to woo her for a long time, but it's not going well." (the romantic cousin word)

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昔むかしから彼女かのじょを口説くどいているが、なかなかうまくいかない。 — 口説くどく shares a root with くどい but means "to woo," not "excessive."

8. "This flavor isn't heavy, it's light and easy to eat." (contrast with あっさり)

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この味あじはくどくなく、あっさりしていて食たべやすい。 — くどくなく places the dish at the opposite end of the flavor scale from くどい.

Knowing when くどい is the right complaint, for a rich dessert or a repeated joke, is a matter of feel, so try it on a few situations with a teacher in a trial lesson.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

くどい	くどい — excessive, too heavy/repetitive
口説く	くどく — to woo, to persistently court someone
しつこい	しつこい — persistent, clingy, pushy
濃厚	のうこう — rich, full-bodied (flavor, positive)
あっさり	あっさり — light, plain, refreshing (flavor)
何度も	なんども — many times, over and over
飽きる	あきる — to get tired of, sick of
説明する	せつめいする — to explain
冗談	じょうだん — a joke
分かる	わかる — to understand

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, and くどい is one of the words students reach for the fastest once they learn it — it's exactly the word for a rich dessert, a rambling explanation, or a running joke that's gone on one round too many.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N3 · Read something at this level: JLPT N3 stories with audio

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