LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Talking to real people · Sep 17, 2026

Talking about the weather in Japanese: あつい vs あたたかい, and the small talk that always works

あつい is hot in a way you would rather it were not. あたたかい is warm in a way you are glad about. Japanese splits temperature by whether you like it, not by degrees — and the same split runs through さむい (unpleasantly cold) and すずしい (pleasantly cool).

Weather is the single most useful small-talk topic in Japanese, more so than in English, because it is a genuinely standard opener rather than a filler. あついですね to a shop assistant in August is not awkward; it is the expected thing to say.

The basics

The four temperature words

Japanese Reading Meaning Do you like it?
あつ あつい hot (weather) No
あたたかい あたたかい warm Yes
すずしい すずしい cool Yes
さむ さむい cold No

今日きょうあついですね。 — It's hot today, isn't it. (polite — a complaint you are sharing) 今日きょうあたたかいですね。 — It's lovely and warm today, isn't it. (polite — a pleasure you are sharing)

Both sentences describe the same thermometer reading on different days. What differs is whether the speaker is enjoying it. This is a real distinction and getting it wrong reads oddly: saying あたたかいですね on a brutal August afternoon sounds either sarcastic or like you have misunderstood something.

あつい vs あつい: two different hots

Both read あつい. They are different words for different things.

  • あつ — hot air, hot weather
  • あつ — a hot object, hot food, hot water

このおちゃあついです。 — This tea is hot. (polite — the object) 今日きょうあついです。 — It's hot today. (polite — the air)

Say このおちゃあついです and you have said the tea is experiencing hot weather. In speech they sound identical, so this only matters in writing — but in writing it matters completely.

The weather nouns

Japanese Reading Meaning
天気てんき てんき weather
はれ clear, sunny
くも くもり cloudy
あめ あめ rain
ゆき ゆき snow
かぜ かぜ wind
台風たいふう たいふう typhoon
梅雨つゆ つゆ the rainy season
天気予報てんきよほう てんきよほう weather forecast
湿気しっけ しっけ humidity

明日あしたあめだそうです。 — Apparently it's going to rain tomorrow. (polite, relaying a forecast)

Beyond the basics

Rain falls, it does not rain

Japanese has no verb meaning "to rain." Rain is a noun and it falls.

あめっています。 — It's raining. (polite — literally "rain is falling") ゆきりました。 — It snowed. (polite)

る (ふる) is the verb for anything falling from the sky, and it takes が because the rain is the subject. This is the same intransitive framing that runs through much of Japanese — things happen rather than being done. If that framing is new, transitive and intransitive verbs is the place to start.

蒸し暑むしあつい: the word the Japanese summer requires

蒸し暑むしあつい (むしあつい) means hot and humid — literally "steaming hot." It is not optional vocabulary if you are in Japan between June and September.

蒸し暑むしあついですね。 — It's so humid, isn't it. (polite — the single most-used sentence of a Tokyo summer)

The related noun is 湿気しっけ (しっけ), humidity. 湿気しっけがすごいですね ("the humidity is incredible") is the other standard version of the same complaint, and complaining about it together is close to a social ritual.

〜そうです and 〜みたい for forecasts

Weather is where reported speech gets used constantly, because you are almost always relaying a forecast rather than making a claim.

明日あしたれるそうです。 — Apparently it'll be clear tomorrow. (polite — I heard this) あめりそうです。 — It looks like it's going to rain. (polite — I can see the sky)

Those two look almost identical and mean different things. るそうです is "I heard it will rain"; りそうです is "it looks like rain." The difference is which form of the verb そう attaches to, and it is covered properly in そうです has two meanings.

Weather as an opener

いい天気てんきですね。 — Lovely weather, isn't it. (polite — the default pleasant opener) すごいあめですね。 — What awful rain. (polite — sharing a small misfortune)

The ね is doing the real work in all of these. It invites agreement, which is the point: weather small talk in Japanese is a way of establishing that you and the other person are on the same side of something. A weather remark without ね sounds like a report rather than an opening.

The seasonal words worth having

Japan talks about seasons more than most countries, and a few words punch above their weight.

  • 梅雨つゆ (つゆ) — the rainy season, roughly June. Not just "the rainy time" — a named period everyone plans around.
  • 台風たいふう (たいふう) — typhoon, late summer into autumn. Announcements use 〜ごう to number them: 台風たいふうじゅうごう.
  • 花見はなみ (はなみ) — cherry blossom viewing. Weather forecasts genuinely report blossom progress.
  • 紅葉こうよう (こうよう) — autumn leaves, and the forecasts track this too.

Bringing up 梅雨つゆ or 紅葉こうよう in season marks you as someone paying attention to the place you are in, which is worth more than the words themselves.

Common mistakes

  • Using あたたかい for uncomfortable heat. あたたかい is a compliment. In August you want あつい.
  • Writing あつい for the weather. あつい is for objects. The weather is あつい.
  • Looking for a verb meaning "to rain." There isn't one. あめる — rain falls.
  • Saying あめっています when you mean tomorrow. ている is happening now. For a forecast, るそうです or るでしょう.
  • Dropping the ね in small talk. あついです is a statement; あついですね is an opener. The particle is the whole social move.
  • Using すずしい for cold. すずしい is pleasant. If you are shivering, it is さむい.

Which word do I want?

Situation Word Example
Unpleasantly hot air あつ 今日きょうあついですね
Pleasantly warm air あたたかい あたたかくなりましたね
Pleasantly cool air すずしい あさすずしいです
Unpleasantly cold air さむ 今日きょうさむいです
A hot object or drink あつ このおちゃあついです
Hot and humid 蒸し暑むしあつ 蒸し暑むしあついですね
It is raining now あめっています そとあめっています
It will apparently rain あめるそうです 明日あしたあめるそうです
It looks like rain あめりそうです そらて — りそうです

Practice

Questions 1 and 2 are the pair: two temperature words for the same thermometer reading.

1. It is 32°C and unbearable. Make small talk, politely.

Show answer

今日きょうあついですね。あつい for heat you would rather not have. The ね is what makes it small talk.

2. It is a lovely 22°C in spring. Make small talk, politely.

Show answer

今日きょうあたたかいですね。あたたかい is warmth you are glad about. Using it in August would sound sarcastic.

3. Say "this tea is hot," politely.

Show answer

このおちゃあついです。あつい for objects. あつい would say the tea is experiencing hot weather.

4. Say "it's raining," politely.

Show answer

あめっています。 — There is no verb "to rain." Rain is a noun and it falls, with が.

5. Relay a forecast: apparently it'll be clear tomorrow.

Show answer

明日あしたれるそうです。 — Plain form + そうです is "I heard." This is the forecast version.

6. Look at the sky and say it looks like rain.

Show answer

あめりそうです。 — Verb stem + そうです is "it looks like." One syllable apart from question 5, different meaning.

7. Complain about the humidity in a Tokyo summer.

Show answer

蒸し暑むしあついですね。 — Or 湿気しっけがすごいですね. Both are close to a social ritual between June and September.

8. Say the morning is pleasantly cool.

Show answer

あさすずしいです。すずしい is a good thing. If you are shivering, the word is さむい.

9. Fix this: 今日きょうあついですね。(about the weather)

Show answer

今日きょうあついですね。あつい is for objects. They sound identical out loud, which is why this only shows up in writing.

10. Fix this: 今日きょうあついです。(said as an opener to a shop assistant)

Show answer

今日きょうあついですね。 — Without ね it is a weather report. With ね it is an invitation to agree, which is what small talk is for.

FAQ

Is weather small talk really that common in Japan? Yes, and it is less filler than it is in English. あついですね to a stranger is a complete, expected social act, and saying nothing where it is expected is the odder choice.

How do I say "what's the weather like?" 天気てんきはどうですか for right now, or 明日あした天気てんきはどうですか for tomorrow. For the forecast specifically, 天気予報てんきよほうなんってましたか ("what did the forecast say?").

What is 梅雨つゆ exactly? A named rainy season, roughly June into July across most of the country. It is announced, tracked and planned around, so it functions more like a season than a stretch of bad weather.

Why do typhoons have numbers instead of names? Japanese reporting numbers them by order of formation in the year: 台風たいふうじゅうごう is the tenth of the season. International names exist too, but the number is what you will hear on the news.

Is あたたかい only about weather? No — it also describes warm-hearted people and warm colours, exactly like English. あたたかいひと is a kind person. あつひと is a passionate one, which is a different compliment entirely.

How do I say "it's getting warmer"? あたたかくなってきました. The 〜くなる pattern plus てくる gives you "has been getting," which is the natural way to describe a season turning.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

暑い	あつい — hot (weather)
熱い	あつい — hot (object)
暖かい	あたたかい — warm
涼しい	すずしい — cool
寒い	さむい — cold
蒸し暑い	むしあつい — hot and humid
天気	てんき — weather
天気予報	てんきよほう — weather forecast
晴れ	はれ — clear, sunny
曇り	くもり — cloudy
雨	あめ — rain
雪	ゆき — snow
風	かぜ — wind
台風	たいふう — typhoon
梅雨	つゆ — the rainy season
湿気	しっけ — humidity
降る	ふる — to fall (rain, snow)
紅葉	こうよう — autumn leaves

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. あつい and あたたかい is the pair that surprises people most, because it shows that a Japanese adjective can carry the speaker's opinion inside it — which turns out to be true of a lot more of the language than just weather.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5

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