LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Talking to real people · Sep 17, 2026

どれくらいかかりますか: how to ask "how long does it take" in Japanese

どれくらいかかりますか is the sentence you want: "how much does it take?" The verb かかる means something is consumed — time or money — and the same question shape works for both, so 東京とうきょうまでどれくらいかかりますか can mean either "how long to Tokyo" or "how much to Tokyo" depending on what you are standing in front of.

This is one of the highest-value questions a beginner can learn, because it is the question you need at exactly the moments you cannot improvise: a station, a counter, a taxi, a doctor's waiting room. It is also a good first look at a verb that does not behave the way English speakers expect.

The basics

What does かかる actually mean?

かかる is not "to take" in the English sense of a person taking something. It describes a cost being incurred — time draining away, money being spent — with the thing consumed as the subject.

So in Japanese, time does the verb. You do not take thirty minutes; thirty minutes happens to the trip.

三十さんじゅうかかります。 — It takes thirty minutes. (neutral, polite) きんがかかりますよ。 — It costs money, you know. (polite, the よ warns the listener)

That framing matters for one reason: it explains why the particle is が and not を. 時間じかんかかる, not 時間じかんかかる. The time is the subject, not the object.

How do you build the question?

Front-load the route or the task, then ask どれくらいかかりますか.

えきまでどれくらいかかりますか。 — How long does it take to the station? (polite, asking a stranger) 修理しゅうりにどれくらいかかりますか。 — How long will the repair take? (polite, at a shop counter)

The pieces are:

  • まで — "as far as," marks the destination
  • — marks the activity or purpose the time is spent on
  • どれくらい — "how much / how many," the question word
  • かかりますか — the polite question form of かかる

どれくらい and どのくらい are the same word with the same meaning; you will hear both, and neither is more correct. Some speakers feel どのくらい is a touch softer, but nobody will notice which one you picked.

How do you answer one?

With a number and a counter, plus くらい if you want to hedge — and in real life almost everyone hedges.

十五じゅうごくらいです。 — About fifteen minutes. (polite, the standard answer) 二時間にじかんはんかかりました。 — It took two and a half hours. (polite, past — reporting what happened)

Notice that the answer often drops かかる entirely. 十五じゅうごくらいです is a complete, natural reply. The verb was in the question; you do not have to repeat it. If your counters are shaky, that is the real bottleneck here — the counter system decides whether your answer is understandable, not the grammar of かかる.

Beyond the basics

時間じかんがかかる vs 時間じかんをかける — the pair that flips responsibility

These two look almost identical and mean opposite things about who is in control.

  • 時間じかんがかかる — it takes time (nobody chose this; it just does)
  • 時間じかんをかける — to spend time on something deliberately

この料理りょうり時間じかんがかかります。 — This dish takes a long time. (polite, a fact about the dish) この料理りょうりには時間じかんをかけたいです。 — I want to take my time with this dish. (polite, a choice you are making)

This is the transitive/intransitive pair pattern showing up again, and Japanese leans hard on the intransitive version. Saying 時間じかんがかかってすみません ("sorry it is taking a while") is the normal apology at a counter — it puts the delay on the situation rather than on a person, which is exactly the register Japanese prefers.

The money version is the same sentence

Because かかる covers any resource being consumed, you do not need a different verb for price.

いくらかかりますか。 — How much does it cost? (polite — いくら instead of どれくらい) 送料そうりょうもかかりますか。 — Does shipping cost extra too? (polite, the も means "on top of what we discussed")

いくら is the specifically-money question word, so いくらかかりますか is unambiguous. どれくらいかかりますか is the one that depends on context — at a train station it will be heard as time, at a repair counter it could be either, and people will often clarify by answering both.

How does it shrink in real speech?

The polite ending is the first casualty, and どれくらい gets shortened.

どれくらいかかる? — How long does it take? (casual, friends) どんくらい? — How long? (very casual, spoken — the verb is dropped entirely)

どんくらい is a spoken contraction of どのくらい. You will hear it constantly in anime and in real conversation, and almost never see it written outside of dialogue. Recognizing it is more useful than producing it.

What if you want to ask about a specific unit?

Swap どれくらい for the question word that matches the unit you care about. This gets you a more precise answer.

何分なんぷんかかりますか。 — How many minutes does it take? (polite, you expect a short answer) 何日なんにちかかりますか。 — How many days will it take? (polite, you expect a multi-day answer)

Choosing the unit is a soft signal about your expectations. Asking 何日なんにちかかりますか about a ten-minute errand sounds faintly sarcastic, in the same way "how many weeks will this take?" does in English.

The 〜のに version, for asking about a task

When the thing consuming time is an action rather than a destination, attach 〜のに to the plain form.

日本語にほんごおぼえるのにどれくらいかかりましたか。 — How long did it take you to learn Japanese? (polite, past — asking about someone's experience)

This is the shape you need for the question learners most want to ask each other. のに here is not the "even though" のに — it is の (nominalizer) plus に (purpose), literally "for the act of."

Common mistakes

  • Using を instead of が. 時間じかんをかかります is ungrammatical. The time is the subject: 時間じかんかかります. The を version only exists with かける, the deliberate one.
  • Saying どれくらい時間じかんですか. This is not a sentence. The question word attaches to the verb, not to the noun — どれくらいかかりますか.
  • Translating "it takes me thirty minutes" with a わたしは subject. わたし三十さんじゅうかかります is understandable but unnatural; Japanese normally leaves the person out entirely and says 三十さんじゅうかかります, with context supplying who.
  • Using かかる for effort in general. 大変たいへん or つかれる cover "it is hard work." かかる is specifically about time or money being consumed, not about difficulty.
  • Forgetting that the answer is usually past tense. If you are reporting a completed trip, it is かかりました, not かかります. Learners often freeze the verb in the present because that is the form they memorized.

Which question word do I use?

You want to know Question word Example
Duration, unspecified どれくらい / どのくらい えきまでどれくらいかかりますか
Duration, in minutes 何分なんぷん 何分なんぷんかかりますか
Duration, in days 何日なんにち 何日なんにちかかりますか
Cost, in money いくら いくらかかりますか
A finishing time, not a duration 何時なんじ 何時なんじわりますか

That last row is the one worth memorizing as a contrast: 何時なんじ asks when, not how long. See telling time in Japanese for the readings that break.

Practice

Say each answer out loud before you open it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair — the same sentence with が and を, and the meaning flips.

1. Ask politely how long it takes to get to the airport (空港くうこう).

Show answer

空港くうこうまでどれくらいかかりますか。 — まで marks the destination, and the question word attaches to the verb, not to a noun.

2. Answer: about forty minutes.

Show answer

四十しじゅうくらいです。 — くらい hedges the number, and かかる can be dropped because the question already supplied it.

3. Say "this work takes time" — as a fact about the work.

Show answer

この仕事しごと時間じかんがかかります。 — が, because the time is the subject. Nobody chose this.

4. Now say "I want to take my time over this work" — as a choice.

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この仕事しごとには時間じかんをかけたいです。 — かける with を is the deliberate version. Same two nouns, opposite responsibility.

5. Ask politely how much the repair costs.

Show answer

修理しゅうりはいくらかかりますか。 — いくら is the money-specific question word, so there is no ambiguity.

6. Report that yesterday's trip took three hours.

Show answer

三時さんじあいだかかりました。 — Past tense. A completed trip is かかりました, not かかります.

7. Ask a friend casually how long it takes.

Show answer

どれくらいかかる? — Drop ますか for the plain form, and let rising intonation carry the question.

8. Ask politely how long it took someone to learn Japanese.

Show answer

日本語にほんごおぼえるのにどれくらいかかりましたか。 — のに attaches to the plain form when the time is spent on an action rather than a route.

9. Apologize at a counter for the wait, without blaming anyone.

Show answer

時間じかんがかかってすみません。 — The intransitive かかる puts the delay on the situation. This is the standard service-counter apology.

10. Ask whether shipping costs extra as well.

Show answer

送料そうりょうもかかりますか。 — も means "on top of what we already discussed," which is exactly the nuance you want here.

FAQ

Is どれくらい or どのくらい more correct? Neither. They are the same word and both are standard. どのくらい can feel marginally more formal in writing, but in speech they are interchangeable and nobody tracks which one you used.

Can I just say 時間じかんはどれくらいですか? It is understandable, but it sounds like you are asking about time as a topic rather than about duration. どれくらいかかりますか is the natural sentence, and it is no harder to say.

Why is it が and not を? Because かかる is intransitive — the time is what does the verb. The transitive partner かける does take を, but it means deliberately spending time, which is a different sentence.

How do I ask "how far," not "how long"? どれくらいの距離きょりですか, or more commonly なにキロですか. かかる is about consumption, so it will always be read as time or money, never as distance.

Does かかる work for "it takes effort"? Not directly. 手間てまがかかる ("it takes trouble/effort") is a set phrase that works, but for general difficulty you want 大変たいへんです. かかる needs a countable resource attached to it.

What is the difference between かかる and る? る means "to be needed" and is about requirement — パスポートがります, "you need a passport." かかる is about something being consumed by the process. A trip る nothing and かかる thirty minutes.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

かかる	かかる — to take (time), to cost (money)
かける	かける — to spend (time) on purpose
時間	じかん — time
どれくらい	どれくらい — how much, how long
いくら	いくら — how much (money)
何分	なんぷん — how many minutes
何日	なんにち — how many days
駅	えき — station
空港	くうこう — airport
修理	しゅうり — repair
送料	そうりょう — shipping cost
距離	きょり — distance
覚える	おぼえる — to learn, to memorize
終わる	おわる — to end, to finish
手間	てま — trouble, effort
要る	いる — to be needed
半	はん — half (as in 二時間半)
くらい	くらい — about, approximately

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. The が/を swap in this one comes up in lessons constantly — students who have never seen an intransitive verb pair before meet their first one here, usually while trying to apologize for being late.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

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