LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Green in Japanese: 緑みどり (みどり), 緑色みどりいろ, 緑茶りょくちゃ, グリーン車くるま, and みどりの日ひ

"Green" in Japanese is 緑みどり (みどり). Unlike 赤あかい or 青あおい, there is no adjective 緑みどりい, so you say 緑みどりの or 緑色みどりいろの (みどりいろの) before a noun, and 緑みどりです at the end of a sentence. Green tea is 緑茶りょくちゃ (りょくちゃ), yellow-green is 黄緑きみどり (きみどり), and a first-class train car is a グリーン車くるま, a "green car". Some green things, like traffic lights, are called 青あお (あお), "blue".

For a long time 青あお covered both blue and green, and 緑みどり is traditionally explained as originally referring to fresh new shoots. Today 緑みどり is the normal word for green, but the old overlap survives in a few fixed words. For which colors take い and which do not, see Japanese colors.

How do you say "green" in Japanese?

How do you use 緑みどり before a noun?

緑みどり (みどり) is a noun only. Before another noun, use 緑みどりの or 緑色みどりいろの.

緑みどりのシャツを買かった。 — I bought a green shirt. (casual) 緑色みどりいろのペンを貸かして。 — Lend me a green pen. (casual)

Is there a difference between 緑みどりの and 緑色みどりいろの? Only a small one. Both are natural in everyday speech. 緑色みどりいろの names the color more explicitly, so you often see it in descriptions and labels. You cannot swap in 青あおい to get the same meaning: 青あおいシャツ is a blue shirt.

How do you say "it is green" at the end of a sentence?

Put 緑みどり before です: このシャツは緑みどりです. You do not add な or い. 緑みどりなシャツ and 緑みどりいシャツ are both wrong.

このかばんは緑みどりです。 — This bag is green. (polite) あの車くるまは緑色みどりいろだ。 — That car is green. (casual)

Is グリーン also a color word?

Yes. グリーン (green) is the katakana loanword. It is common for clothes, products, and brand colors, as in グリーンのセーター (a green sweater). Both 緑みどり and グリーン are natural in everyday speech; グリーン is especially common on products and in shops.

グリーンのセーターを探さがしています。 — I'm looking for a green sweater. (polite)

When is green called 青あお?

Older Japanese used 青あお for both blue and green, so some green things keep the name 青あお: a green traffic light is 青信号あおしんごう, a green-skinned apple is 青あおリンゴ, and fresh green leaves are 青葉あおば.

青あおになったら渡わたろう。 — Let's cross when it turns green. (casual)

People shorten 青信号あおしんごう to 青あお when they talk about the light, as in 青あおになった ("it turned green"). On the history: 青信号あおしんごう is the name that took hold among the public, and the official name in the law was changed to 青あお in 1947 (Japan Traffic Management Technology Association, listed in Sources). 青あおリンゴ is simply the usual name for an apple with a green skin. It does not always mean the apple is unripe.

The same habit shows up in food. Leafy vegetables are 青菜あおな (あおな), green shiso is 青あおじそ (あおじそ), and a drink made from green vegetables is 青汁あおじる (あおじる). All of them are green, and all of them use 青あお.

The proverb about the neighbor's grass also says 青あおい: see 隣となりの芝生しばふは青あおい.

What does 緑みどりが多おおい mean?

緑みどり also means greenery: plants, trees and parks. 緑みどりが多おおい means "leafy" or "full of greenery", and 緑みどりが少すくない means there are few plants.

この町まちは緑みどりが多おおくて気持きもちいい。 — This town is full of greenery and feels great. (casual) 駅えきの近ちかくは緑みどりが少すくない。 — There is little greenery near the station. (casual)

Here is a quick summary of the 緑みどり and 青あお split:

Meaning Word Reading
green (color) 緑みどり みどり
greenery, plants 緑みどり みどり
green traffic light 青信号あおしんごう あおしんごう
green-skinned apple 青あおリンゴ あおリンゴ
leafy vegetables 青菜あおな あおな

What other green words are there?

What are 緑茶りょくちゃ and 抹茶まっちゃ?

緑茶りょくちゃ (りょくちゃ) is green tea in general. 抹茶まっちゃ (まっちゃ) is a green tea made by grinding tencha leaves into fine powder, used in the tea ceremony and in sweets. Note the reading りょく in 緑茶りょくちゃ. (On matcha: ITO EN's customer FAQ, listed in Sources.)

Both 緑茶りょくちゃをください and お茶ちゃをください are natural. 緑茶りょくちゃ says exactly which kind you want, so it works when a menu lists several teas. When a restaurant just serves its house tea, people say お茶ちゃ. Which tea comes out depends on the shop. It may be 煎茶せんちゃ, ほうじ茶ちゃ, or 麦茶むぎちゃ, so ask if it matters.

緑茶りょくちゃをください。 — Green tea, please. (polite) 温あたたかいお茶ちゃをください。 — Hot tea, please. (polite) 抹茶まっちゃアイスが好すき。 — I like matcha ice cream. (casual)

What are 黄緑きみどり and 深緑しんりょく?

黄緑きみどり (きみどり) is yellow-green, and 深緑しんりょく (ふかみどり) is deep green. English lime green is close to 黄緑きみどり but not an exact match.

黄緑きみどりのTシャツ。 — A yellow-green T-shirt. (noun phrase)

What is グリーン車くるま?

グリーン車くるま (グリーンしゃ) is the "green car", the first-class carriage on JR trains and the shinkansen. It costs extra. JR Central's English site also calls it first class.

新幹線しんかんせんのグリーン車くるまに乗のった。 — I rode in the green car on the shinkansen. (casual)

The name does not mean the car body is green. It is a name for a class of seat, like "business class" on a plane.

How do learners say it in real conversation?

When the choices are right in front of you, you can drop the noun and use の to mean "the one":

A: どれがいい? B: 緑みどりのがいい。 — A: Which one do you want? B: The green one. (casual)

Beyond the basics

What is みどりの日ひ?

みどりの日ひ (みどりのひ), Greenery Day, is a national holiday on May 4 (5月がつ4日か, ごがつよっか). It is a day to be close to nature. (Source: Cabinet Office holiday page.)

みどりの日ひは公園こうえんに行いった。 — I went to the park on Greenery Day. (casual)

Is 緑みどり a name?

Yes. みどり is a given name, written 緑みどり, みどり or 翠すい. The kanji 翠すい also appears in 翡翠ひすい (ひすい), jade, a gemstone often associated with green. Jade also comes in white, lavender, and other colors, according to the Japan Itoigawa Jade Association.

What do you say for a "green" beginner?

English "green" (inexperienced) is not 緑みどり in Japanese. Use 未熟みじゅく (みじゅく, "not yet fully skilled") or 経験けいけんが浅あさい (けいけんがあさい, "have little experience"). There is also 青二才あおにさい (あおにさい), which uses 青あお, but it is a word to recognize, not to use.

まだ未熟みじゅくですが、頑張がんばります。 — I'm still inexperienced, but I'll do my best. (polite)

未熟みじゅく describes a state (技術ぎじゅつが未熟みじゅくだ, "The skills are not yet fully developed"). It is not the word for a "beginner", which is 初心者しょしんしゃ (しょしんしゃ). 青二才あおにさい mocks an inexperienced young man, so do not use it about other people. Beginners are safest with 未熟みじゅくです.

Common mistakes

  • Saying 緑みどりい or 緑みどりなシャツ. Use 緑みどりの, 緑色みどりいろの, or 緑みどりです.
  • Calling a green traffic light 緑みどり信号しんごう. It is 青信号あおしんごう.
  • Reading 緑茶りょくちゃ as みどりちゃ. It is りょくちゃ.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it.

1. Say "I want a green notebook."

Show answer

緑みどりのノートがほしい。 — 緑みどりの + noun.

2. Say "This notebook is green."

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このノートは緑みどりです。 — 緑みどり + です, with no い.

3. Say "The light turned green." (the light = 信号しんごう)

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信号しんごうが青あおに変かわった。 — the light is 青あお. 変かわった (かわった) means "changed".

4. Say "There is little greenery around here."

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この辺へんは緑みどりが少すくない。 — 緑みどり as greenery.

5. At a restaurant, ask for a cold tea.

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冷つめたいお茶ちゃをください。 — 冷つめたい is つめたい. お茶ちゃ is the natural word when you just want the house tea.

6. At a café, ask for a matcha latte.

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抹茶まっちゃラテをください。 — 抹茶まっちゃ + another drink name.

7. In a shop, ask whether they have the yellow-green one of this bag.

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このかばん、黄緑色おうりょくしょくはありますか。 — 黄緑色おうりょくしょく (きみどりいろ) means "yellow-green".

8. At the ticket counter, ask whether the green car costs extra.

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グリーン車くるまは別料金べつりょうきんですか。 — 別料金べつりょうきん is べつりょうきん.

9. Say "This park is full of greenery."

Show answer

この公園こうえんは緑みどりが多おおい。 — 緑みどり as greenery; 公園こうえん is こうえん.

10. Fix: 緑みどりい靴下くつした。

Show answer

緑みどりの靴下くつした。 — or 緑色みどりいろの靴下くつした. 靴下くつした is くつした, a noun, so it needs の.

FAQ

Can I say 緑みどりのをください for "the green one, please"? Yes: 緑みどりのをください means "the green one, please". The の stands in for the noun you already mentioned.

Is 抹茶まっちゃ a kind of 緑茶りょくちゃ? Yes, 抹茶まっちゃ is one kind of green tea. For an ordinary cup, ask for お茶ちゃ or 緑茶りょくちゃ.

Can I say 黄緑色おうりょくしょく as well as 黄緑きみどり? Yes. 黄緑きみどりのTシャツ and 黄緑色おうりょくしょくのTシャツ both work, like 緑みどりの and 緑色みどりいろの.

Is グリーン more polite than 緑みどり? No. It is not about politeness. グリーン is the loanword you see on products, and 緑みどり is the plain word.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

緑	みどり — green; greenery
緑色	みどりいろ — green color
緑が多い	みどりがおおい — leafy; full of greenery
緑茶	りょくちゃ — green tea
抹茶	まっちゃ — matcha (ground tencha green tea)
黄緑	きみどり — yellow-green
深緑	ふかみどり — deep green
グリーン	グリーン — green (loanword)
グリーン車	グリーンしゃ — first-class car
青信号	あおしんごう — green light
青リンゴ	あおリンゴ — green apple
青菜	あおな — leafy greens
青汁	あおじる — green vegetable drink
未熟	みじゅく — inexperienced
初心者	しょしんしゃ — beginner
別料金	べつりょうきん — extra charge

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: Japan Traffic Management Technology Association (青信号あおしんごう and the 1947 change, tmt.or.jp/research/pdf/nandoku-j.pdf); ITO EN customer FAQ (抹茶まっちゃ); Japan Itoigawa Jade Association Q&A (翡翠ひすい); Cabinet Office, holiday page (みどりの日ひ); JR Central English ticket page (first-class Green Car); Kanjipedia (青二才あおにさい).

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

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