LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Future in Japanese: 未来みらい (みらい) vs 将来しょうらい (しょうらい), 今後こんご, and これから

"Future" in Japanese is either 未来みらい (みらい) or 将来しょうらい (しょうらい). 未来みらい is the big, open future of the world, science fiction and humanity. 将来しょうらい is your own future: career, family, plans. "What do you want to be in the future?" is 将来しょうらい、何なにになりたい?, not 未来みらい. For "from now on", use これから or, at work, 今後こんご (こんご).

This is one of the most common mix-ups for learners, because English uses one word for both. The rule of thumb is distance and ownership: 未来みらい is far away and belongs to everyone, 将来しょうらい is closer and belongs to a person. Japanese also has no separate future tense, which changes how you talk about tomorrow. This post covers both words, the everyday alternatives, and the grammar.

How do you say "future" in Japanese?

What does 未来みらい mean?

未来みらい (みらい) is the future as an open, distant time: the future of the world, technology or humanity. 未み means "not yet" and 来らい means "come": "not yet come".

未来みらいの世界せかいはどうなるんだろう。 — I wonder what the world of the future will be like. (casual) 未来みらいから来きたロボット。 — A robot from the future. (noun phrase, sci-fi)

What does 将来しょうらい mean?

将来しょうらい (しょうらい) is someone's future: their career, life and plans.

将来しょうらい、先生せんせいになりたい。 — I want to become a teacher in the future. (casual) 将来しょうらいのことが心配しんぱいです。 — I'm worried about my future. (polite)

将来しょうらいの夢ゆめ (しょうらいのゆめ), "dream for the future", is what children write in school essays. For more, see dream in Japanese.

How do you choose between 未来みらい and 将来しょうらい?

Ask: is it about a person's life? Then 将来しょうらい. Is it about the world or a far, open future? Then 未来みらい.

Phrase Natural? Why
将来しょうらいの夢ゆめ yes a person's dream
未来みらいの夢ゆめ odd sounds like a dream from the future
未来みらいの車くるま yes technology of the future
将来しょうらい、医者いしゃになる yes personal career
地球ちきゅうの未来みらい yes the world's future

What other "future" words are there?

What do これから and 今後こんご mean?

これから means "from now on" or "from here", casual and everyday. 今後こんご (こんご) means the same but sounds formal and businesslike.

これから頑張がんばる! — I'll do my best from now on! (casual) 今後こんごともよろしくお願ねがいいたします。 — I look forward to working with you going forward. (very polite, email)

今後こんごともよろしく is a standard closing line in business emails.

What does 近ちかい将来しょうらい mean?

近ちかい将来しょうらい (ちかいしょうらい) is "in the near future". 遠とおい未来みらい (とおいみらい) is "the distant future".

近ちかい将来しょうらい、日本にほんに住すみたい。 — I want to live in Japan in the near future. (casual)

What does 先さき mean?

先さき (さき) can mean "ahead" in time. 先さきのこと is "things in the future", and 先さきが見みえない is "I can't see what's ahead".

先さきのことはわからない。 — No one knows what's ahead. (casual)

Beyond the basics

Does Japanese have a future tense?

No. The dictionary or ます form covers both present and future: 明日あした行いきます is "I'll go tomorrow". Time words make the future clear.

明日あした、東京とうきょうに行いきます。 — I'll go to Tokyo tomorrow. (polite)

How do you talk about plans?

Use つもり for intentions and 予定よてい for scheduled plans: 行いくつもり ("I intend to go"), 行いく予定よてい ("I'm scheduled to go"). For the difference, see plan in Japanese.

来年らいねん、留学りゅうがくするつもりです。 — I'm planning to study abroad next year. (polite)

What does 未来形みらいけい mean?

未来形みらいけい (みらいけい) is "future tense" as a grammar term. You will see it in textbooks explaining that Japanese does not really have one.

Common mistakes

  • Saying 未来みらいの夢ゆめ for "dream for the future". It is 将来しょうらいの夢ゆめ.
  • Saying 将来しょうらいの世界せかい for sci-fi. The world of the future is 未来みらいの世界せかい.
  • Using 今後こんご with friends. It sounds like a business email; say これから.
  • Looking for a future verb ending. Use the normal form plus a time word.
  • Reading 将来しょうらい as しょらい. It is しょうらい.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: a person's future versus the world's future.

1. Say "I want to become a teacher in the future."

Show answer

将来しょうらい、先生せんせいになりたい。 — 将来しょうらい for a career.

2. Say politely, "I'm worried about my future."

Show answer

将来しょうらいのことが心配しんぱいです。 — 将来しょうらいのこと.

3. What is a child's "dream for the future" called?

Show answer

将来しょうらいの夢ゆめ — a person's dream.

4. Say "I wonder what the world of the future will be like."

Show answer

未来みらいの世界せかいはどうなるんだろう。 — 未来みらい for the world. This is the pair to question 3.

5. Declare casually, "I'll do my best from now on!"

Show answer

これから頑張がんばる! — これから.

6. End a business email: "I look forward to working with you going forward."

Show answer

今後こんごともよろしくお願ねがいいたします。 — 今後こんご.

7. Say "I want to live in Japan in the near future."

Show answer

近ちかい将来しょうらい、日本にほんに住すみたい。 — 近ちかい将来しょうらい.

8. Say "No one knows what's ahead."

Show answer

先さきのことはわからない。 — 先さき.

9. Say politely, "I'll go to Tokyo tomorrow."

Show answer

明日あした、東京とうきょうに行いきます。 — no future tense needed.

10. Fix: 未来みらいの夢ゆめは医者いしゃです。

Show answer

将来しょうらいの夢ゆめは医者いしゃです。 — a personal dream takes 将来しょうらい.

FAQ

How do you say "future" in Japanese? 未来みらい (みらい) or 将来しょうらい (しょうらい).

What is the difference between 未来みらい and 将来しょうらい? 未来みらい is the world's open future; 将来しょうらい is a person's future.

How do you say "in the future"? 将来しょうらい for your life, 未来みらい for the world.

How do you say "from now on"? これから (casual) or 今後こんご (formal).

Does Japanese have a future tense? No. The normal form plus a time word expresses the future.

What is 将来しょうらいの夢ゆめ? Your dream for the future, often a career.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

未来	みらい — the future (world)
将来	しょうらい — the future (personal)
将来の夢	しょうらいのゆめ — dream for the future
これから	これから — from now on
今後	こんご — from now on (formal)
近い将来	ちかいしょうらい — near future
先	さき — ahead
つもり	つもり — intention
予定	よてい — plan, schedule
留学	りゅうがく — studying abroad
未来形	みらいけい — future tense

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 将来しょうらい versus 未来みらい is one of the corrections I make most often in self-introductions, usually when a learner talks about their dream job using 未来みらい. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

More “Grammar, One Piece at a Time” articles →

Want to try this in a real conversation?

30-minute trial lesson, $13. Times shown in your own timezone.

Practice it out loud with a Tokyo native. ★5.0 from 358 italki reviews.

See how the lessons work →

Book a trial lesson · $13