LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Free time in Japanese: 暇ひま (ひま), 空あき時間じかん, 暇ひまつぶし, and 手てが空あく

"Free time" or "spare time" in Japanese is 暇ひま (ひま), or more politely 時間じかんがある, "to have time". "In my free time" is 暇ひまな時とき (ひまなとき). A short gap between plans is 空あき時間じかん (あきじかん), and killing time is 暇ひまつぶし (ひまつぶし). To ask a friend if they are free, say 今いま、暇ひま? or, more politely, お時間じかんありますか?

Spare time vocabulary sounds simple, but 暇ひま carries a small trap: it can sound like "bored" or "with nothing to do", which is not always how you want to describe yourself or someone else. Japanese has neutral and polite alternatives for exactly that reason. This post covers which word to use for your own free time, someone else's, and for the gaps in a busy day.

How do you say "free time" in Japanese?

What does 暇ひま mean?

暇ひま (ひま) is free time, or being free with nothing to do. It is a noun and a な-adjective.

今日きょうは暇ひまだ。 — I'm free today. (casual) 暇ひまな時ときに何なにをしますか? — What do you do in your free time? (polite)

暇ひまな時とき is the classic phrase for "in your spare time", used in self-introductions.

Is 暇ひま rude?

It can be. 暇ひま can sound like "idle" or "nothing better to do", so saying someone else is 暇ひま can be rude. For others, use 時間じかんがある.

お時間じかんありますか? — Do you have a moment? (polite) 今いま、暇ひま? — Are you free right now? (casual, between friends)

For the opposite, see busy in Japanese.

What is 空あき時間じかん?

空あき時間じかん (あきじかん) is a gap in your schedule: free time between other plans.

空あき時間じかんに本ほんを読よむ。 — I read in my spare moments. (casual) 三時さんじから空あいてるよ。 — I'm free from three. (casual)

空あいている (あいている), "to be open", is a natural way to say your time is free.

What other free-time words are there?

What is 暇ひまつぶし?

暇ひまつぶし (ひまつぶし), "crushing free time", is killing time: something you do just to pass the time.

電車でんしゃで暇ひまつぶしにゲームをする。 — I play games on the train to kill time. (casual)

What do 自由時間じゆうじかん and 余暇よか mean?

自由時間じゆうじかん (じゆうじかん) is free time in a schedule, like on a tour or at school. 余暇よか (よか) is leisure time, a formal word used in surveys and articles.

午後ごごは自由時間じゆうじかんです。 — The afternoon is free time. (polite, a schedule) 余暇よかの過ごし方すごしかた。 — How to spend your leisure time. (formal, a title)

What does 手てが空あく mean?

手てが空あく (てがあく), "hands become free", means you have a moment between tasks, especially at work.

手てが空あいたら手伝てつだって。 — Help me when you have a moment. (casual, at work)

Word Reading Meaning Use for
暇ひま ひま free, idle your own time, friends
時間じかんがある じかんがある to have time polite, others
空あき時間じかん あきじかん gap in schedule between plans
暇ひまつぶし ひまつぶし killing time pastimes
自由時間じゆうじかん じゆうじかん free time schedules, tours
余暇よか よか leisure formal
手てが空あく てがあく to have a free moment work

Beyond the basics

How do you talk about weekends and days off?

休やすみの日ひ (やすみのひ) is a day off. 休やすみの日ひは何なにしてる? is the casual "What do you do on your days off?" For more weekend phrases, see weekend in Japanese.

休やすみの日ひは家いえでゆっくりしてる。 — On my days off I take it easy at home. (casual)

What does 暇ひますぎる mean?

暇ひますぎる means "so bored" or "way too much free time". It is a common complaint, especially on social media.

暇ひますぎて死しにそう。 — I'm so bored I could die. (casual, exaggerated)

How do you say "when you have time"?

時間じかんがある時ときに or お時間じかんのある時ときに (polite) means "when you have time": a soft way to ask for something without pressure.

お時間じかんのある時ときに見みてください。 — Please take a look when you have time. (polite, email)

Common mistakes

  • Asking your boss 暇ひまですか? It can sound like "are you idle?"; ask お時間じかんありますか?.
  • Reading 空あき時間じかん as からじかん. It is あきじかん.
  • Using 余暇よか in casual talk. It sounds like a survey; use 暇ひまな時とき or 休やすみの日ひ.
  • Saying 自由時間じゆうじかん for your own evenings. It fits schedules; for yourself, 暇ひまな時とき is natural.
  • Thinking 暇ひまつぶし is negative. It is just a pastime.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: asking a friend versus asking politely.

1. Say casually, "I'm free today."

Show answer

今日きょうは暇ひまだ。 — 暇ひま.

2. Ask politely, "What do you do in your free time?"

Show answer

暇ひまな時ときに何なにをしますか? — 暇ひまな時とき.

3. Ask a friend casually if they're free right now.

Show answer

今いま、暇ひま? — fine between friends.

4. Ask a colleague politely if they have a moment.

Show answer

お時間じかんありますか? — polite. This is the pair to question 3.

5. Say "I read in my spare moments."

Show answer

空あき時間じかんに本ほんを読よむ。 — 空あき時間じかん.

6. Say "I play games on the train to kill time."

Show answer

電車でんしゃで暇ひまつぶしにゲームをする。 — 暇ひまつぶし.

7. Announce on a tour, "The afternoon is free time."

Show answer

午後ごごは自由時間じゆうじかんです。 — 自由時間じゆうじかん.

8. Ask a coworker to help you when they have a moment.

Show answer

手てが空あいたら手伝てつだって。 — 手てが空あく.

9. Write in an email, "Please take a look when you have time."

Show answer

お時間じかんのある時ときに見みてください。 — polite and pressure-free.

10. Complain casually that you're so bored you could die.

Show answer

暇ひますぎて死しにそう。 — 暇ひますぎる.

FAQ

How do you say "free time" in Japanese? 暇ひま (ひま), or 時間じかんがある.

How do you say "in my spare time"? 暇ひまな時とき.

How do you ask "Are you free?" 今いま、暇ひま? (casual) or お時間じかんありますか? (polite).

What does 暇ひまつぶし mean? Killing time.

Is 暇ひま rude? It can be when used about others; 時間じかんがある is safer.

What is 空あき時間じかん? A gap between plans.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

暇	ひま — free time, free
空き時間	あきじかん — gap in schedule
空いている	あいている — to be free, open
暇つぶし	ひまつぶし — killing time
自由時間	じゆうじかん — free time (in a schedule)
余暇	よか — leisure
手が空く	てがあく — to have a free moment
休みの日	やすみのひ — day off
手伝う	てつだう — to help
午後	ごご — afternoon

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 暇ひまな時とき is one of the first phrases learners use in self-introductions, and the switch to お時間じかんありますか? for teachers and coworkers is a small politeness upgrade that matters a lot. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

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