LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Sep 30, 2026

Busy in Japanese: 忙いそがしい, バタバタ, and why a busy shop is 混こんでいる

"Busy" is not one word in Japanese: 忙いそがしい (isogashii) is for a person who has too much to do, 混こんでいる (konde iru) is for a place full of people, and 話し中はなしちゅう (hanashichuu) is for a phone line that is taken.

Learners meet 忙いそがしい in the first weeks, use it for everything, and then get puzzled looks when they call a crowded café 忙いそがしい. English packs four or five ideas into one word. Japanese sorts them into separate boxes, and the sorting is the whole lesson.

The basics

How do you say "I'm busy" in Japanese?

Say 忙いそがしい (isogashii) in casual speech or 忙いそがしいです in polite speech. It is a plain i-adjective, so it conjugates the way every other i-adjective does.

今日きょうは忙いそがしいです。 — I'm busy today. (polite, neutral) 最近さいきんちょっと忙いそがしくて。 — I've been a bit busy lately. (casual-polite, て-form leaves the sentence open)

The word describes a person's schedule or workload. It does not describe how it feels to be busy right now in a physical way, and it is not used for objects or places in the "crowded" sense. If you are unsure whether a word is an i-adjective or a na-adjective, our guide to i-adjectives vs na-adjectives covers how to tell.

How do you say "I was busy" and "I'm not busy"?

Drop the final い and add the ending, like any i-adjective. Past is 忙いそがしかった, negative is 忙いそがしくない, and past negative is 忙いそがしくなかった. Add です for politeness in the non-past forms.

昨日きのうは忙いそがしかったです。 — I was busy yesterday. (polite past) 今週こんしゅうはあまり忙いそがしくないです。 — I'm not very busy this week. (polite negative) 先月せんげつは忙いそがしくなかったよ。 — I wasn't busy last month. (casual past negative)

A common slip is 忙いそがしいでした, which sounds natural to English ears but is not grammatical. The full pattern, with the polite traps, is in Japanese adjective past tense.

What if you want to say someone else looks busy?

Use 忙いそがしそう (isogashisou), "looks busy". This is the safe way to talk about another person, because you can see their behaviour but not their diary.

田中たなかさん、忙いそがしそうですね。 — Tanaka-san looks busy, doesn't he? (polite, an observation, often an opening line)

To a person above you, the polite respectful form is お忙いそがしい. You will hear it in the fixed opening お忙いそがしいところすみません ("sorry to bother you when you're busy"), which is how you begin nearly any request to a busy person.

Beyond the basics

What does バタバタしている mean?

バタバタ (batabata) is the sound of flapping or rushing about, and バタバタしている means "running around, hectic, in a flurry". It is more about the chaotic feeling than the amount of work. A person who has a lot to do but is calm is 忙いそがしい; a person who is dropping things and running between tasks is バタバタ.

朝あさはいつもバタバタしています。 — Mornings are always hectic. (polite, spoken) バタバタしていて、返事へんじが遅おくれました。 — It's been hectic, so my reply was late. (polite, an apology that names the reason)

Its more formal cousin is 慌あわただしい (awatadashii), an i-adjective meaning "hurried, bustling". You see it in writing and in business phrases about a hectic period, such as 慌あわただしい一日いちにち ("a rushed day"). In speech, バタバタ is far more common.

What does 手てが離はなせない mean?

手てが離はなせない (te ga hanasenai) literally means "I can't take my hands off it". It is the phrase for "I'm in the middle of something and can't stop right now". It is a moment-by-moment state, not a general schedule.

今いま、ちょっと手てが離はなせません。 — I can't step away right now. (polite, a customer or colleague calls to you) 手てが離はなせないから、あとでかけ直なおすね。 — I can't stop right now, so I'll call back later. (casual, phone call)

A cook with a pan on the stove, a shop assistant with a customer, or a parent holding a child can all say it. If you have three deadlines this month, that is 忙いそがしい; if you are elbow-deep in dishes when the phone rings, that is 手てが離はなせない.

What does 立たて込こんでいる mean?

立たて込こんでいる (tatekonde iru) means things are piled up and jammed together, usually appointments or jobs. It is a business word, and it is the polite way to say "I'm swamped" without sounding personal.

今週こんしゅうは仕事しごとが立たて込こんでいまして。 — Work is piled up this week. (polite, business, often used to turn down a request)

The subject is the work or the schedule, not the person. That makes it feel more objective than 忙いそがしい, which is why it is popular in emails and phone calls to clients.

Why is a busy shop 混こんでいる, not 忙いそがしい?

Because 忙いそがしい needs a person with things to do, while a busy place full of people is 混こんでいる (konde iru), "crowded". If you want to say a restaurant has a lot of customers, you say the restaurant is 混こんでいる, and if you want to say the staff are running around, you say the staff are 忙いそがしい.

この店みせはいつも混こんでいます。 — This shop is always busy. (polite, describes the crowd) 店員てんいんさんは忙いそがしそうでした。 — The staff looked busy. (polite, describes the people working) お昼ひるは混こんでいるから、早はやめに行いこう。 — It'll be crowded at lunch, so let's go early. (casual, plans)

Note the pairing. When a shop is 混こんでいる, the staff are usually 忙いそがしい as a result. English uses one word for both, so learners collapse them.

What do you say when a phone line is busy?

For a phone line, the word is 話し中はなしちゅう (hanashichuu), literally "in the middle of talking". It is also used for a person who is on another call.

電話でんわをかけたけど、ずっと話し中はなしちゅうだった。 — I called, but it was busy the whole time. (casual, past) ただいま、話し中はなしちゅうです。 — The line is busy right now. (polite, business)

A related word is 通話つうわ中なか (tsuuwachuu), common on signs and in recorded messages. In everyday speech, 話し中はなしちゅう is more natural.

How do people refuse with 忙いそがしい?

The word appears constantly in soft refusals, and the trick is that it is almost never finished. Japanese speakers rarely say "I'm busy so I can't". They say the reason and trail off.

すみません、ちょっと忙いそがしくて… — Sorry, I'm a bit busy... (polite, a soft no; the て-form and the trailing dots leave the refusal unsaid) その日ひはちょっと… — That day is a little... (trailing off, a no)

The word ちょっと here is not really "a little". It signals reluctance, and we look at that in what ちょっと really means. For the wider toolkit of polite refusals, see how to say no in Japanese.

In anime you will hear this pattern in school and workplace scenes: a character is invited somewhere, says 忙いそがしくて… with a pause, and the other character says 「あ、そっか」 ("ah, I see"), fully understanding the no. Learners who wait for the "no" miss it.

Which word covers which meaning of "busy"?

English "busy" meaning Japanese Used for Example
Lots to do (general) 忙いそがしい People, schedules, days 今日きょうは忙いそがしい
Hectic, in a flurry バタバタしている People, mornings, periods 朝あさはバタバタしている
Formal "hectic" 慌あわただしい Writing, business 慌あわただしい一日いちにち
In the middle of something 手てが離はなせない A moment, right now 今いまは手てが離はなせない
Piled up with jobs 立たて込こんでいる Work, appointments 仕事しごとが立たて込こんでいる
Full of people 混こんでいる Places, trains, shops この店みせは混こんでいる
Phone line taken 話し中はなしちゅう Phone calls ずっと話し中はなしちゅうだった

Common mistakes

  • Saying 忙いそがしい about a crowded place. この駅えきは忙いそがしいです sounds like the station itself has a lot of work. Say この駅えきは混こんでいます.
  • Saying 忙いそがしいでした. The past of 忙いそがしい is 忙いそがしかったです. Do not attach でした to the plain form.
  • Using 忙いそがしい to describe someone else in a flat statement. 先生せんせいは忙いそがしいです is fine, but 忙いそがしそう is safer when you are guessing from what you see.
  • Finishing the refusal. すみません、忙いそがしいので行いけません is grammatically fine but blunt. Native speakers usually stop at 忙いそがしくて… and let the other person finish the thought.
  • Using お忙いそがしい about yourself. お忙いそがしい raises the other person. For yourself, use 忙いそがしい.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 5 and 6 are a pair: the same English word, two different Japanese ideas.

1. Say "I was busy yesterday" politely.

Show answer

昨日きのうは忙いそがしかったです — 忙いそがしい is an i-adjective, so the past is 忙いそがしかった; do not say 忙いそがしいでした.

2. Say "I'm not very busy this week" politely.

Show answer

今週こんしゅうはあまり忙いそがしくないです — the negative of an i-adjective is くない, and あまり fits with a negative.

3. You are guessing that your colleague is busy from how they are moving around. How do you say "You look busy"?

Show answer

忙いそがしそうですね — そう marks what you can see from outside, so it is the safe way to talk about someone else's state.

4. You are cooking and the phone rings. Which phrase says "I can't stop right now"?

Show answer

今いま、手てが離はなせません — 手てが離はなせない is the moment-by-moment "hands are full" phrase, not a general schedule word.

5. Say "This restaurant is always busy" meaning it is full of customers.

Show answer

このレストランはいつも混こんでいます — a place full of people is 混こんでいる, not 忙いそがしい.

6. Say "The staff looked busy" (they were running around).

Show answer

店員てんいんさんは忙いそがしそうでした — the people working have a lot to do, so 忙いそがしい is correct here. This is the pair to question 5.

7. You call a friend and the line is in use the whole time. How do you describe it afterwards, casually?

Show answer

ずっと話し中はなしちゅうだった — 話し中はなしちゅう is the word for a phone line that is in use.

8. A client asks you to add a meeting this week. Give a polite, business-style reason that things are piled up.

Show answer

今週こんしゅうは仕事しごとが立たて込こんでいまして — 立たて込こんでいる puts the pile-up on the work itself, which sounds objective and polite.

9. A friend invites you out and you want to decline softly with "busy". What do you say?

Show answer

すみません、ちょっと忙いそがしくて… — the て-form and the trailing pause make a soft no without ever saying the refusal.

10. You start an email to a busy senior colleague. How do you open with "sorry to bother you while you're busy"?

Show answer

お忙いそがしいところすみません — お raises the other person's busyness; you would not use お忙いそがしい about yourself.

A busy shop is 混こんでいる, not 忙いそがしい, so describe a busy week and a crowded place in a trial lesson and check which of the five "busy" words each one needs.

FAQ

Is 忙いそがしい the same as 混こんでいる? No. 忙いそがしい describes a person or schedule with a lot to do. 混こんでいる describes a place, train, or road full of people. A shop can be 混こんでいる while the staff are 忙いそがしい.

How do I say "I'm busy right now"? 今いまちょっと忙いそがしいです is fine. If you are in the middle of a task and physically can't stop, 今いま、手てが離はなせません is closer to what an English speaker means.

Is バタバタ rude? No, it is casual to neutral and very common. It is a little informal for a formal email, where 慌あわただしい or 立たて込こんでいる would fit better.

Can I say 忙いそがしい to my boss? About yourself, yes, but it can sound like an excuse. It is more polite to use 立たて込こんでおります for work, or to name the task. When talking about the boss, use お忙いそがしい.

What does 忙いそがしいところすみません mean? It means "sorry to bother you when you're busy" and is the standard opener for a request to a busy person. It is polite and used all the time in Japanese offices and shops.

How do I say "the line is busy" on the phone? 話し中はなしちゅう is the everyday word. On signs and recordings you may see 通話つうわ中なか.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

忙しい	いそがしい — busy (having a lot to do)
忙しそう	いそがしそう — looks busy
お忙しい	おいそがしい — busy (honorific, for the other person)
バタバタ	ばたばた — hectic, in a flurry
慌ただしい	あわただしい — hurried, bustling
手が離せない	てがはなせない — can't stop right now, hands full
立て込む	たてこむ — to be piled up (jobs, appointments)
混んでいる	こんでいる — crowded
話し中	はなしちゅう — (phone) line busy
通話中	つうわちゅう — (phone) on a call
店員	てんいん — shop staff
返事	へんじ — reply

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime, so most of the example sentences on this blog come from lines I've actually heard students ask about — including this one, where the word for "busy" splits into five different words in almost every lesson. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or work through Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

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