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N4Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Excuse in Japanese: 言い訳いいわけ (いいわけ), 口実こうじつ, and the "excuse me" that is a different word

An "excuse" in Japanese is 言い訳いいわけ (いいわけ): 言い訳いいわけしないで means "Don't make excuses". A pretext, the excuse you use to cover your real reason, is 口実こうじつ (こうじつ). But "Excuse me" is a completely different phrase: すみません or 失礼しつれいします.

English "excuse" does two jobs. One is the noun, a justification you give after something goes wrong. The other is the polite "excuse me" for getting attention or squeezing past someone. Japanese uses unrelated words for these, so translating "excuse" with a dictionary often lands you in the wrong one. This post covers both, starting with 言い訳いいわけ and the phrases around it, then sorting out "excuse me".

What does 言い訳いいわけ mean?

How do you use 言い訳いいわけ?

言い訳いいわけ (いいわけ) is an excuse: an explanation that tries to justify what you did. It is a noun, and 言い訳いいわけする is the verb.

遅刻ちこくの言い訳いいわけを考かんがえた。 — I thought up an excuse for being late. (casual, a bit guilty) 言い訳いいわけしないで、ちゃんと謝あやまって。 — Don't make excuses; apologize properly. (casual, firm)

The word is literally 言いい (saying) + 訳わけ (reason). Piling up 言い訳いいわけ instead of apologizing can go badly in Japan as in many places, which is why the second sentence is a common line.

How do you say "That's just an excuse"?

Say それは言い訳いいわけだ or, more pointedly, 言い訳いいわけにしか聞きこえない, "It only sounds like an excuse".

それは言い訳いいわけでしょう。 — That's just an excuse, isn't it? (polite-casual, skeptical) 言い訳いいわけばかりしている。 — He's always making excuses. (casual, criticism)

〜ばかり means "nothing but"; see 〜ばかり. We also compare 言い訳いいわけ with complaining words in 文句もんく and 愚痴ぐち.

How do you give a reason without sounding like you are making excuses?

Use the cushion 言い訳いいわけになりますが, "This may sound like an excuse, but...". It acknowledges the risk and then gives the reason. It is very common in polite apologies at work.

言い訳いいわけになりますが、電車でんしゃが止とまっていました。 — This may sound like an excuse, but the trains had stopped. (polite, apologizing)

The order matters: apologize first, then explain. For apology phrases, see how to say sorry in Japanese.

What is the difference between 言い訳いいわけ, 理由りゆう and 口実こうじつ?

Is 理由りゆう the same as 言い訳いいわけ?

No. 理由りゆう (りゆう) is a neutral "reason". 言い訳いいわけ is a reason offered to escape blame. The same fact can be either, depending on attitude.

遅おくれた理由りゆうを教おしえてください。 — Please tell me the reason you were late. (polite, neutral question) 理由りゆうはあるけど、言い訳いいわけはしません。 — There is a reason, but I won't make excuses. (polite, taking responsibility)

The second sentence sounds mature and responsible.

What is 口実こうじつ?

口実こうじつ (こうじつ) is a pretext: an excuse used to hide your real reason or to get what you want. It is often an excuse prepared beforehand.

仕事しごとを口実こうじつに、パーティーを断たった。 — I used work as an excuse to turn down the party. (casual, honest about a pretext) 会あう口実こうじつを探さがしている。 — I'm looking for an excuse to see them. (casual, often romantic)

〜を口実こうじつに means "using ~ as an excuse". The second sentence is a classic in romance stories.

Word Reading Meaning Feel
理由りゆう りゆう reason neutral
言い訳いいわけ いいわけ excuse, justification defensive
口実こうじつ こうじつ pretext planned, hidden reason
弁解べんかい べんかい explanation, defense formal
言い訳いいわけがましい いいわけがましい sounding like an excuse criticism

How do you say "excuse me" in Japanese?

Which "excuse me" do you need?

To get attention or apologize lightly, say すみません. To enter or leave a room politely, say 失礼しつれいします. To squeeze past someone, say すみません or ちょっとすみません.

すみません、駅えきはどこですか? — Excuse me, where is the station? (polite, getting attention) 失礼しつれいします。 — Excuse me (as I come in / as I leave). (polite, offices and teachers' rooms)

There is no 言い訳いいわけ in any of these. For すみません in detail, see how to say sorry, and for ちょっと as a softener, see ちょっと.

Beyond the basics

What does 言い訳いいわけがましい mean?

言い訳いいわけがましい (いいわけがましい) means "sounding like an excuse". 〜がましい adds "having the air of", and the result is a criticism.

言い訳いいわけがましいけど、本当ほんとうに忙いそがしかったんだ。 — I know this sounds like an excuse, but I really was busy. (casual, self-aware)

What is 弁解べんかい?

弁解べんかい (べんかい) is a formal word for explaining or defending yourself. In news, 弁解べんかいの余地よちがない means "there is no room for excuses", often used in public apologies.

弁解べんかいの余地よちはありません。 — There is no excuse. (very formal, a public apology)

How does 言い訳いいわけ sound in anime?

The classic line is 言い訳いいわけは聞ききたくない!, "I don't want to hear excuses!" It is a stern parent, a strict captain, or an angry partner. The flustered reply is often ち、違ちがうんだ!これは…, "N-no, this is...".

言い訳いいわけは聞ききたくない! — I don't want to hear excuses! (rough, angry)

Common mistakes

  • Translating "Excuse me" as 言い訳いいわけ. Use すみません or 失礼しつれいします.
  • Explaining before apologizing. In Japanese, apologize first, then give the reason with 言い訳いいわけになりますが.
  • Calling a neutral reason 言い訳いいわけ. If you just mean "reason", use 理由りゆう.
  • Using 口実こうじつ for an honest reason. 口実こうじつ implies a pretext.
  • Using 弁解べんかい in casual talk. It sounds like a press conference.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: a neutral reason versus an excuse.

1. Say "Don't make excuses; apologize properly."

Show answer

言い訳いいわけしないで、ちゃんと謝あやまって。 — 言い訳いいわけする is "to make an excuse".

2. Say skeptically, "That's just an excuse, isn't it?"

Show answer

それは言い訳いいわけでしょう。 — でしょう adds "isn't it?".

3. Ask politely, "Please tell me the reason you were late."

Show answer

遅おくれた理由りゆうを教おしえてください。 — 理由りゆう is a neutral reason.

4. Say "There is a reason, but I won't make excuses."

Show answer

理由りゆうはあるけど、言い訳いいわけはしません。 — 言い訳いいわけ is a reason used to escape blame. This is the pair to question 3.

5. At work, after apologizing, cushion your reason: "This may sound like an excuse, but the trains had stopped."

Show answer

言い訳いいわけになりますが、電車でんしゃが止とまっていました。 — the cushion admits the risk first.

6. Say "I used work as an excuse to turn down the party."

Show answer

仕事しごとを口実こうじつに、パーティーを断たった。 — 口実こうじつ is a pretext.

7. You want to ask a stranger where the station is. How do you start?

Show answer

すみません、 — "excuse me" to get attention is すみません, not 言い訳いいわけ.

8. What do you say when entering a teacher's office?

Show answer

失礼しつれいします。 — the polite "excuse me" for entering or leaving.

9. Say "He's always making excuses."

Show answer

言い訳いいわけばかりしている。 — 〜ばかり is "nothing but".

10. In a formal apology, how do you say "There is no excuse"?

Show answer

弁解べんかいの余地よちはありません。 — very formal, typical of public apologies.

A trial lesson is a good place to tell the story of a character hiding a motive and say which line is a 理由りゆう and which is a 言い訳いいわけ.

FAQ

How do you say "excuse" in Japanese? 言い訳いいわけ (いいわけ) for an excuse or justification. A pretext is 口実こうじつ (こうじつ).

How do you say "Excuse me" in Japanese? すみません to get attention, 失礼しつれいします when entering or leaving a room.

How do you say "Don't make excuses"? 言い訳いいわけしないで (casual) or 言い訳いいわけはしないでください (polite).

What is the difference between 理由りゆう and 言い訳いいわけ? 理由りゆう is a neutral reason. 言い訳いいわけ is a reason used to avoid blame.

What does 言い訳いいわけになりますが mean? "This may sound like an excuse, but...", a polite cushion before giving a reason after an apology.

What does 口実こうじつ mean? A pretext, an excuse that hides your real reason, as in 仕事しごとを口実こうじつに, "using work as an excuse".

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

言い訳	いいわけ — excuse
言い訳する	いいわけする — to make an excuse
言い訳がましい	いいわけがましい — sounding like an excuse
理由	りゆう — reason
口実	こうじつ — pretext
弁解	べんかい — explanation, defense (formal)
余地	よち — room, margin
遅刻	ちこく — being late
謝る	あやまる — to apologize
断る	ことわる — to turn down
すみません	すみません — excuse me, sorry
失礼します	しつれいします — excuse me (entering, leaving)

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 言い訳いいわけ and phrases like 〜という言い訳いいわけ come up when learners retell plots where a character hides their real motive, and the 理由りゆう versus 言い訳いいわけ contrast is the part I make sure they take away. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

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