LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 24, 2026 · Updated Oct 19, 2026 · by Yuuki

Enough in Japanese: 十分じゅうぶん juubun vs 足たりる tariru vs もういい

Japanese splits "enough" into three jobs: 十分じゅうぶん (じゅうぶん) means plenty or good enough, 足たりる (たりる) means the amount covers the need, and もういい means "that's enough, stop."

The split is easy to see once you ask what you are really saying: "we have a comfortable amount," "this amount is enough to get by," or "stop now." English uses one word for all three, and Japanese will not let you swap them.

The basics

What does 十分じゅうぶん mean?

十分じゅうぶん is "sufficient, plenty, good enough." It can mean a comfortable surplus or simply "that's adequate." It works as a na-adjective (十分じゅうぶんな時間じかん, plenty of time) and as an adverb (十分じゅうぶんわかる, I understand it well).

時間じかんは十分じゅうぶんあります。 — We have plenty of time. (sufficient, comfortable) これで十分じゅうぶんです。 — This will do nicely. (polite, accepting what you're given) 一人ひとりでも十分じゅうぶんできるよ。 — I can do it on my own, no problem. (adverb: well enough)

You will also see 充分じゅうぶん, with the same reading and meaning. 十分じゅうぶん is the usual spelling in everyday writing.

What does 足たりる mean, and how is it different from 十分じゅうぶん?

足たりる is a verb: "to be enough, to suffice." It asks whether the amount reaches what you need. The tricky part for English speakers is that 足たりる can mean "just barely enough," while 十分じゅうぶん often means "comfortably enough."

千円せんえんで足たりる? — Is a thousand yen enough? (does it reach the amount?) 千円せんえんでちょうど足たりた。 — A thousand yen was just enough. (it covered it, nothing left) 千円せんえんあれば十分じゅうぶんだよ。 — A thousand yen is plenty. (you'll even have change)

The negative 足たりない is even more common, for anything that falls short.

椅子いすが一ひとつ足たりない。 — We're one chair short. (shortfall) 睡眠すいみんが足たりなくて、集中しゅうちゅうできない。 — I'm not getting enough sleep, so I can't focus. (effect of lacking sleep)

The thing that is or isn't enough takes が: お金かねが足たりない, never お金かねを足たりない.

Three near-twins show the difference. これでいい (this will do) is a casual "fine, I'll settle." これで十分じゅうぶん (this is enough) is "I'm satisfied, nothing more needed." これで足たりる (this covers it) is only about the amount reaching the need.

Side by side

Word Type Question it answers Example
十分じゅうぶん na-adjective / adverb Is there plenty? 時間じかんは十分じゅうぶんある
足たりる / 足たりない verb Does the amount cover it? お金かねが足たりない
もういい phrase Should we stop? もういい、やめよう
いい加減かげんにして phrase Will you stop already? いい加減かげんにして!
結構けっこうです phrase No more, thank you もう結構けっこうです

How is 十分じゅうぶん read: じゅうぶん or じっぷん?

The same two characters also mean "ten minutes." As "enough" it is always じゅうぶん; as ten minutes it is じっぷん or じゅっぷん.

駅えきまで十分じゅうぶん(じっぷん)かかる。 — It takes ten minutes to the station. (time) 十分じゅうぶん(じゅうぶん)間に合まにあう。 — We'll easily make it. (enough)

In writing, the real ambiguity shows up with verbs that fit both meanings. 十分じゅうぶん休やすんでください can be "rest well" (じゅうぶん) or "rest for ten minutes" (じっぷん). Speech settles it by sound.

One more trap is the long vowel. じゅうぶん has a long "uu," and if you shorten it, you get じぶん (自分じぶん), which means "myself." Learners drop that length all the time, so say じゅーぶん slowly a few times.

Beyond the basics

How do you say "that's enough!" to stop something?

Not with 十分じゅうぶん. To end something, Japanese uses いい in the sense of "we're done."

もういい! — Enough! / Forget it! (frustrated, sharp) もういいよ。 — It's fine, you can stop now. (soft, often kind) いい加減かげんにして! — Cut it out! (exasperated)

The same もういい can be warm or cold depending on tone and the final よ. Said gently to someone apologising again and again, もういいよ means "it's okay, no more sorry." Said sharply, it closes the conversation. いい加減かげんにしろ is the rough, mostly male version.

In anime, もういい usually appears in two scene types: a quarrel where one person gives up on the other, and a quiet scene where a friend forgives someone. The voice acting tells you which, so listen to the tone before you decide on the meaning.

Is もういいです safe to say to a stranger?

Be careful. To a shop clerk or waiter, もういいです can sound like "forget it," a little annoyed. When you mean "no more for me, thanks," use もう結構けっこうです or もう十分じゅうぶんです. A short ありがとうございます in front keeps it warm.

もう十分じゅうぶんいただきました。 — I've had plenty, thank you. (very polite) いえ、もう結構けっこうです。 — No, I'm fine, thank you. (polite refusal)

結構けっこうです is also tricky because it can mean "that's fine" as a yes. The もう and the tone decide it: もう結構けっこうです is almost always "no more." More soft refusals are in how to say no in Japanese, and the words around the meal are in いただきます and ごちそうさま.

Why does 十分じゅうぶん sometimes sound cold?

十分じゅうぶん is a verdict about need, not a compliment. If a friend shows you a drawing they worked hard on and you say 十分じゅうぶんだよ, it can land as "it's adequate." The same goes for 十分じゅうぶん上手じょうず, which can sound like "good enough, I suppose." For praise, say すごい, いいね or 上手じょうず.

What does 〜で十分じゅうぶん mean?

〜で十分じゅうぶん is "just 〜 is enough," a humble way to say you don't need more.

水みずで十分じゅうぶんです。 — Water is fine for me. (don't go to any trouble) コンビニのおにぎりで十分じゅうぶん。 — A convenience-store rice ball is all I need. (casual)

It pairs well with offers: someone asks what you'd like, and 〜で十分じゅうぶんです says you're happy with the simple option. For the opposite problem, too much, see 〜すぎる.

Common mistakes

  • Using 十分じゅうぶん to stop someone. 十分じゅうぶん! as "enough, stop!" sounds odd. Use もういい or やめて.
  • Using を with 足たりる. お金かねを足たりない is wrong. The amount takes が: お金かねが足たりない.
  • Reading 十分じゅうぶん as じっぷん for "enough." じっぷん is ten minutes. "Enough" is always じゅうぶん.
  • Praising with 十分じゅうぶん. It sounds like "adequate." Use a real compliment.
  • Saying 足たりません for "no thanks." At a table it means "there isn't enough," the opposite of what you want. Say もう十分じゅうぶんです or 結構けっこうです.
  • Using もういいです on staff. It can sound annoyed. Use もう結構けっこうです.
  • Shortening the long vowel. じぶん is "myself," not "enough."

Practice

Answers are hidden, so build yours first. Questions cover new nouns and situations.

1. Ask yourself aloud whether 500 yen will cover the train fare.

Show answer

電車代でんしゃだい、五百ごひゃく円えんで足たりるかな。 — an amount that may just reach the need, so 足たりる. かな is the thinking-aloud ending.

2. Tell a guest there is plenty of salt in the kitchen.

Show answer

塩しおは十分じゅうぶんあるよ。 — comfortable quantity, so 十分じゅうぶん.

3. Say "We're two cups short."

Show answer

コップが二ふたつ足たりない。 — shortfall, so 足たりない with が.

4. Fix: 砂糖さとうを足たりません。

Show answer

砂糖さとうが足たりません。 — the thing that falls short takes が.

5. A friend serves you seconds, but you are full. Decline casually.

Show answer

もう十分じゅうぶんだよ、おなかいっぱい。 — 十分じゅうぶん as "I've had plenty," with the reason added so it doesn't sound like a verdict on the food.

6. Which readings does 十分じゅうぶん休やすんでください allow, and what does each mean?

Show answer

じゅうぶん = "rest well"; じっぷん = "rest for ten minutes." — the written form fits both.

7. Your friend shows you a photo they took. Give real praise.

Show answer

すごい!いい写真しゃしんだね。 — 十分じゅうぶん would sound like "acceptable."

8. A child keeps teasing a sibling at the dinner table. Tell them to stop.

Show answer

やめなさい。 or いい加減かげんにしなさい。 — stopping, not sufficiency, so no 十分じゅうぶん.

9. At a cafe, tell the staff that a salad alone is enough for you.

Show answer

サラダだけで十分じゅうぶんです。 — 〜だけで十分じゅうぶん says nothing more is needed.

10. Tell a friend to bring three thousand yen, adding that it will be plenty.

Show answer

三千円さんぜんえんあれば十分じゅうぶんだよ。 — 〜あれば十分じゅうぶん means with this amount you're comfortable, even with some left over.

If you want to practise choosing between these on the spot, a trial lesson is a good place to try money, time and food situations aloud.

FAQ

Is 十分じゅうぶん the same as 充分じゅうぶん? Same reading, same meaning. 十分じゅうぶん is the standard spelling; 充分じゅうぶん is more common in novels and ads, where it feels like "fully."

What is 不十分ふじゅうぶん? "Insufficient." It is formal, used in reports and feedback. In conversation, 足たりない is more natural.

How do you say "I've had enough of this"? もううんざり or もう嫌いやだ. They express being fed up, which is about feelings, not quantity.

Can I say 足たりてます to turn down a refill? No. 足たりてます checks supplies or counts: お皿さら、足たりてますか? "Do you have enough plates?" あ、足たりてます. To refuse a refill, say もう大丈夫だいじょうぶです, もう十分じゅうぶんです or もう結構けっこうです. (あ、もう)大丈夫だいじょうぶです is the most common modern way to decline.

Is 足たりる the same as 足たす? No. 足たりる is "to be enough." 足たす is "to add." 塩しおを足たす means to add salt.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab. The first column becomes the front, the second the back.

十分	じゅうぶん — enough, plenty
足りる	たりる — to be enough, to suffice
足りない	たりない — not enough, short
結構	けっこう — fine; (もう結構です) no more, thank you
いい加減	いいかげん — (いい加減にして) cut it out
時間	じかん — time
間に合う	まにあう — to make it in time
椅子	いす — chair
睡眠	すいみん — sleep
集中	しゅうちゅう — concentration, focus
上手	じょうず — skilful, good at
不十分	ふじゅうぶん — insufficient
充分	じゅうぶん — enough (alternative spelling)
駅	えき — station
水	みず — water
自分	じぶん — myself
電車代	でんしゃだい — train fare
塩	しお — salt
砂糖	さとう — sugar
足す	たす — to add

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 十分じゅうぶん comes up in lessons when learners shorten the long vowel and じゅうぶん turns into じぶん, which is a good moment to sort out the whole "enough" family at once.

Book a trial lesson · $13

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

More “Grammar, One Piece at a Time” articles →

Want to try this in a real conversation?

30-minute trial lesson, $13. Times shown in your own timezone.

Practice it out loud with a Tokyo native. ★5.0 from 358 italki reviews.

See how the lessons work →

Book a trial lesson · $13