LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Lesson notes · Oct 5, 2026

Earthquake in Japanese: 地震じしん (じしん), 揺ゆれる, 震度しんど, 余震よしん, and 津波つなみ

"Earthquake" in Japanese is 地震じしん (じしん). The shaking itself is 揺ゆれ (ゆれ), the verb is 揺ゆれる (ゆれる), and the strength you feel in a particular place is 震度しんど (しんど). Be careful: 自信じしん (じしん, confidence) sounds exactly the same, so context does all the work.

If you live in Japan or visit, you will hear 地震じしん sooner than you expect. It shows up in phone alerts, station announcements, TV news, and in the short, calm conversations people have right after the floor moves. It also shows up in anime, usually as a shout. This post gives you the core word, the family of words around it, and the things people actually say. It is general language help, not safety advice, so for real preparation always check official sources such as the Japan Meteorological Agency (気象庁きしょうちょう) and your local government.

How do you say "earthquake" in Japanese?

What does 地震じしん mean, and how is it read?

地震じしん (じしん) is "earthquake". The kanji are 地ち (ground) and 震しん (to shake, to tremble), so it is literally "ground shaking".

今いま、地震じしんがあった? — Was there an earthquake just now? (casual) 昨日きのうの夜よる、大おおきい地震じしんがありました。 — There was a big earthquake last night. (polite)

The natural verb for an earthquake is ある (to be, to happen) or 起おきる (to occur), not a verb of motion. You say 地震じしんがある or 地震じしんが起おきる. The news uses 地震じしんが発生はっせいした (an earthquake occurred), which is stiffer.

Why does 地震じしん sound like 自信じしん?

Both are じしん. 自信じしん means confidence, and 地震じしん means earthquake. They are written differently but sound the same, so the main clue is the sentence around them.

この地震じしんは大おーきかったね。 — That earthquake was big, wasn't it. (casual) 彼かれは自信じしんがある。 — He is confident. (casual)

ある goes with both, so listen for the rest of the sentence: 地震じしん goes with 起おきる, 揺ゆれる, and 大おおきい, while 自信じしん goes with ない and つく ("gain confidence"). For the confidence side of the pair, see confidence in Japanese, and for the wider family of sound-alikes, see Japanese homophones.

Is it 地震じしんが揺ゆれる?

No. The earthquake does not shake. The ground, the building, or the table shakes. Say 地面じめんが揺ゆれる, 家いえが揺ゆれる, or just 揺ゆれた.

地面じめんが揺ゆれた。 — The ground shook. (casual) さっき、結構けっこう揺ゆれたね。 — It shook quite a lot a moment ago. (casual)

You can also use the noun 揺ゆれ: 大おおきな揺ゆれ (a big shake), 強つよい揺ゆれ (strong shaking), 横よこ揺ゆれ (side-to-side shaking), 縦たて揺ゆれ (up-and-down shaking). Think of 地震じしん as the event and 揺ゆれ as what you feel.

The basics

What is the difference between 震度しんど and マグニチュード?

震度しんど (しんど) is how strongly the shaking was felt at a particular place. マグニチュード is the size of the earthquake itself. One earthquake has one マグニチュード but can have different 震度しんど in different towns.

この町まちは震度しんどが大おーきかった。 — The shaking was strong in this town. (casual) マグニチュードは地震じしんの大おおきさを表あらわします。 — Magnitude shows the size of an earthquake. (polite)

Here is a way to remember it. マグニチュード is like the volume of a speaker. 震度しんど is how loud it sounds where you are standing. If you are far from the speaker, it sounds quieter, and if you are close, it is loud. News readers will name a 震度しんど for each area, which is why you hear a list of place names read out after a quake. This post does not give specific numbers, because the exact scale and the latest figures belong to the official source, and 気象庁きしょうちょう publishes them.

What do you say right after an earthquake?

People keep it short and calm: 揺ゆれたね (it shook, didn't it), 大丈夫だいじょうぶ? (are you okay?), and 結構大けっこうおおきかったね (that was fairly big).

あ、揺ゆれたね。 — Oh, it shook, didn't it. (casual) 大丈夫だいじょうぶ? けがはない? — Are you okay? Are you hurt? (casual) 結構大けっこうおおきかったね。びっくりした。 — That was fairly big. I was startled. (casual) 今いまの、地震じしんだよね? — That was an earthquake, right? (casual, checking) みなさん、大丈夫だいじょうぶですか。 — Is everyone all right? (polite, to a group)

大丈夫だいじょうぶ does a lot of work here. If you want to know why it can mean "okay," "no thanks," and "don't worry," see daijoubu meaning in Japanese. To report that you are fine after a disaster, a common word is 無事ぶじ (ぶじ), which is covered in safe in Japanese.

What is 余震よしん?

余震よしん (よしん) is an aftershock, a smaller shake that follows the main one. 余よ means "remaining" or "left over".

余震よしんがあるかもしれないので、気きをつけてください。 — There may be aftershocks, so please be careful. (polite) まだ余震よしんが続つづいている。 — The aftershocks are still continuing. (casual)

Notice the 〜かもしれない ("might") in the first example. Announcements often use hedging like this because nobody can say exactly what will happen.

What is 津波つなみ?

津波つなみ (つなみ) is a tsunami. It is a Japanese word that English borrowed. The kanji are 津つ (harbor) and 波なみ (wave), so it is a "harbor wave".

海うみの近ちかくにいる人ひとは、津波つなみに注意ちゅういしてください。 — If you are near the sea, please watch out for tsunamis. (polite) 津波つなみが来くるかもしれないから、高たかいところに逃にげよう。 — A tsunami may come, so let's flee to high ground. (casual)

Two useful verbs: 逃にげる (にげる, to run away) for urgent moments, and 避難ひなんする (ひなんする, to evacuate) for the formal, planned version.

Word Reading Meaning
地震じしん じしん earthquake
自信じしん じしん confidence
揺ゆれ ゆれ shaking
揺ゆれる ゆれる to shake
震度しんど しんど felt intensity at a place
マグニチュード マグニチュード magnitude (size of the quake)
余震よしん よしん aftershock
津波つなみ つなみ tsunami
避難ひなん ひなん evacuation
避難所ひなんじょ ひなんじょ evacuation shelter
防災ぼうさい ぼうさい disaster prevention

Beyond the basics

What does the phone alert say? (緊急きんきゅう地震じしん速報そくほう)

緊急きんきゅう地震じしん速報そくほう (きんきゅうじしんそくほう) is the "emergency earthquake alert". Your phone makes a loud, unusual sound and shows a message, usually just before strong shaking in your area.

緊急きんきゅう地震じしん速報そくほうです。強つよい揺ゆれに警戒けいかいしてください。 — This is an emergency earthquake alert. Be on guard for strong shaking. (announcement)

The pieces are 緊急きんきゅう (emergency), 地震じしん (earthquake), and 速報そくほう (breaking news). 警戒けいかい (けいかい) means "to be on guard". If you travel in Japan, it helps to know this phrase before it appears on your screen, because the alert comes with very little time to read it. A phone's settings can control whether these alerts are on, and tourists often find them startling the first time.

What do you hear at stations and in hotels?

Announcements use polite, formal language and a handful of repeated words: 落ち着おちついてください (please stay calm), 係員かかりいんの指示しじに従したがってください (please follow the staff's instructions), and 避難所ひなんじょ (shelter).

落ち着おちついて行動こうどうしてください。 — Please act calmly. (announcement) 係員かかりいんの指示しじに従したがってください。 — Please follow the staff's instructions. (announcement) 安全あんぜんが確認かくにんされるまで、お待まちください。 — Please wait until safety has been confirmed. (announcement)

You do not need to speak these. You just need to recognize them. 避難ひなん (ひなん) is "evacuation" and 避難所ひなんじょ (ひなんじょ) is the place where people go. The related word 防災ぼうさい (ぼうさい) means "disaster prevention", and it appears on posters, bags, and drills. For the difference between 災害さいがい words like 天災てんさい and 人災じんさい, see natural disaster in Japanese.

Again, this article is language help. For what to actually do, use the official guidance from 気象庁きしょうちょう and your local government, and ask your hotel or school about their own procedures.

How does 地震じしん sound in anime and daily speech?

In anime and manga, "地震じしんだ!" (it's an earthquake!) is a classic shout. In real life, people tend to say much less, and often just 揺ゆれてる (it's shaking).

地震じしんだ! みんな、机つくえの下したに! — Earthquake! Everyone, under your desks! (anime-style shout) うわ、揺ゆれてる揺ゆれてる。 — Whoa, it's shaking, it's shaking. (casual, reacting) 震度しんどいくつだった? — What was the intensity? (casual)

The shortened 揺ゆれてる is the 〜ている form with the い dropped, the normal way to speak. Repeating a word, as in 揺ゆれてる揺ゆれてる, is a very natural way to react in the moment. If you want more everyday vocabulary about the sky and the ground around you, Japanese weather vocabulary is a good next step.

Can you use 揺ゆれる for non-earthquakes?

Yes. 揺ゆれる is the general "to sway" verb. It also describes a swaying train, a swinging mind, or a trembling flame.

電車でんしゃが揺ゆれて、立たっていられなかった。 — The train shook and I couldn't stay standing. (casual) 気持きもちが揺ゆれている。 — My feelings are wavering. (casual, emotional)

A related word you will see in news is 揺ゆれ幅はば or 揺ゆらぐ, but for now 揺ゆれる is the one to learn.

Common mistakes

  • Saying 地震じしんが揺ゆれる. The earthquake does not shake. Say 地面じめんが揺ゆれる or 揺ゆれた.
  • Mixing up 地震じしん and 自信じしん. Both are じしん, and both can take ある, so that verb alone will not tell them apart. 起おきる or 揺ゆれる means earthquake; つく means confidence.
  • Using マグニチュード for how strong it felt where you are. That is 震度しんど. マグニチュード is the size of the quake itself.
  • Writing 余震よしん as 予震よしん. The first kanji is 余よ, "remaining". A shake that comes after is 余震よしん.
  • Treating 津波つなみ as only a very big wave. In language, 津波つなみ is a specific word and it is the one in alerts. Do not substitute 大おおきい波なみ.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same sound, two meanings. Questions 5 and 6 are another pair: size versus felt strength.

1. Say "Was there an earthquake just now?"

Show answer

今いま、地震じしんがあった? — 地震じしん is the earthquake, and the natural verb is ある.

2. Say "He is confident." Both this and the earthquake word are read じしん.

Show answer

彼かれは自信じしんがある。 — this is 自信じしん, not 地震じしん. The pair to question 1: same sound, same verb ある, different kanji and meaning.

3. Fix: 地震じしんが揺ゆれた。

Show answer

地面じめんが揺ゆれた。 — the ground shakes, not the earthquake. 揺ゆれた alone also works.

4. Say "It shook quite a lot a moment ago, didn't it?"

Show answer

さっき、結構けっこう揺ゆれたね。 — 結構けっこう means "quite" here, and ね seeks agreement.

5. Which word is the size of the earthquake itself: 震度しんど or マグニチュード?

Show answer

マグニチュード — it is the size of the quake. 震度しんど is how strongly it was felt in a particular place. This is the pair to question 6.

6. Say "The shaking was strong in this town."

Show answer

この町まちは震度しんどが大おーきかった。 — 震度しんど is tied to a place, so it fits 町まち. The pair to question 5.

7. Say politely, "There may be aftershocks, so please be careful."

Show answer

余震よしんがあるかもしれないので、気きをつけてください。 — 余震よしん is an aftershock, かもしれない means "might", and ので gives the reason.

8. Say "A tsunami may come, so let's flee to high ground."

Show answer

津波つなみが来くるかもしれないから、高たかいところに逃にげよう。 — 津波つなみ is a tsunami, 逃にげる is the urgent verb for running away, and 〜よう is "let's".

9. Ask a friend "Are you okay? Are you hurt?"

Show answer

大丈夫だいじょうぶ? けがはない? — 大丈夫だいじょうぶ asks about wellbeing, and けが is an injury.

10. Shout "Earthquake! Everyone, under your desks!" in an anime style.

Show answer

地震じしんだ! みんな、机つくえの下したに! — 地震じしんだ is the classic shout, and the 〜に at the end points to where to go.

FAQ

How do you say "earthquake" in Japanese? 地震じしん (じしん).

Is 地震じしん the same as 自信じしん? They sound the same, but 自信じしん means confidence. The kanji tell them apart in writing; in speech, listen to the rest of the sentence.

What is the difference between 震度しんど and マグニチュード? 震度しんど is how strongly the shaking was felt in a place. マグニチュード is the size of the earthquake.

What does 余震よしん mean? An aftershock, a smaller shake after the main one.

What is 緊急きんきゅう地震じしん速報そくほう? The emergency earthquake alert. It is the loud phone alert that comes just before strong shaking.

Where can I get real safety information? Check the Japan Meteorological Agency (気象庁きしょうちょう) and your local government. This article only teaches language.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

地震	じしん — earthquake
自信	じしん — confidence
揺れ	ゆれ — shaking
揺れる	ゆれる — to shake
震度	しんど — felt intensity at a place
マグニチュード	マグニチュード — magnitude
余震	よしん — aftershock
津波	つなみ — tsunami
避難	ひなん — evacuation
避難所	ひなんじょ — evacuation shelter
防災	ぼうさい — disaster prevention
緊急地震速報	きんきゅうじしんそくほう — emergency earthquake alert
警戒	けいかい — being on guard
落ち着く	おちつく — to stay calm
逃げる	にげる — to run away
無事	ぶじ — safe

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. The calm "揺ゆれたね、大丈夫だいじょうぶ?" exchange is one of the most useful short conversations to have ready, and it is better to know it before you need it. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

More “Animals, Nature & Everyday Places in Japanese” articles →

Want to try this in a real conversation?

30-minute trial lesson, $13. Times shown in your own timezone.

Practice it out loud with a Tokyo native. ★5.0 from 358 italki reviews.

See how the lessons work →

Book a trial lesson · $13