LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Boss in Japanese: 上司じょうし (じょうし), 社長しゃちょう, 部長ぶちょう, and the coworker word 同僚どうりょう

"My boss" in Japanese is 上司じょうし (じょうし), the person above you at work. The president of a company is the 社長しゃちょう (しゃちょう), and your coworker is a 同僚どうりょう (どうりょう). In Japanese offices, people usually call their boss by job title rather than by name: 部長ぶちょう, "department manager", or 課長かちょう, "section chief".

English "boss" covers your manager, the company owner, a gang leader and the final enemy in a video game. Japanese splits these, and at work it adds a twist: job titles work like names. If you work in Japan, or just watch office dramas, knowing who is a 上司じょうし, who is a 同僚どうりょう, and what to call each of them is essential. This post covers the workplace words first, then the bosses of anime and games.

How do you say "boss" in Japanese?

What does 上司じょうし mean?

上司じょうし (じょうし) means your boss or superior at work: anyone above you in the hierarchy. 上うえ means "above".

上司じょうしに相談そうだんしました。 — I talked it over with my boss. (polite) 上司じょうしが厳きびしくて大変たいへんだ。 — My boss is strict, so it's tough. (casual, a complaint)

上司じょうし is a description, not a way to address someone. You would not say 上司じょうし、おはようございます.

What does 社長しゃちょう mean?

社長しゃちょう (しゃちょう) is the president or head of a company. In a small company, the 社長しゃちょう is often the "boss" in the English sense.

社長しゃちょうが来週らいしゅう、店みせに来きます。 — The company president is visiting the shop next week. (polite)

You can address the president directly as 社長しゃちょう: 社長しゃちょう、おはようございます.

How do you address your boss?

Use their title, often with or without their surname: 部長ぶちょう, 田中たなか部長ぶちょう, 課長かちょう. Titles act like names in Japanese offices, and they already show respect, so you do not add さん.

部長ぶちょう、少すこしよろしいですか。 — Excuse me, do you have a moment? (polite, to your department manager)

Title Reading Meaning
社長しゃちょう しゃちょう company president
部長ぶちょう ぶちょう department manager
課長かちょう かちょう section chief
店長てんちょう てんちょう store manager
上司じょうし じょうし boss, superior (description)
部下ぶか ぶか subordinate
同僚どうりょう どうりょう coworker

For how titles and honorifics combine, see Japanese honorifics.

How do you say "coworker" in Japanese?

What does 同僚どうりょう mean?

同僚どうりょう (どうりょう) is a coworker or colleague at roughly the same level. 同どう means "same".

同僚どうりょうと昼ひるご飯はんを食たべに行いった。 — I went to lunch with a coworker. (casual)

A common mix-up is calling your boss a 同僚どうりょう, or a coworker a 上司じょうし. The test is simple: is this person above you, or beside you?

What is 部下ぶか?

部下ぶか (ぶか) is a subordinate: someone below you at work. It is the opposite of 上司じょうし.

部下ぶかに仕事しごとを頼たのんだ。 — I asked my subordinate to do the task. (neutral)

Some people avoid 部下ぶか in front of the person, because it emphasizes rank. チームのメンバー is a softer alternative.

What about 先輩せんぱい at work?

先輩せんぱい (せんぱい) is someone who joined before you, regardless of title. A 先輩せんぱい may not be your 上司じょうし, but they still deserve a little extra respect. See 先輩せんぱい and 後輩こうはい.

先輩せんぱいに仕事しごとを教おしえてもらった。 — A senior colleague taught me the job. (casual)

What about bosses in anime and games?

What is ボス?

ボス (boss) is a loanword for a leader, especially a gang leader or the boss of a video game level. ラスボス (last boss) is the final boss.

やっとラスボスを倒たおした! — I finally beat the final boss! (casual, gaming)

For more gaming words, see Japanese gaming terms.

What are 親分おやぶん and 組長くみちょう?

親分おやぶん (おやぶん) is a gang boss or a "big boss" figure, and 組長くみちょう (くみちょう) is the head of a group, famously used in yakuza stories. 親分おやぶん is also used jokingly for a bossy friend.

親分おやぶん、どうしますか。 — Boss, what do we do? (rough, a gang drama line)

Beyond the basics

What does 上下関係じょうげかんけい mean?

上下関係じょうげかんけい (じょうげかんけい) is hierarchy: who is above and who is below in a group. It is a big topic in Japanese workplaces and clubs.

この会社かいしゃは上下関係じょうげかんけいが厳きびしい。 — This company has a strict hierarchy. (neutral)

How do you talk to your boss politely?

Use keigo: 〜ていただけますか (could you), お時間じかんよろしいですか (do you have time). For the system behind it, see keigo vs casual Japanese.

お時間じかんよろしいですか。 — Do you have a moment? (very polite, to a boss)

Common mistakes

  • Addressing your boss as 上司じょうし. It is a description. Use their title, like 部長ぶちょう.
  • Adding さん to a title. 部長ぶちょうさん is used by outsiders, but inside the company, just 部長ぶちょう.
  • Calling your boss a 同僚どうりょう. 同僚どうりょう is someone at your level.
  • Calling your manager ボス in a Japanese office. It sounds like a gang or a game.
  • Saying 部下ぶか in front of the person. It can feel cold. Try チームのメンバー.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: above you versus beside you.

1. Say "I talked it over with my boss."

Show answer

上司じょうしに相談そうだんしました。 — 上司じょうし is your superior.

2. Get your department manager's attention politely.

Show answer

部長ぶちょう、少すこしよろしいですか。 — titles work like names.

3. The person who assigns your work and reviews it is your...?

Show answer

上司じょうし — someone above you.

4. The person at the next desk who joined the same year is your...?

Show answer

同僚どうりょう — a coworker at your level. This is the pair to question 3.

5. Say "I went to lunch with a coworker."

Show answer

同僚どうりょうと昼ひるご飯はんを食たべに行いった。 — 同僚どうりょう is a colleague.

6. What is the head of a company called?

Show answer

社長しゃちょう — company president.

7. What is the opposite of 上司じょうし?

Show answer

部下ぶか — a subordinate.

8. Say "I finally beat the final boss!"

Show answer

やっとラスボスを倒たおした! — ラスボス is the final boss.

9. Say "This company has a strict hierarchy."

Show answer

この会社かいしゃは上下関係じょうげかんけいが厳きびしい。 — 上下関係じょうげかんけい is hierarchy.

10. Fix: inside your own company, you call your manager 部長ぶちょうさん. What is more natural?

Show answer

部長ぶちょう — the title already shows respect, so no さん.

Mixing up 上司じょうし and 同僚どうりょう is easy to fix once you describe the people you really work with, so introduce your team in a trial lesson and use titles the Japanese way.

FAQ

How do you say "boss" in Japanese? 上司じょうし (じょうし) for your superior at work. The company president is 社長しゃちょう.

How do you say "coworker" in Japanese? 同僚どうりょう (どうりょう).

What do you call your boss in a Japanese office? Their title, like 部長ぶちょう or 課長かちょう, often with their surname.

What is the difference between 上司じょうし and 先輩せんぱい? 上司じょうし is above you in rank. 先輩せんぱい joined before you and may or may not be your boss.

What does ボス mean in Japanese? A leader, especially in gangs or video games. ラスボス is the final boss.

What does 親分おやぶん mean? A gang boss or "big boss", sometimes used jokingly for a bossy friend.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

上司	じょうし — boss, superior
社長	しゃちょう — company president
部長	ぶちょう — department manager
課長	かちょう — section chief
店長	てんちょう — store manager
同僚	どうりょう — coworker
部下	ぶか — subordinate
先輩	せんぱい — senior colleague
上下関係	じょうげかんけい — hierarchy
ラスボス	ラスボス — final boss
親分	おやぶん — gang boss
組長	くみちょう — head of a group
相談	そうだん — consultation

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 上司じょうし and 同僚どうりょう are a pair I have seen mixed up more than once when learners talk about work, and the titles-as-names rule is the part that surprises people most. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

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