LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Bone in Japanese: 骨ほね (ほね), 骨折こっせつ, 豚骨とんこつ, and 骨ほねが折おれる

"Bone" in Japanese is 骨ほね (ほね). A broken bone is 骨折こっせつ (こっせつ), a fish bone is 魚さかなの骨ほね, and the rich ramen soup 豚骨とんこつ (とんこつ) literally means "pork bone". The idiom 骨ほねが折おれる, "bones break", means a task is hard work.

骨ほね is a word you meet in three places in Japan: at the clinic, at the dinner table, and inside idioms. The kanji has two readings, ほね when it stands alone and こつ inside compound words, and knowing which is which makes many words easy to read.

How do you say "bone" in Japanese?

What does 骨ほね mean?

骨ほね (ほね) is a bone in people, animals, or fish.

魚さかなの骨ほねがのどに刺ささった。 — A fish bone got stuck in my throat. (casual) この魚さかなは骨ほねが多おおい。 — This fish has a lot of bones. (casual)

How do you say "I broke a bone"?

骨折こっせつ (こっせつ) is a fracture. 骨折こっせつした means "I broke a bone".

スキーで足あしを骨折こっせつした。 — I broke my leg skiing. (casual) 骨ほねにひびが入はいった。 — My bone is cracked. (casual)

For clinic words, see hospital in Japanese and how to say sick in Japanese.

Why does 骨ほね have two readings?

Alone it is ほね. In compound words it is often こつ, as in 骨折こっせつ (こっせつ) and 豚骨とんこつ (とんこつ). The small っ appears when こつ meets せつ. Learn こつ inside words such as 骨折こっせつ and 豚骨とんこつ rather than as a bare reading, the habit how to memorize kanji recommends, since the word, not the character, is the unit.

What 骨ほね words appear in food?

What is 豚骨とんこつ?

豚骨とんこつ (とんこつ) is pork bone. 豚骨とんこつラーメン has a creamy white soup made by boiling pork bones for many hours.

豚骨とんこつラーメンが一番好いちばんすき。 — Tonkotsu ramen is my favorite. (casual)

What is 骨ほね付つき?

骨ほね付つき (ほねつき) means "bone-in", as in 骨ほね付つきの肉にく (meat on the bone). 骨ほねなし is boneless.

骨ほね付つきのチキンを食たべた。 — I ate bone-in chicken. (casual)

Word Reading Meaning
骨ほね ほね bone
骨折こっせつ こっせつ broken bone
豚骨とんこつ とんこつ pork bone (ramen soup)
骨ほね付つき ほねつき bone-in
骨ほねが折おれる ほねがおれる to be hard work
骨ほねを折おる ほねをおる to take pains for someone
骨休ほねやすめ ほねやすめ a rest, a break
骨ほねのある ほねのある with backbone, tough

What idioms use 骨ほね?

What does 骨ほねが折おれる mean?

骨ほねが折おれる, "bones break", usually means a job takes a lot of effort. As an idiom, it means hard work, but literally it can also mean an actual bone breaks, as in an injury.

この仕事しごとはかなり骨ほねが折おれる。 — This job is really hard work. (casual)

What does 骨ほねを折おる mean?

骨ほねを折おる means to go to great trouble, often for someone else.

先生せんせいが私わたしのために骨ほねを折おってくれた。 — My teacher went to great trouble for me. (casual)

What is 骨休ほねやすめ?

骨休ほねやすめ (ほねやすめ), "resting the bones", is a short break after hard work, like a trip to a hot spring.

週末しゅうまつは温泉おんせんで骨休ほねやすめした。 — I relaxed at a hot spring over the weekend. (casual)

What does 骨ほねのある mean?

骨ほねのある人ひと is a person with backbone who doesn't give up easily.

彼かれは骨ほねのある人ひとだ。 — He's a person with real backbone. (casual)

What is コツ?

コツ, usually written in katakana, means a knack or trick. It comes from the same kanji 骨ほね, the idea being the "core" of a skill. Learners love this word because it appears in so many how-to videos.

You will see titles like 上達じょうたつのコツ (the secret to getting better) and 節約せつやくのコツ (tips for saving money) all over Japanese bookstores and YouTube. Add コツ to any skill you are working on, and you have a ready-made search phrase in Japanese.

料理りょうりのコツを教おしえて。 — Teach me the trick to cooking. (casual)

Common mistakes

  • Reading 骨折こっせつ as ほねせつ. It is こっせつ.
  • Assuming 骨ほねが折おれる is always about injury. As an idiom, it usually means hard work.
  • Reading 豚骨とんこつ as ぶたほね. It is とんこつ.
  • Writing コツ as 骨ほね in casual text. Katakana is normal.
  • Confusing 骨ほねが折おれる and 骨ほねを折おる. The second is effort for someone.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 7 and 8 are a pair: hard work and taking trouble for someone.

1. Say "A fish bone got stuck in my throat."

Show answer

魚さかなの骨ほねがのどに刺ささった。 — 骨ほね.

2. Say "I broke my leg skiing."

Show answer

スキーで足あしを骨折こっせつした。 — 骨折こっせつ.

3. Say "My bone is cracked."

Show answer

骨ほねにひびが入はいった。 — ひびが入はいる.

4. Say "Tonkotsu ramen is my favorite."

Show answer

豚骨とんこつラーメンが一番好いちばんすき。 — 豚骨とんこつ.

5. Say "I ate bone-in chicken."

Show answer

骨ほね付つきのチキンを食たべた。 — 骨ほね付つき.

6. Say "Teach me the trick to cooking."

Show answer

料理りょうりのコツを教おしえて。 — コツ.

7. Say "This job is really hard work."

Show answer

この仕事しごとはかなり骨ほねが折おれる。 — 骨ほねが折おれる.

8. Say "My teacher went to great trouble for me."

Show answer

先生せんせいが私わたしのために骨ほねを折おってくれた。 — 骨ほねを折おる. This is the pair to question 7.

9. Say "I relaxed at a hot spring over the weekend."

Show answer

週末しゅうまつは温泉おんせんで骨休ほねやすめした。 — 骨休ほねやすめ.

10. Say "He's a person with real backbone."

Show answer

彼かれは骨ほねのある人ひとだ。 — 骨ほねのある.

骨ほねが折おれる is the idiom that gets taken literally, so use it for a tiring job in a trial lesson and compare it with 骨折こっせつ.

FAQ

How do you say "bone" in Japanese? 骨ほね (ほね).

How do you say "broken bone"? 骨折こっせつ (こっせつ).

What does 豚骨とんこつ mean? Pork bone, the base of tonkotsu ramen.

What does 骨ほねが折おれる mean? That something is hard work.

What is 骨休ほねやすめ? A rest after hard work.

Is コツ related to 骨ほね? Yes. It means a knack.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

骨	ほね — bone
骨折	こっせつ — broken bone
豚骨	とんこつ — pork bone
骨付き	ほねつき — bone-in
骨が折れる	ほねがおれる — to be hard work
骨を折る	ほねをおる — to take pains for someone
骨休め	ほねやすめ — a rest after work
骨のある	ほねのある — with backbone
コツ	コツ — knack, trick
ひびが入る	ひびがはいる — to crack

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 骨ほねが折おれる is one of those idioms learners take literally the first time, and コツ is the word that turns every how-to video into Japanese practice. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4 · Read something at this level: JLPT N4 stories with audio

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