LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Talking to real people · Sep 17, 2026

Asking for directions in Japanese: 一番近いちばんちかえき, and the four words in the answer

すみません、〜はどこですか is the question. The hard part is the answer, and it is built from four words: まっすぐ (straight), みぎ (right), ひだり (left) and がる (to turn). Learn those four and most direction-giving in Japan becomes parseable, even at speed.

Asking is easy. Understanding what comes back is the skill, and it is worth practising deliberately, because a direction you cannot parse is worse than not asking.

The basics

Asking

すみません、えきはどこですか。 — Excuse me, where is the station? (polite, the standard question) このちかくにコンビニはありますか。 — Is there a convenience store near here? (polite — use when you do not know if one exists)

Those two cover different situations. どこですか assumes the thing exists and asks for its location. ありますか asks whether it exists at all, which is the right question for "a" convenience store rather than "the" station.

一番近いちばんちかい and 最寄もよ

一番近いちばんちかえきはどこですか。 — Where is the nearest station? (polite — the everyday phrasing) 最寄もよえきはどこですか。 — Where is the nearest station? (polite — slightly more formal, and the word on signs)

最寄もより (もより) means "nearest" and is the word used in writing, on property listings and in announcements. 一番近いちばんちかい is the plain spoken equivalent. Both are understood everywhere; 最寄もよえき is worth recognizing because you will see it printed constantly.

The four words in the answer

Japanese Reading Meaning
まっすぐ まっすぐ straight ahead
みぎ みぎ right
ひだり ひだり left
がる まがる to turn
かど かど corner
信号しんごう しんごう traffic light
交差点こうさてん こうさてん intersection
たり つきあたり the end of the road

まっすぐって、二つ目ふたつめかどみぎがってください。 — Go straight and turn right at the second corner. (polite — the classic answer)

That sentence is the shape most answers take: a direction, a landmark, a turn. If you can hold those three slots in your head while listening, you will catch the answer even when it comes fast.

Note the particle: みぎがる. The に marks the direction you end up facing, the same に as in 電車でんしゃる.

Beyond the basics

Counting the landmark

〜つ (めじめ) and 〜番目ばんめ (ばんめ) both mean "the Nth."

二つ目ふたつめ信号しんごうひだりです。 — It's left at the second traffic light. (polite — note that がってください is often dropped)

一つ目ひとつめ, 二つ目ふたつめ, みっ use the native counting series and are what people say for corners and lights. If you have worked through Japanese counters, this is that system doing an everyday job.

Distance and time

あるいて五分ごぶぐらいです。 — It's about five minutes on foot. (polite — the most common answer of all) ここからとおいですか。 — Is it far from here? (polite — the question worth asking before you set off)

あるいて五分ごぶ is the standard unit of Japanese distance. Property listings measure walking distance in minutes rather than metres, at a conventional 80 metres per minute, which is why えきから徒歩とほ五分ごぶ appears on every rental advertisement.

For asking how long in general, どれくらいかかりますか is the flexible version.

Checking you understood

This is the part learners skip and should not.

まっすぐって、みぎですね。 — Go straight, then right — is that right? (polite — repeating back with ね) すみません、もう一度いちどねがいします。 — Sorry, once more please. (polite)

Repeating the key words back with ね is far more effective than asking someone to repeat the whole thing. It shows exactly which part you got, so the other person can correct the one piece you missed instead of starting again.

もう一度いちどねがいします is the other essential. It is short, polite and gets a slower second attempt from almost anyone.

When you cannot follow at all

地図ちずおしえてもらえますか。 — Could you show me on a map? (polite — hold up your phone) 一緒いっしょてもらえますか。 — Could you come with me? (polite — a big ask, but people often say yes)

Holding up a phone map turns a listening problem into a pointing problem, and it is not an admission of defeat — Japanese people do it with each other constantly.

Position words in the answer

Answers frequently use the position vocabulary: えきまえ (in front of the station), 銀行ぎんこうとなり (next to the bank), 交差点こうさてんかど (at the corner of the intersection).

コンビニのかいにあります。 — It's opposite the convenience store. (polite)

If those are shaky, Japanese position words covers the の that holds them together, which is the piece most learners drop.

Common mistakes

  • Using を with がる. みぎがってください. The に marks the resulting direction.
  • Asking どこですか about something that may not exist. For "is there a X near here," use ありますか.
  • Not repeating back. A silent nod means the other person cannot tell which part you missed.
  • Asking もう一度いちど for the whole answer. Repeating back the part you did get is faster and more polite.
  • Expecting street names. Most Japanese streets have no names. Directions use landmarks, corners and traffic lights instead, which is why those four words matter so much.
  • Reading 最寄もより as さいより. It is もより.

The full exchange

Step Japanese Notes
Open すみません Always start here
Ask (it exists) 〜はどこですか For a known place
Ask (unsure) このちかくに〜はありますか For any one of a kind
Ask nearest 一番近いちばんちかい〜はどこですか 最寄もより〜 in writing
Ask distance とおいですか / あるいて何分なんぷんですか Before setting off
Confirm 〜ですね Repeat the key words back
Ask again もう一度いちどねがいします Short and polite
Escape hatch 地図ちずおしえてもらえますか Turns listening into pointing
Close ありがとうございました Past tense — the help is complete

Practice

Questions 1 and 2 are the pair: two questions that look similar and are for different situations.

1. Ask politely where the station is.

Show answer

すみません、えきはどこですか。 — どこですか assumes it exists, which a station does.

2. Ask whether there is a convenience store nearby.

Show answer

このちかくにコンビニはありますか。 — ありますか asks whether one exists at all, which is the right question here.

3. Ask for the nearest station, in the spoken way.

Show answer

一番近いちばんちかえきはどこですか。最寄もよえきはどこですか is the same question in a slightly more formal register.

4. Say "go straight and turn right at the second corner."

Show answer

まっすぐって、二つ目ふたつめかどみぎがってください。 — Direction, landmark, turn. And みぎに, never みぎを.

5. Confirm that you understood: "straight, then right, yes?"

Show answer

まっすぐって、みぎですね。 — Repeating the key words back with ね shows exactly what you caught.

6. Ask for the answer again, politely.

Show answer

もう一度いちどねがいします。 — Short, polite, and it gets you a slower second attempt.

7. Ask someone to show you on a map.

Show answer

地図ちずおしえてもらえますか。 — Hold up your phone. This turns a listening problem into a pointing problem.

8. Say "it's about five minutes on foot."

Show answer

あるいて五分ごぶぐらいです。 — The standard unit of Japanese distance, used on every rental listing.

9. Fix this: みぎがってください。

Show answer

みぎがってください。 — に marks the direction you end up facing, like 電車でんしゃる.

10. How do you read 最寄もより?

Show answer

もより — Not さいより. It means "nearest" and appears constantly in writing.

FAQ

Why don't Japanese directions use street names? Because most streets do not have them. Addresses are based on nested blocks rather than roads, so directions are given with landmarks, corners and traffic lights. That is why まっすぐ, みぎ, ひだり and がる carry so much of the load.

Is it okay to stop a stranger to ask? Yes, and it is normal. Start with すみません, keep the question short, and finish with ありがとうございました in the past tense, which marks the help as completed.

What if they answer with 〜のほう or あっち? 〜のほう (ほう) means "in that direction" and あっち is the casual "over there." Both usually come with a gesture, and the gesture is the real answer.

How far is 徒歩とほ五分ごぶ exactly? By the property-listing convention, about 400 metres — the standard is 80 metres per minute. Actual walking time varies, and the convention does not account for hills or traffic lights.

Should I ask station staff instead of passers-by? Inside a station, yes — 駅員えきいん deal with this all day and are used to non-Japanese speakers. Outside, anyone will do, and shop staff are a good bet because they know the immediate area well.

What is たり? The point where a road stops and you must turn. たりをみぎ means "turn right where the road ends," which is a very common instruction in Japanese residential streets.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

まっすぐ	まっすぐ — straight ahead
右	みぎ — right
左	ひだり — left
曲がる	まがる — to turn
角	かど — corner
信号	しんごう — traffic light
交差点	こうさてん — intersection
突き当たり	つきあたり — the end of the road
最寄り	もより — nearest
近く	ちかく — nearby
遠い	とおい — far
地図	ちず — map
徒歩	とほ — on foot
駅員	えきいん — station attendant
教える	おしえる — to tell, to teach
渡る	わたる — to cross
向かい	むかい — opposite
一番	いちばん — the most, number one

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. The skill nobody practises is repeating the answer back — students rehearse the question a hundred times and then freeze at the reply, which is the half that actually gets you there.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5

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