LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 14, 2026

ために vs ように: two ways to say "in order to," and only one is right

ために and ように both mean "in order to," and choosing between them comes down to one question: can you decide to do the thing in front of it? If yes, use ために. If no — if it's an ability, a negative, or someone else's action — use ように.

This is the N3 grammar point learners most often get wrong without ever being corrected, because both versions are comprehensible. わすれないためにメモします will be understood perfectly, and it is still wrong.

The basics

The test

In front of it Use Example
A verb you control (volitional) ために 日本にほんくために貯金ちょきんする
A potential form ように はなせるように練習れんしゅうする
A negative ように わすれないようにメモする
Someone else's action ように どもがられるようにしずかにする

日本語にほんご勉強べんきょうするために、日本にほんました。 — I came to Japan in order to study Japanese. (polite past — studying is a choice) わすれないように、メモをります。 — I take notes so I don't forget. (polite — forgetting is not a choice)

The logic underneath: ために states a purpose you are aiming at deliberately. ように states a state you hope will result. You cannot deliberately not-forget; you can only arrange things so that forgetting doesn't happen.

The same-subject rule

ために normally requires both halves to have the same subject. ように does not.

どもがほんめるように、電気でんきをつけました。 — I turned on the light so my child could read. (polite past — two subjects, so ように)

If you tried this with ために, you would be saying your own purpose was your child's reading, which the grammar cannot express. Two subjects almost always means ように.

Potential forms take ように

Because potential forms are about ability, not choice, they never take ために:

漢字かんじめるように、毎日まいにち練習れんしゅうしています。 — I practise every day so I'll be able to read kanji. (polite, teiru — ongoing effort)

Note the pairing: むために練習れんしゅうする would mean "I practise in order to read," which is oddly circular. めるように練習れんしゅうする — practising so that reading becomes possible — is what you actually mean. The potential form is doing the real work here.

Beyond the basics

ために has a second job: "for the sake of"

With a noun and の, ために means "for the benefit of":

家族かぞくのためにはたらいています。 — I work for my family. (polite, teiru)

This is a different meaning from purpose, and it is extremely common. だれのために? ("for whose sake?") is a stock dramatic line.

ために has a third job: "because of"

In formal writing and announcements, ために after a past or state expresses cause:

大雨おおあめのため、電車でんしゃまっています。 — Due to heavy rain, the trains are stopped. (formal announcement — に is often dropped in this use)

Notice ため without に. That is the signal that this is the cause meaning, not the purpose meaning, and it belongs to formal register. For ordinary spoken reasons you want から or ので instead.

ように carries requests and wishes

ように attaches to indirect requests and to hopes:

はやるようにつたえてください。 — Please tell them to come early. (polite — reporting an instruction) 元気げんきになりますように。 — I hope you get better. (a wish — the sentence deliberately does not finish)

That second pattern — ending a sentence on ように — is how Japanese writes wishes on ema plaques at shrines and how people say prayers out loud. 合格ごうかくしますように ("please let me pass"). The unfinished shape is the point: you are not commanding anyone, just placing the hope in the air.

ようになる is the relative of this

If ように marks a target state, 〜ようになる marks arriving at one. はなせるようにする is making the effort; はなせるようになる is the result. Seeing these three together — ように, ようにする, ようになる — turns three separate flashcards into one system.

ため vs ために with nouns

Both appear, and the difference is register rather than meaning:

健康けんこうのために、毎朝まいあさあるいています。 — I walk every morning for my health. (polite, everyday)

安全あんぜんのため (signage), 健康けんこうのために (conversation). Written notices tend to drop the に.

Common mistakes

  • わすれないためにメモする. Negatives take ように. It has to be わすれないように.
  • はなせるために練習れんしゅうする. Potentials take ように: はなせるように.
  • Using ために with two different subjects. どもがるためにしずかにする is wrong; use られるように.
  • Using ために for everyday reasons. あめのためにきませんでした sounds like a train announcement. Say あめだから or あめなので.
  • Expecting ように to work with plain volitional verbs. 日本にほんくように貯金ちょきんする is odd — going is a decision, so it takes ために.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same sentence, and only the controllability of the verb changes.

1. Say "I came to Japan in order to study Japanese."

Show answer

日本語にほんご勉強べんきょうするために、日本にほんました — studying is something you decide to do, so ために.

2. Say "I take notes so I don't forget."

Show answer

わすれないように、メモをります — a negative, because you cannot decide not to forget. This is the pair to question 1.

3. Something is wrong here: 漢字かんじめるために、毎日まいにち練習れんしゅうしています。

Show answer

めるように — potential forms describe ability, not choice, so they take ように.

4. Say "I turned on the light so my child could read."

Show answer

どもがほんめるように、電気でんきをつけました — two different subjects, so ように. ために cannot span two people.

5. Say "I work for my family."

Show answer

家族かぞくのためにはたらいています — noun + のために is the "for the sake of" meaning, a different job from purpose.

6. What does 大雨おおあめのため、電車でんしゃまっています mean, and what register is it?

Show answer

"Due to heavy rain, trains are stopped" — formal announcement — ため without に after a cause is the formal "because." In conversation you would say あめだから.

7. Say "please tell them to come early."

Show answer

はやるようにつたえてください — ように carries indirect requests, reporting an instruction without commanding directly.

8. Write a wish for someone's recovery.

Show answer

元気げんきになりますように — ending on ように is how Japanese writes wishes. The unfinished shape is deliberate: nobody is being commanded.

9. Something is wrong here: 日本にほんくように貯金ちょきんしています。

Show answer

くために — going to Japan is a decision you control, so the purpose form is ために.

10. What is the difference between はなせるようにする and はなせるようになる?

Show answer

Making the effort vs arriving at the result — する is the work, なる is the change. Same ように, two different verbs on the end.

FAQ

Is ように ever written in kanji? ように exists but is rarely used for this grammar. Kana is standard.

Can I use ために with a noun and no の? Not for purpose — 勉強べんきょうのために is correct, 勉強べんきょうために is not. The の is required with nouns.

What about 〜ためには? Adding は makes it "in order to do X (as opposed to other goals)": 合格ごうかくするためには、毎日まいにち勉強べんきょうする必要ひつようがあります. It sets up a condition for reaching the goal.

Is ように the same as みたい? No. That is a different ように, meaning "like, resembling": どものようにく. Same word, unrelated use — context separates them easily.

Which one do I use with する-verbs? Whichever the test gives you. 合格ごうかくするために勉強べんきょうする (a goal you pursue) but 合格ごうかくできるように勉強べんきょうする (an outcome you hope for). Both are natural, with slightly different emphasis.

Do I need a comma? No, but a comma after the ために or ように clause is common in writing and makes long sentences much easier to read.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

勉強	べんきょう — study
日本	にほん — Japan
忘れる	わすれる — to forget
取る	とる — to take
子ども	こども — child
読む	よむ — to read
電気	でんき — light, electricity
漢字	かんじ — kanji
毎日	まいにち — every day
練習	れんしゅう — practice
家族	かぞく — family
働く	はたらく — to work
大雨	おおあめ — heavy rain
電車	でんしゃ — train
止まる	とまる — to stop
伝える	つたえる — to convey, to tell
元気	げんき — well, healthy
合格	ごうかく — passing (an exam)
健康	けんこう — health
安全	あんぜん — safety
貯金	ちょきん — saving money
静か	しずか — quiet
歩く	あるく — to walk

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. わすれないために slips past unnoticed in almost every intermediate conversation, because it makes perfect sense. The one-question test — can you decide to do it? — fixes it permanently in about a minute.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N3

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