LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Lesson notes · Sep 26, 2026

Survive in Japanese: 生き残いきのこる, 生いき延のびる and 乗り切のりきる

"Survive" in Japanese is 生き残いきのこる (ikinokoru) when you are one of the ones left alive, 生いき延のびる (ikinobiru) when you make it through danger, and 乗り切のりきる (norikiru) when you "survive" something hard like exam week. The form 生いき残のこす does not exist in this sense — 生き残いきのこる is intransitive.

English uses one verb for a plane crash, a zombie apocalypse and a Monday. Japanese splits them. The split is not about how dramatic the situation is; it is about what the sentence focuses on — who is left, how you escaped, or what you got through. Once you see that, the choice is easy.

The basics

What does 生き残いきのこる mean?

生き残いきのこる is 生いきる "to live" + 残のこる "to remain." It means to be left alive — usually when others were not. It is the word of battle royales, death games and disaster stories.

最後さいごまで生き残いきのこったのは三人さんにんだけだった。 — Only three people survived to the end. (narration) この業界ぎょうかいで生き残いきのこるのは難むずかしい。 — It's hard to survive in this industry. (neutral, figurative)

The second example shows that 生き残いきのこる also works for companies, products and careers: surviving while competitors disappear.

What does 生いき延のびる mean?

生いき延のびる is 生いきる + 延のびる "to be extended." The focus is on getting through a danger and staying alive longer — escaping, lasting.

彼かれは戦争せんそうを生いき延のびた。 — He survived the war. (neutral) 水みずだけで三日間みっかかん生いき延のびた。 — I survived three days on just water. (casual)

Note that 生いき延のびる can take a direct object with を: 戦争せんそうを生いき延のびる, "survive the war." 生き残いきのこる usually does not.

How do you say "survive" a hard day or week?

乗り切のりきる — "ride it out, get over it." This is the everyday "survive," with no life or death involved.

なんとか今週こんしゅうを乗り切のりきった。 — I somehow survived this week. (casual) みんなで協力きょうりょくして、繁忙期はんぼうきを乗り切のりきりましょう。 — Let's all work together to get through the busy season. (polite, workplace)

If you are joking about surviving a meeting or a heat wave, 乗り切のりきる is almost always the natural choice.

Beyond the basics

Why is 生いき残のこす wrong?

Because 残のこる and 残のこす are an intransitive and transitive pair. 残のこる is "to remain"; 残のこす is "to leave something behind." So 生き残いきのこる is "remain alive," and there is no verb 生いき残のこす meaning "survive." Learners who know 残のこす well (ご飯はんを残のこす, "leave food on your plate") often reach for it here.

✗ 最後さいごまで生いき残のこした。 ○ 最後さいごまで生き残いきのこった。 — I survived to the end.

The noun form is 生き残いきのこり, "survivor" or "survival": 唯一ゆいいつの生き残いきのこり "the sole survivor." That noun is built from 生き残いきのこる, not from 残のこす. For more pairs like 残のこる and 残のこす, see transitive and intransitive verbs.

What is the difference between 生き残いきのこる and 助たすかる?

助たすかる (tasukaru) means "to be saved, to be rescued." It focuses on the outcome from the outside: someone or something saved you. In news about accidents, 助たすかる is extremely common.

乗客じょうきゃくは全員ぜんいん助たすかった。 — All the passengers survived (were saved). (news)

助たすかる also has an everyday meaning, "that helps, thanks," which is probably the one you hear most: 手伝てつだってくれて助たすかった, "you helping me really saved me."

What is 生存せいぞん?

生存せいぞん (seizon) is the formal noun: "survival, being alive." It appears in news, statistics and science. A survivor of an accident is a 生存者せいぞんしゃ (seizonsha).

生存者せいぞんしゃが見みつかった。 — A survivor was found. (news)

In conversation you rarely say 生存せいぞん about yourself; it sounds like a report.

What about サバイバル?

サバイバル is the English loanword "survival." It is used for the genre and the activity: サバイバルゲーム (airsoft, literally "survival game"), サバイバル生活せいかつ (roughing it). Game and anime titles often keep the English word in katakana — Digimon Survive is デジモンサバイブ in Japanese — because it sounds cooler on a cover. In a sentence, though, Japanese people use 生き残いきのこる.

How does "survive" sound in anime?

In battle royale and death game stories you will hear 生き残いきのこる constantly, often in the volitional form:

絶対ぜったいに生き残いきのこってやる。 — I'm going to survive, no matter what. (rough, determined)

生いき延のびる shows up when characters are escaping: 生いき延のびろ! — "Stay alive!" And the survivors of a destroyed village are 生き残いきのこり, a word that often carries sadness.

Can 生き残いきのこる be used for things?

Yes, figuratively. Companies, shops, traditions, even species: この店みせは時代じだいの変化へんかを生き残いきのこってきた would be understood, but more natural is この店みせは時代じだいの変化へんかの中なかで生き残いきのこってきた, "this shop has survived through changing times." When the thing is a tradition, 残のこる alone often works: 古ふるい習慣しゅうかんがまだ残のこっている, "the old custom still survives."

What do people say right after surviving something hard?

Not usually a "survive" verb at all. After a long shift or a scary flight, the natural words are short: 助たすかった ("phew, saved"), 生いきてる ("I'm alive"), or 死しぬかと思おもった ("I thought I was going to die"). That last one is an exaggeration people use about roller coasters, spicy ramen and job interviews alike.

死しぬかと思おもった。 — I thought I was going to die. (casual, usually exaggerating)

Common mistakes

  • 生いき残のこす. Use 生き残いきのこる. 残のこす is transitive.
  • 生き残いきのこる for a hard week. It sounds like a disaster movie. Use 乗り切のりきる.
  • 生き残いきのこる with を for the danger. For "survive the war," 生いき延のびる is more natural: 戦争せんそうを生いき延のびた.
  • 生存せいぞんする in casual talk. It sounds like a report. Use 生いきている or 生き残いきのこる.
  • Forgetting 助たすかる. When someone was saved by others, 助たすかる is often what a native speaker would say.

Which "survive" should you use?

Verb Reading Focus Example
生き残いきのこる いきのこる being left alive (others weren't) 最後さいごまで生き残いきのこった
生いき延のびる いきのびる getting through danger, lasting 戦争せんそうを生いき延のびた
乗り切のりきる のりきる getting through a hard time 今週こんしゅうを乗り切のりきった
助たすかる たすかる being saved 全員ぜんいん助たすかった
生存せいぞん せいぞん survival (formal noun) 生存者せいぞんしゃ
✗ 生いき残のこす — (does not exist) → 生き残いきのこる

Practice

Answers are hidden — try your own sentence first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same English verb, two different Japanese ones.

1. "Only one character survived until the end of the game."

Show answer

ゲームの最後さいごまで生き残いきのこったのは一人ひとりだけだった。 — one person left alive while others were not is 生き残いきのこる.

2. "I survived exam week." (casual)

Show answer

試験しけん週間しゅうかんを乗り切のりきった。 — no one died; you got through a hard stretch. That is 乗り切のりきる.

3. Fix it: 彼かれは最後さいごまで生いき残のこした。

Show answer

彼かれは最後さいごまで生き残いきのこった。 — 残のこる is intransitive "remain." 残のこす means "leave something," so 生いき残のこす is not a word.

4. "My grandfather survived the war."

Show answer

祖父そふは戦争せんそうを生いき延のびた。 — getting through a danger, with the danger as the object, is 生いき延のびる.

5. News: "All passengers survived."

Show answer

乗客じょうきゃくは全員ぜんいん助たすかった。 — 助たすかる, "were saved," is the usual news verb for an accident.

6. "It's hard for small shops to survive."

Show answer

小ちいさい店みせが生き残いきのこるのは難むずかしい。 — figurative survival among competitors is 生き残いきのこる.

7. A character shouts: "I'll survive, no matter what!"

Show answer

絶対ぜったいに生き残いきのこってやる! — てやる adds rough determination. Very common in battle anime.

8. "the sole survivor" (noun)

Show answer

唯一ゆいいつの生き残いきのこり — 生き残いきのこり is the noun form of 生き残いきのこる. In news, 唯一ゆいいつの生存者せいぞんしゃ is also used.

9. Thank a coworker who helped you: "You really saved me."

Show answer

本当ほんとうに助たすかりました。 — 助たすかる in its everyday sense: "that helped a lot."

The 残のこる and 残のこす pair behind 生き残いきのこる shows up clearly in conversation, so describe a hard week you got through, using 乗り切のりきる or 生いき延のびる, in a trial lesson.

FAQ

What is the most common word for "survive" in Japanese? 生き残いきのこる for life-and-death survival, 乗り切のりきる for everyday "surviving." If you are unsure, ask whether anyone could have died. If not, use 乗り切のりきる.

How do you say "survivor" in Japanese? 生存者せいぞんしゃ (seizonsha) in news and formal writing, 生き残いきのこり (ikinokori) in stories and conversation.

Is 生いき延のびる the same as 生き残いきのこる? Close, but 生いき延のびる is about escaping and lasting, and it can take the danger as an object: 災害さいがいを生いき延のびる. 生き残いきのこる is about being left when others were not.

Can I just say サバイバル? As a noun for the genre or activity, yes. As a verb in a sentence, no — サバイバルする sounds odd. Use 生き残いきのこる.

How do I say "I'm barely surviving" as a joke? なんとか生いきてます — "I'm somehow alive." It is the standard half-joking answer when someone asks how you are during a busy time. If you are actually unwell, how to say "sick" in Japanese covers the real words.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

生き残る	いきのこる — to survive (be left alive)
生き残り	いきのこり — survivor, survival
生き延びる	いきのびる — to survive, to get through danger
乗り切る	のりきる — to get through (a hard time)
助かる	たすかる — to be saved; to be helped
生存	せいぞん — survival (formal)
生存者	せいぞんしゃ — survivor (formal)
残る	のこる — to remain
残す	のこす — to leave behind
唯一	ゆいいつ — the only, sole
乗客	じょうきゃく — passenger
繁忙期	はんぼうき — busy season
業界	ぎょうかい — industry
戦争	せんそう — war

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 生いき残のこす tends to appear right after a learner has worked hard on 残のこす — it is the good kind of mistake, the kind that shows the grammar is being used. The fix is the 残のこる/残のこす pair, and it usually takes one lesson. For another verb that learners pair with the wrong partner, see courage in Japanese.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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