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N3Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 13, 2026

次第しだい: "as soon as", "it depends on", and the business email version

次第しだい looks like one word doing three unrelated jobs, but they all come from the same idea: what happens next is decided by something else. Attached to a verb stem it means "as soon as"; attached to a noun it means "depends on"; ending a sentence it means "that is how things stand."

This is one of the highest-frequency grammar points in Japanese business life and one of the lowest in textbooks, which is why learners tend to first meet it in an actual work email and have no idea what they are looking at.

The basics

Verb stem + 次第しだい — "as soon as"

Take the ます-stem and add 次第しだい. The result means "the moment X happens, Y."

Verb ます form 次第しだい form
きます 次第しだい
かる かります かり次第しだい
わる わります わり次第しだい
まる まります まり次第しだい
確認かくにんする 確認かくにんします 確認かくにん次第しだい (する verbs drop する)

東京とうきょう次第しだい、ご連絡れんらくします。 — I'll contact you as soon as I arrive in Tokyo. 日程にっていまり次第しだい、おらせします。 — I'll let you know as soon as the schedule is decided. 確認かくにん次第しだい折り返おりかえしご連絡れんらくいたします。 — I'll get back to you as soon as I've checked. (very formal)

Two rules matter more than the conjugation:

It is future-only. 次第しだい cannot describe something that already happened. 次第しだい連絡れんらくしました is wrong — for the past, use いてすぐ ("right after arriving").

The second half must be a plan, not an event. Something you will do, announce, or send. You cannot say 次第しだいあめりました, because rain is not something anyone decides.

Noun + 次第しだい — "depends on"

Attach 次第しだい straight to a noun. This says the noun is the deciding factor.

天気てんき次第しだいです。 — It depends on the weather. 明日あした予定よていは、仕事しごと次第しだいです。 — Tomorrow's plan depends on work. 成功せいこうするかどうかは、あなた次第しだいです。 — Whether it succeeds is up to you.

次第しだいで and 次第しだいでは add "depending on it, things could go different ways":

値段ねだん次第しだいいます。 — I'll buy it depending on the price. 状況次第じょうきょうしだいでは、中止ちゅうしになるかもしれません。 — Depending on the situation, it may be cancelled.

あなた次第しだいです is worth learning as a set phrase. It is the natural, non-dramatic way to say "it's up to you," and it appears constantly in both business and casual conversation.

次第しだいです — the business email ending

The third use closes an explanation. It means roughly "and that is how the situation stands," and it appears at the end of a paragraph in formal writing.

そのため、納期のうきおくれている次第しだいです。 — For that reason, the delivery is running late. (formal written Japanese)

You will read this far more often than you will write it. If you see 次第しだいです at the end of a long, polite paragraph with no noun in front of it, it is this one — the writer is not saying anything depends on anything, only closing the explanation.

Beyond the basics

The test that separates the three

Look at what is directly in front of 次第しだい.

In front of 次第しだい Meaning Example
ます-stem (き, かり) As soon as かり次第しだい
Noun (天気てんき, あなた) Depends on 天気てんき次第しだい
A full explanatory clause + です That's how it stands 〜という次第しだいです

It is the same mechanical test that separates the two そう — check the shape of the word in front, not the meaning of the sentence.

次第しだい vs によって vs たら

These three overlap in English translations and are doing different things.

Form What it says Example
次第しだい (verb) As soon as, at the earliest moment まり次第しだい — the instant it's decided
〜たら When / if — a specific event まったら — once it's decided
N次第しだい N is the deciding factor 天気てんき次第しだい — the weather decides
Nによって Varies according to N 天気てんきによって — it varies with the weather

まり次第しだい and まったら both work, but 次第しだい is more urgent and more formal — it promises the immediate next moment, which is exactly why business Japanese prefers it. 〜によって describes variation across cases; 次第しだい names the one factor that settles it. 天気てんきによってめます means the decision varies with weather; 天気てんき次第しだいです means the weather is the decider.

The two fixed expressions

Both are common and neither behaves like the patterns above.

手当たり次第てあたりしだいさがした。 — I searched at random / grabbed at everything. (literally "next-by-whatever-the-hand-touches") 次第しだいくらくなってきた。 — It gradually got dark. (次第しだいに as an adverb: gradually)

次第しだいに meaning "gradually" is a completely separate adverb and is common in written Japanese and narration. It will not confuse you once you know it exists, and it will confuse you badly if you do not.

Where you will actually meet it

Business Japanese, overwhelmingly. かり次第しだい and まり次第しだい are near-fixed phrases in email, and you will see them long before you produce them.

用意よういができ次第しだい、おちします。 — I'll bring it as soon as it's ready. (restaurant, shop) 準備じゅんびととの次第しだい開始かいしします。 — We'll begin as soon as preparations are complete. (announcements)

In anime it is rarer but shows up in exactly two places: formal or military characters giving orders, and the standalone あなた次第しだいだ ("it's up to you") at a decisive moment. The first sounds crisp and official; the second sounds like a line someone has been waiting the whole episode to say.

Common mistakes

  • Using the plain form. 次第しだい is wrong. It has to be the ます-stem: 次第しだい. する verbs drop する entirely: 確認かくにん次第しだい, not 確認かくにん次第しだい (though you will see the longer form occasionally).
  • Using it in the past. 次第しだい always points forward. For "right after I arrived," use いてすぐ or いたらすぐ.
  • Putting a natural event in the second half. The second clause must be something someone does or decides. 次第しだい電話でんわします is fine; 次第しだいあめります is not.
  • Confusing N次第しだい with Nによって. 次第しだい names the single deciding factor; によって describes variation. "Prices vary by shop" is みせによってちがいます, not みせ次第しだいです.
  • Missing the adverb 次第しだいに. It means "gradually" and has nothing to do with the other three uses.
  • Using 次第しだい casually with friends. It is not wrong, but it sounds formal. まったらおしえて is what you say to a friend; まり次第しだい連絡れんらくします is what you write to a client.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same verb, and the shape in front of 次第しだい decides everything.

1. Make まる into the 次第しだい form and say "I'll let you know as soon as it's decided."

Show answer

まり次第しだい、おらせします — take the ます-stem まり and add 次第しだい. This is one of the most common phrases in Japanese business email.

2. What does 天気てんき次第しだいです mean?

Show answer

It depends on the weather — a noun in front of 次第しだい means "this is the deciding factor." This is the pair to question 1: same word, different attachment, different job.

3. Something is wrong here: 東京とうきょう次第しだい連絡れんらくします。

Show answer

次第しだい次第しだい takes the ます-stem, not the plain form. く → きます → 次第しだい.

4. Something is wrong here: 次第しだい連絡れんらくしました。

Show answer

いてすぐ連絡れんらくしました次第しだい only points forward, so it cannot describe something that already happened. Use 〜てすぐ or 〜たらすぐ for the past.

5. Say "it's up to you."

Show answer

あなた次第しだいです — a set phrase, and the normal undramatic way to say it. Casually: 君次きみじだいだ.

6. Why is 次第しだいあめります wrong?

Show answer

The second half has to be something someone does次第しだい promises an action at the earliest moment. Rain is not anybody's decision, so nothing can be promised about it.

7. What is the difference between みせ次第しだいです and みせによってちがいます?

Show answer

Deciding factor vs variationみせによってちがいます means it varies from shop to shop, which is what you want here. みせ次第しだいです would mean the shop gets to decide, which is a different claim.

8. What does 次第しだいくらくなってきた mean?

Show answer

It gradually got dark次第しだいに is a separate adverb meaning "gradually" and has nothing to do with the other three uses. Common in writing and narration.

9. Rewrite まったらおしえて for a client email.

Show answer

まり次第しだい、ご連絡れんらくいたします次第しだい is more formal and more urgent than たら: it promises the immediate next moment, which is exactly why business Japanese prefers it.

10. Make 確認かくにんする into the 次第しだい form.

Show answer

確認かくにん次第しだい — する verbs drop する entirely and attach 次第しだい to the noun. 確認かくにん次第しだい also appears, but 確認かくにん次第しだい is the standard shape.

FAQ

Is 次第しだい too formal for conversation? For the "as soon as" use, mostly yes — with friends, まったらおしえて is what you say. But N次第しだいです ("depends on") is completely normal in casual speech: 天気てんき次第しだいだね, 君次きみじだいだよ.

What is the difference between 次第しだい and すぐに? すぐに is an adverb meaning "immediately" and can attach to anything. 次第しだい is a connector that makes one clause trigger another, and it carries a promise: I will do Y the instant X happens. いてすぐ連絡れんらくします and 次第しだい連絡れんらくします are close, but the second sounds like a commitment.

Can 次第しだい follow a noun and still mean "as soon as"? Yes, with する-nouns: 到着次第とうちゃくしだい ("as soon as [we] arrive"), 完成かんせい次第しだい ("as soon as it's finished"), 確認かくにん次第しだい. These read as compact and formal, and they are very common on signs and in announcements.

What is 〜という次第しだいです? The explanatory ending, with という in front to sum up the account: "and so that is the situation." It is formal written Japanese and worth recognising rather than producing.

Is 手当たり次第てあたりしだい related to the other uses? Only historically. 手当たり次第てあたりしだい means "at random, one after another, whatever comes to hand" and behaves as a fixed adverbial phrase: 手当たり次第てあたりしだい電話でんわした ("I called everyone I could think of"). Learn it whole.

Why does 次第しだい appear so much in Japanese business email? Because business Japanese avoids committing to a specific time it cannot guarantee. まり次第しだい promises speed without promising a date — a genuinely useful hedge, and the reason you will see the phrase within your first week of reading work email in Japanese.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

次第	しだい — depending on; as soon as
着く	つく — to arrive
分かる	わかる — to understand, to find out
終わる	おわる — to end, to finish
決まる	きまる — to be decided
確認	かくにん — confirmation, checking
連絡	れんらく — contact, getting in touch
日程	にってい — schedule
知らせる	しらせる — to inform
天気	てんき — weather
予定	よてい — plan, schedule
仕事	しごと — work
成功	せいこう — success
値段	ねだん — price
状況	じょうきょう — situation
中止	ちゅうし — cancellation
納期	のうき — delivery deadline
遅れる	おくれる — to be late, to be delayed
用意	ようい — preparation
準備	じゅんび — preparation
整う	ととのう — to be ready, to be in order
到着	とうちゃく — arrival
完成	かんせい — completion
暗い	くらい — dark

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. Learners almost always meet 次第しだい for the first time in a real work email rather than a textbook, which is a bad place to meet a word that has three jobs — so the fastest fix is the one-line test: look at what is sitting in front of it.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N3

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