LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

From the podcast · Sep 12, 2026

How to Play Shiritori: The Japanese Word Chain Game Rules

Shiritori rules (しりとり), the Japanese word chain game: someone says a word, the next person says a word that starts with the last sound of it, and you keep going around the circle. You lose if you cannot answer, if you repeat a word someone already said, or if you say a word ending in ん.

This was the very first episode of my NihonGO podcast, recorded back in March 2019 for the free Discord lessons I was running at the time. I have rewritten and expanded it here, because shiritori is still the single easiest game to start playing on the day you learn hiragana.

How to play shiritori

Answer — One player says any noun. The next player says a noun beginning with the final character of that word. Repeat until someone gets stuck. The person who ends the chain loses.

The word itself explains the rules: 尻しり (しり, "the rear") + 取とり (とり, "taking"). You take the rear of the word.

さくら → らくだ → だいこん sakura (cherry blossom) → rakuda (camel) → daikon (radish)

だいこん ends in ん, so the person who said it just lost.

Three rules end a game:

How it ends What happened Who loses
No answer Nobody can think of a word starting with that sound The person who cannot answer
Repeat A word that has already been used comes up again The person who repeated it
ん A word ending in ん is played The person who said it

The ん rule exists for a simple reason: no Japanese word begins with ん. The chain physically cannot continue, so playing one is treated as giving up.

Why do so many beginners lose on ん?

Because a huge share of the vocabulary a beginner learns first ends in ん: みかん, ぱん, ラーメン, にほん, しんぶん, かばん, じかん. Beginner word lists are full of them, so the losing move is also the most available one. If you play without checking the last character of your own word, you will hand the game away inside three turns.

The fix is to practise the opposite habit: before you speak, look at the end of your own word. This sounds trivial, and it is exactly the skill that makes the game useful. You are being forced to hear a word as a sequence of characters rather than as a lump of sound, which is the thing that most learners are still not doing at the point where they can already hold a simple conversation.

What counts as a valid word?

The standard rules are:

  • Nouns only. No verbs, no adjectives, no particles. 「たべる」 is out.
  • No proper nouns, in the strict version. Casual games often allow place names and anime characters, which makes it far easier for beginners. Agree before you start.
  • A word ending in ー: ignore the ー and use the character before it. コーヒー → ひつじ. Some groups use the vowel instead (コーヒー → い…), so agree first.
  • Small characters (っ, ゃ, ゅ, ょ) usually count as their full-size version. きしゃ → やま (しゃ ends in small ゃ, so the next word starts with や).
  • Voiced and plain versions are usually interchangeable. かぎ → きつね, or さか → がっこう.

If you are playing with children, the only rules enforced are "no repeats" and "no ん". Everything else is negotiable, and that is the spirit of it.

Which sounds should you be afraid of?

Some endings are traps because very few words begin with them. る is the famous one: 「るすばん」「ルーレット」「ルビー」and then you are out of ideas. Experienced players deliberately hand る to the next person.

The dangerous handoffs, roughly in order:

  1. る — almost nothing starts with it
  2. ぬ — ぬいぐるみ, ぬの, and that is about it
  3. を, ん — ん is an instant loss; を never starts a word
  4. ゆ, よ, れ, ろ — thin, but survivable

Learning three or four words for each of those is the whole strategy. It also happens to be a genuinely useful vocabulary drill, which is why teachers keep using this game.

Is shiritori actually good Japanese practice?

Answer — Yes, for two specific skills: recall speed and character awareness. It is bad practice for grammar, because you never build a sentence. Use it as a five-minute warm-up, not as a lesson.

What it trains well:

  • Retrieval under pressure. You know the word. The game asks whether you can produce it in two seconds, which is the gap between "I studied this" and "I can speak".
  • Hearing the last character. Beginners routinely mishear ん at the end of a word, or miss that こうえん is four characters, not three.
  • Vocabulary gaps. The moment you get stuck on ね, you have found a hole in your vocabulary, and it is a hole you now care about.

What it does not train: particles, conjugation, politeness level, or anything to do with putting words together. For that you need to actually talk, which is what my 1-on-1 lessons are for.

How do you play it on your own?

Write the chain down instead of speaking it, and give yourself a time limit per word. Or play the harder solo version: every word has to be from one category, and you still cannot end in ん. Ten words in a row from "food" is a real workout. Once the hiragana chart feels easy, katakana words such as コーヒー open up many more food words, and the order to learn the scripts estimates one to two weeks for a first pass at katakana.

If you want a version of this with more structure, the Yamanote Line game is the category-based cousin of shiritori and it is the one Japanese people actually play at drinking parties. If you would rather build full sentences than single words, the Japanese subtitles method is the next step up.

Sample chain

A real chain, with the traps marked:

みかん — mandarin orange (a beginner favourite — and it ends in ん) ぱん — bread (same trap, different word) さくら — cherry blossom らくだ — camel だいこん — radish (ends in ん — game over) こうえん — park (four characters, not three — easy to miscount)

Common mistakes

  • Not checking the last character of your own word before speaking. This single habit is the entire game.
  • Using a verb or adjective. しりとり is nouns only — 「たべる」 is out.
  • Forgetting to skip the ー. Use the character before it: コーヒー hands over ひ, not ー.
  • Playing proper nouns without agreeing first. Place names and anime characters make the game much easier, so decide the rule before you start.
  • Panicking on る, ぬ or ゆ. These are the famous dead ends — learn three or four words for each ahead of time.

Practice

1. さくら ends in ら. What is a valid next word?

Show answer

Any noun starting with ら, such as らくだ (camel).

2. Someone says だいこん. What happens next?

Show answer

The game ends — だいこん ends in ん, which is an instant loss for whoever said it.

3. Why can't a word end the chain with ん?

Show answer

No Japanese word begins with ん, so the chain physically cannot continue.

4. こうえん comes up. How many characters does the next player need to count from the end?

Show answer

Four — こ・う・え・ん — not three. This is the exact kind of miscount that ends beginner games early.

5. Is 「たべる」 a valid shiritori word?

Show answer

No — it's a verb. Standard shiritori is nouns only.

6. コーヒー is played. What sound does the next word need to start with?

Show answer

ひ — ignore the ー and use the character before it, not the ー character itself.

7. きしゃ is played. What character does the next word treat it as ending in?

Show answer

や — small characters like ゃ usually count as their full-size version.

8. Which sound is the most dangerous one to be handed, and why?

Show answer

る — almost no Japanese words start with it, so being handed る is close to losing already.

9. What are the only two rules enforced when playing with small children?

Show answer

No repeats, and no words ending in ん. Everything else is negotiable.

10. What does shiritori actually train, and what does it not train?

Show answer

It trains recall speed and character awareness. It does not train grammar, particles, or sentence building.

FAQ

Can I use katakana words? Yes. ラーメン, テレビ, コンビニ are all fine. Remember that ー is not a character you can hand over: コーヒー ends in ヒー, so the next word starts with ひ.

What happens with words ending in a long vowel? Convention is to ignore the ー and use the character before it. コーヒー → ひつじ (treating it as ひ) is the common house rule, though some groups say the next word must start with the vowel sound itself (い). Agree first.

Is there a version for kanji? Yes, and it is much harder: 四よ字じ熟語じゅくごしりとり chains four-character compounds. Save it for later.

Do Japanese adults still play this? On long car journeys and with small children, constantly. At drinking parties they switch to the Yamanote Line game, because it is faster and louder.

Play it in your next lesson

If you can read hiragana, you can play shiritori today, and it will show you exactly which words you have and which ones you only think you have.

I am Yuuki, an online Japanese teacher and an Akihabara anime tour guide. I have been teaching Japanese through games, anime and normal conversation since the Discord days this podcast came from, and I still open lessons with a round of shiritori when a student needs to warm up. Book a trial lesson · $13

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

しりとり	しりとり — word chain game
尻	しり — the rear, buttocks
取り	とり — taking
さくら	さくら — cherry blossom
らくだ	らくだ — camel
だいこん	だいこん — radish
みかん	みかん — mandarin orange
ぱん	ぱん — bread
こうえん	こうえん — park
たべる	たべる — to eat
コーヒー	コーヒー — coffee
きしゃ	きしゃ — train
やま	やま — mountain
かばん	かばん — bag
ぬいぐるみ	ぬいぐるみ — stuffed animal

Sources: this article is a rewrite of episode 1 of my NihonGO podcast (recorded 2019-03-12). House rules described here are the common Japanese conventions as I teach them; shiritori has no single governing rule set.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice

More “Talking to Real People” articles →

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